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根据以下材料，回答题American DreamsThere is a common response to America among foreign writ

根据以下材料，回答题

American Dreams

There is a common response to America among foreign writers: the US is a land of extremes where the best of things are just as easily found as the worst. This is a cliche （陈词滥调）.

In the land of black and white， people should not be too surprised to find some of the biggest gaps between the rich and the poor in the world. But the American Dream offers a way out to everyone. __________ （46） No class system or government stands in the way.

Sadly， this old argument is no longer true. Over the past few decades there has been a fundamental shift in the structure of the American economy.

The gap between the rich and the poor has widened and widened. __________ （47）Over the past 25 years the median US family income has gone up 18 percent. For the top 1 per cent， however， it has gone up 200 percent.Twenty-five years ago the top fifth of Americans had an average income 6.7 times that of the bottom fifth. __________ （48）

Inequalities have grown worse in different regions.In California， incomes for lower class families have fallen by 4 percent since 1969. __________ （49） This has led to an economy hugely in favor of a small group of very rich Americans.The wealthiest 1 per cent of households now control a third of the national wealth.There are now 37 million Americans living in poverty.At 12.7 percent of the population， it is the highest percentage in the developed world.

Yet the tax burden on America"s rich is falling， not growing. __________ （50） There was an economic theory holding that the rich spending more would benefit everyone as a whole.But clearly that theory has not worked in reality.

回答（46）题 查看材料

A.Nobody is poor in the US.

B.The top 0.01 percent of households has seen its tax bite fall by a full 25 percentage points since 1980.

C.For upper class families they have risen 41 percent.

D.Now it is 9.8 times.

E.As it does so， the possibility to cross that gap gets smaller and smaller.

F.All one has to do is to work hard and climb the ladder towards the top.

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更多“根据以下材料，回答题American DreamsThere…”相关的问题
第1题
根据以下材料，回答题Native American PotteryThere are several American Indian groups in the

根据以下材料，回答题

Native American Pottery

There are several American Indian groups in the Southwest that still make beautiful pottery.

Some of this pottery may be sold at fairly high prices. But the makers consider their work as more than a commercial enterprise. By using methods handed downfor generations， the potters express their pride in their cultural inheritance （遗产） .

Some of the most interesting pottery is made by the Pueblo Indians. There are 21 individual pueblos in Arizona and New Mexico. Several are famous for their craftsmanship.To make a pot，these potters use a clay base and add long thin coils of clay toit in a spiral pattern. When they have reached the size they want， they use an implement such as a rock or shell to smooth the surfaces of the pot.

How a pot is decorated and fired depends on the traditions of the group making it. Traditional pottery produced by the Acoma， who have lived for centuries on a high mesa in NewMexico， is first painted with a clay slip. The resulting pots: which are prizedfor their delicacy and strength，may be left white. They may also be painted with black and white patterns or with a combination of black， orange， and brown.

Very distinctive （忒别的，有特色的） black pottery comes from the Sail Ildefonso and Santa Clara pueblos. The black color is the result of carbon being released from the animal manure （粪肥） in which the pot is fired. Some artisans hand -rub this ware to a shiny gloss. Others cut patterns into it: resulting in a part shiny: part fiat surface. Potters at Sail lldefonso make many types of wares. Potters at Santa Clara are especially known for wedding jars-jars with two necks connected by a handle.

Other groups such as the Hopi and the Cochiti also make pottery. Each group uses distinctive methods and produces distinctive .forms and designs.

In the first paragraph the word "commercial" means 查看材料

A.advertising products on TV

B.selling and business

C.large-scale

D.artistic

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第2题
根据以下材料，回答题American SocietyWhen foreigners are sometimes asked what seems most str

根据以下材料，回答题

American Society

When foreigners are sometimes asked what seems most strange about American society，somewhere on the top of the list will be the fact the average citizen is allowed to possess guns.

Although it is true that many people carry guns legally in the United States， it is also known that many who possess guns carry illegally. Others， who don"t have guns， feel that guns can be acquired quite easily. A recent survey indicated that many high school students， especially in the inner cities， can acquire gun with little difficulty.

Although most people would never want to own a gun， others have taken up hunting as a sport and enjoy hunting wild game in season. Hunting for deer and duck in fall and winter is very much a part of the American culture.

Also， some farmers in rural areas who raise cattle and sheep feel they need to protect their animals against wolves that attack their herds and flocks at night. To defend and support their rights to possess firearms the National Rifle Association （NRA） was founded in 1871. The main importance of this organization has been its efforts to prevent strict gun control legislation. The NRA has great political support in small towns and rural areas， especially in the West and the South，where hunting is especially popular. Those who favor the right to possess guns insist that the Constitution provides the right of people "to keep and bear arms". They believe that gun control laws will not solve the problem of crime and violence in America.

Recent events in America， however， have shown that the question of gun possession is now out of control and strong voices have called for immediate action to be taken. In seemingly peaceful schools students have gone into classrooms and opened fire upon their classmates.

America has been shocked by such incidents which seem to occur with greater frequency. The periodic deaths of innocent citizens and even foreign visitors from guns have forced legislators to pass laws to stop these senseless killings.

The day may not be far off when America will be transformed from a gun culture to one which controls their use and possession.

What is most unusual about American society？ 查看材料

A.Many Americans acquire guns illegally.

B.Ordinary people can possess guns legally.

C.The average citizen does not try to possess guns.

D.Many school children carry guns legally.

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第3题
根据以下材料，回答题Living StandardsThe differences in living standards around the world ar

根据以下材料，回答题

Living Standards

The differences in living standards around the world are vast. In 1993， the average American had an income of about $25，000. In the same year， the average Mexican earned $7，000， and the average Nigerian earned $1，500. Not surprisingly， this large variation in average income is reflected in various measures of the quality of life. Changes in living standards over time are also large. In the United States， incomes have historically grown about 2 percent per year （after adjusting for changes in the cost of living）. At this rate， average income doubles every 35 years. In some countries， economic growth has been even more rapid. In Japan， for instance， average income has doubled in the past 20 years， and in South Korea it has doubled in the past 10 years.

What explains these large differences in living standards among countries and over time？ The answer is surprisingly simple. Almost all variation in living standards is attributable to differences in countries" productivity—— that is， the amount of goods and services produced from each hour of a worker"s time. In nations where workers can produce a large quantity of goods and services per unit of time， most people enjoy a high standard of living; in nations where workers are less productive， most people must endure a more meager existence. Similarly， the growth rate of a nation"s productivity determines the growth rate of its average income.

The fundamental relationship between productivity and living standards is simple， but its implications are far-reaching. If productivity is the primary determinant of living standards， other explanations must be of secondary importance. For example， people might think that labor unions or minimum-wage laws contributed to the rise in living standards of American workers over the past century. Yet the real hero of American workers is their rising productivity.

The relationship between productivity and .living standards also has great implications for public policy. When thinking about how any policy will affect living standards， the key question is how it will affect our ability to produce goods and services. To improve living standards，policymakers need to raise productivity by ensuring that workers are well educated， have the tools needed to produce goods and services， and have access to the best available technology.

Which of the following countries has enjoyed the fastest economic growth in history？ 查看材料

A.Mexico.

B.The United States.

C.Japan.

D.South Korea.

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第4题
根据以下材料，回答题Tales of the Terrible PastIt is not the job of fiction writers to analy

根据以下材料，回答题

Tales of the Terrible Past

It is not the job of fiction writers to analyze and interpret history. Yet by writing about the past in a vivid and compelling manner， storytellers can bring earlier eras to life and force readers to consider them seriously. Among those taking on the task of recounting history are some black writers who attempt to examine slavery from different points of view.

Nobel Prize-winning author Toni Morrison deals specifically with the legacy of slavery in her book Beloved. The main character in this novel， a former slave called Sethe， lives in Ohio in the years following the Civil War， but she cannot free herself from her horrific memories. Through a series of flashbacks and bitter reminiscences， the reader learns how and why Sethe escaped from the plantation she had lived on; the fate of her husband， who also tried to escape; and finally， what happened to the child called Beloved. Morrison"s scenes of torture and murder are vivid and strongly convey the desperation of the slaves and the cruelty of their owners.

Charles Johnson"s Middle Passage approaches slavery from a different， yet no less violent，vantage point. His main character， Rutherfprd Calhoun， is a ne"er-do-well free black American who stows away on a slave ship bound for Africa to collect its "cargo". Put to work after he is discovered，Calhoun witnesses firsthand the appalling conditions in which the captured Africans are transported.

When they finally rebel and take over the ship， he finds himself in the middle—— and is forced to come to terms with who he is and what his values are.

Neither Beloved nor Middle Passage is an easy read， but both exemplify African American writers" attempts to bring significant historical situations alive for a modem audience.

This passage is mostly about 查看材料

A.the causes of slavery in America

B.black writers in the late 20th century

C.why Morrison and Johnson wrote the books they did

D.two novels that deal with slavery

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第5题
根据以下材料，回答题。The FamiIvThe structure of a family takes different forms around the

根据以下材料，回答题。

The FamiIv

The structure of a family takes different forms around the world and even in the same society.The family’S form. changes as it adapts to changing social and economic influences.Until recently.the most common form. in North America was the nuclear family，consisting of a married couple with their minor children.The nuclear family is an independent unit.It must be prepared to fend for itself.Individual family members strongly depend on one another.There is little help from outside the family in emergencies.Elderly relatives of a nuclear family are cared for only if it is possible for the family to do so.In North America，the elderly often do not live with the family;thev live in retirement communities and nursing homes.

There are many parallels between the nuclear family in industrial societies.such as North America，and of families in societies such as that of the Inuits，who live in harsh environments.The nuclear family structure is well adapted to a life of mobility.In harsh conditions，mobility allows the family to hunt for food.For North Americans，the hunt for jobs and improved social status also requires mobility.

The nuclear family was not always the North American standard. In a more agrarian time，the mall nuclear family was usually part of a larger extenged family.This might have included grandparents，mother and father，brothers and sisters，uncles，aunts，and cousins. In North America today，there is a dramatic rise in the number of single.parent households.Twice as many households in the United States are headed by divorced，separated，or never。married individuals as are comprised of nuclear families.The structure of the family，not just in North America，but throughout the world，continues to change as it adapts to changing conditions.

Another good title for this passage would be 查看材料

A.What Makes a Family？

B.The Life of the Inuits.

C.Living With Hardship.

D.The Failure of the Nuclear Family.

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第6题
根据以下材料，回答题Living Standards Around the WorldThe differences in living standards ar

根据以下材料，回答题

Living Standards Around the World

The differences in living standards around the world are vast. In 1993， the average American had an income of about $25，000. In the same year， the average Mexican earned $7，000， and the average Nigerian earned $1，500. Not surprisingly， this large variation in average income is reflected in various measures of the quality of life. Changes in living standards over time are also large. In the United States， incomes have historically grown about 2 percent per year （after adjusting for changes in the cost of living）. At this rate， average income doubles every 35 years. In some countries， economic growth has been even more rapid. In Japan， for instance， average income has doubled in the past 20 years， and in South Korea it has doubled in the past 10 years.

What explains these large differences in living standards among countries and over time？ The answer is surprisingly simple. Almost all variation in living standards is attributable to differences in countries" productivity—— that is， the amount of goods and services produced from each hour of a worker"s time. In nations where workers can produce a large quantity of goods and services per unit of time， most people enjoy a high standard of living; in nations where workers are less productive， most people must endure a more meager existence. Similarly， the growth rate of a

nation"s productivity determines the growth rate of its average income.

The fundamental relationship between productivity and living standards is simple， but its implications are far-reaching. If productivity is the primary determinant of living standards， other explanations must be of secondary importance. For example， people might think that labor unions or minimum-wage laws contributed to the rise in living standards of American workers over the past century. Yet the real hero of American workers is their rising productivity.

The relationship between productivity and living standards also has great implications for public policy. When thinking about how any policy will affect living standards， the key question is how it will affect our ability to produce goods and services. To improve living standards，policymakers need to raise productivity by ensuring that workers are well educated， have the tools needed to produce goods and services， and have access to the best available technology.

Which of the following countries has enjoyed the fastest economic growth in history？ 查看材料

A.Mexico.

B.The United States.

C.Japan.

D.South Korea.

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第7题
根据以下材料，回答题。Some Things We Know About LanguageMany things about language are a my

根据以下材料，回答题。

Some Things We Know About Language

Many things about language are a mystery， and many will always remain so. But some things we do know.

First， we know that all human beings have a language of some sort. There is no race of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language， no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one another. Furthermore， in historical times， there has never been a race of men without a language.

Second， there is no such thing as a primitive language. There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped， who are， as we say， uncivilized， but the languages they speak are not primitive. In all known languages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing.

This has not always been well understood; indeed， the direct contrary has often been stated.Popular ideas of the language of the American Indians will illustrate. Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises. Study has proved this to be nonsense. There are， or were， hundreds of American Indian languages， and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old. They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with， but they are no more primitive than English and Greek.

A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate. That is，each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language.

Finally， we know that language changes. It is natural and normal for language to change ; the only languages which do not change are the dead ones. This is easy to understand if we look backward in time. Change goes on in all aspects of language. Grammatical features change as do speech sounds， and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rapidly. Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language.

In the second paragraph the passage tells us that 查看材料

A.some backward race doesn"t have a language of its own

B.some race in history didn"t possess a language of its own

C.any human race， whether backward or not， has a language

D.some races on earth can communicate without language

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第8题
根据以下材料，回答题Middle Age: A Low Point for MostPeople around the globe hit the height

根据以下材料，回答题

Middle Age: A Low Point for Most

People around the globe hit the height of their misery and depression in middle 51_________ .， a new international study suggests. The finding by British and American researchers was based on an analysis of well-being among approximately 52_________ million people in 80 nations. With few exceptions，the observation appears to apply across the board， regardless 2 gender （性别） ， culture，geography， wealth， job history， education， and marriage or parental status.

"The scientific fact seems to be that happiness and positive mental health follow a giant "U" 53_________ through life，" said study author Andrew J. Oswald， a professor of economics at Warwick University in Warwickshire， England. "For the average person， it"s high when you"re 20， and then it slowly 54_________ and bottoms out in your 40s. But the good news is that your 55_________ health picks up again， and eventually gets back to the high levels of your youth."

The finding was 56_________ on the pooling of several different sources of happiness data，including: two multi-decade happiness/satisfaction surveys （first launched in the 1970s）， involving about 500，000 American and Western European men and women; four rounds of the 80-nation "World Values Survey" 57_________ between 1981 and 2004 in North America， Eastern and WesternEurope， Asia， Africa， Australia， and Central and South America; and a 2004-2007 survey 58_________ nearly 1 million Britons.

The bottom-line: For most people throughout the world， the highest probability for 59_________ striking is around 44 years of age.

In the United States， however， some as-yet unexplained 60_________ differences were observed， with happiness among men dipping the most in their early 50s， whereas women hit their nadir （最低点 ） around the age of 40.

The researchers cautioned that cheerful people tend to live longer than unhappy. 61_________ – a fact that might have skewed （使偏斜） the overall finding. But they also suggested that evidence of a happiness 62_________ might simply reflect a midlife choice to give up long-held but no longer tenable （守得住的） aspiration （志向）， followed by a senior"s sense of gratitude for having successfully endured 63_________ others did not.

"That said， some might find it helpful simply to understand the general 64_________ of mental health as they go through their own life，" said Oswald. "It might be useful for people to realize that if they are 65_________ in their 40s this is normal. It is not exceptional. And just knowing this might help".

回答（51）题 查看材料

A.age

B.place

C.height

D.degree

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第9题
根据以下材料，回答题Superconductor Ceramic 陶瓷）An underground revolution begins this winte

根据以下材料，回答题

Superconductor Ceramic 陶瓷）

An underground revolution begins this winter. With the flip （轻击） of a switch， 30，000 homes in one part of Detroit will soon become the first in the country to receive electricity transmitted by ice-cold high-performance cables. Other American cities are expected to follow Detroit"s example in the years ahead， which could conserve enormous amounts of power.

The new electrical cables at the Frisbie power station in Detroit are revolutionary because they are made of superconductors. A superconductor is a material that transmits electricity with little or no resistance. Resistance is the degree to which a substance resists electric current. All common electrical conductors have a certain amount of electrical resistance. They convert at least some of the electrical energy passing through them into waste heat. Superconductors don"t. No one understands how superconductivity works. It just does.

Making superconductors isn"t easy. A superconductor material has to be cooled to an extremely low temperature to lose its resistance. The first superconductors， made more than 50 years ago， had to be cooled to-263 degrees Celsius before they lost their resistance. Newer superconducting materials lose their resistance at -143 degrees Celsius.

The superconductors cable installed at the Frisbie station is made of a ceramic material that contains copper， oxygen， bismuth（铋）， strontium（锶）， and calcium（钙 ）. A ceramic is a hard， strong compound made from clay or minerals. The superconducting ceramic has been fashioned into a tape that is wrapped lengthwise around a long tube filled with liquid nitrogen. Liquid nitrogen is supercold and lowers the temperature of the ceramic tape to the point where it conveys electricity with zero resistance.

The United States loses an enormous amount of electricity each year to resistance. Because cooled superconductors have no resistance， they waste much less power. Other cities are watching the Frisbie experiment in the hope that they might switch to superconducting cable and conserve power， too.

What is the benefit of the revolution mentioned in the first paragraph？ 查看材料

A.With a flip of swish， electricity can be transmitted.

B.Other American cities can benefit from the high-performance cables.

C.Great amounts of power can be conserved.

D.Detroit will first receive electricity transmitted by the new electrical cables.

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第10题
根据以下材料，回答题。American Wedding“I d0.”To Americans.those two words carry great meanin

根据以下材料，回答题。

American Wedding

“I d0.”To Americans.those two words carry great meanin9.They can even change yourlife，especially if you say them at your own weddin9.Making wedding VOWS is like signing a con-tract.Now Americans don’t really think marriage is a business deal.But marriage is a serious business.

It all begins with engagement.Traditionally.a young man asks the father of his sweetheartfor permission to marry her.If the father agrees.the man later proposes to her.Often he tries to surprise her by“popping the question”in a romantic way.Sometimes the couple just decides together that the time is right to get married.The man usually gives his franc6e（未婚妻）a diamond ring as a symbol of their engagement.They may be engaged for weeks，months or even years.As the big day approaches，their friends will provide many useful gifts.Today many coupies also receive advice during engagement.This prepares them for the challenges of married life.

At last it is time for the weddin9.Although most.，weddings follow traditions，there’S still roomfor individualism（个人主义）.For example，the usual place for a wedding is a church.But somepeople get married outdoors in a scenic spot.A few even have the ceremony while sky-diving or tiding on horseback!The couple may invite hundreds of people or just a few close friends.They choose their own style. of colors，decorations and music during the ceremony.But some things rarely change.The bride usually wears a beautiful，long white wedding dress.She traditionally wears“something old，something new，something borrowed and something blue.’’The groom wears a formal suit.

As the ceremony begins，the groom and his attendants stands with the minister，facing the audience.Music signals the entrance of the bride’S attendants followed by the beautiful bride. Nervously，the young couple repeats their VOWS.Traditionally，they promise to love each other“for better，for worse，for richer，for poorer，in sickness and in health.”But sometimes the cou-ple composes their own VOWS.They give each other a gold ring to symbolize their marriage com-mitment.Finally the minister announces the big moment：“I now pronounce you man and wife.You may kiss your bride!”

At the wedding reception.the bride and groom greet their guests.Then they cut the wedding cake and feed each other a bite.Later the bride throws her bouquet of flowers（花束）to a group of single girls.Tradition says that the one who catches the flower will be the next to marry.After the reception，many couples take a honeymoon，a one-to-two-week vacation trip，to celebrate their new marriage.

American consider marriage as a business deal. 查看材料

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

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