Sex Change Surgery Guidelines DraftedChina is set to issue its first clinical guideline on - 试题答案网问答

第1题

根据以下材料，回答题Issue of Sex ChangeChina is set to 51______ its first clinical guidelin

根据以下材料，回答题

Issue of Sex Change

China is set to 51______ its first clinical guideline on sex-change surgery， according to a notice put on the website of the Ministry of Health yesterday.

The ministry is now soliciting （请求） public and professional opinions on the draft guideline.

The coming guideline aims to regulate and standardize sex reassignment surgery， part of a treatment for gender identity disorder in transsexuals （变性者） .

Experts 52______ nearly 2，000 Chinese have undergone sex-change surgery while 100，000 to

400，000 are still considering it. However， no official number is available. In the draft， the MOH sets 53______ criteria for both surgical candidates and medical institutions.

Candidates for the surgery must be older than 20 and single， the draft guideline said. They are also required to prove a persistent desire for a sex change， to live for at least five consecutive years full-time in the new gender role， and to engage 54______ mental therapy for at least one year.

Before surgery can take place， a candidate must receive a recommendation for the operation from a 55______ after an appropriate series of therapy sessions.

Also， several legal requirements 56______ be met before the procedure.

The candidate must provide proof from police that he or she has does not have any criminal offenses in the past.

Police must also agree to change the sex status on the identity card of the 57______ receiver before the operation can take 58______

The advent of such a guideline 59______ to show that the government is concerned 60______ the needs of a relatively small 61______ of people who want to change sex.

But doctors also warn that all stakeholders （利益相关者）， including the hospital and prospective receivers， should be highly cautious about this surgery.

The operation is more than a medical procedure due 62______ its huge social and legal consequences. Doctors should make it clear to those 63______ sex-change surgeries that the option always remains to continue to live in the original role. The guideline requires surgeons to tell patients about other options 64______ hormone therapy. They are also required to explain the risks involved， and underlying social barriers including discrimination， and administrative recognition and approval.

For the candidates， the surgery itself is not the big issue 65______ the long run. The real issue is the kind of life he or she will have to lead afterward.

回答（51）题查看材料

A.issue

B.provide

C.withdraw

D.bring about

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第2题

The main purpose of the interview can be summarized as to______.A．analyze the current cond

The main purpose of the interview can be summarized as to______.

A．analyze the current conditions of women bosses

B．clarify why women bosses are unpopular

C．help change people"s wrong ideas on women bosses

D．eliminate sex discrimination in working place

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第3题

Fromthethirdparagraphofthepassage，wecanconcludethatyoungadultstendtobelievethatcertaintype

From the third paragraph of the passage，we can conclude that young adults tend to believe that certain types of clothing can___________．[A]change people’s conservative attitudes toward their lifestyles[B]help young people make friends with the opposite sex[C]make them competitive in the job market[D]help them achieve success in their interpersonal relationships

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第4题

阅读材料，回答题。 NanotechnologyMany of the grand challenges of today and the future are

阅读材料，回答题。

Nanotechnology

Many of the grand challenges of today and the future are found in the question: "How are we going to solve the problems and make serious improvements in industrial manufacturing, disease control, environmental pollution control, global climate change, food production, transportation, communication, and others？"

Nanotechnology (纳米技术 ) promises to make revolutionary contributions.Within the next few years we can expect to see major improvements. Here are some possibilities the things to come.Nanotechnology is fundamentally changing the way materials and devices will be produced in the future.

Nanostructures, ceramics, polymers, metals, and other materials will have greatly improved mechanical properties.In fact, with the ability to build things atom-by-atom and molecule-by-molecule there will be new classes of structural materials.Nanotechnology will enable products to be lighter, stronger, smarter, cheaper,cleaner, and more precise.

The ability to synthesize nanoscale budding blocks with precisely controlled size and composition and then to assemble them into larger structures with unique properties and functions will revolutionize segments of the materials manufacturing industry. Nanotechnology is expected to bring about lighter, stronger, and programmable materials ; reductions in life-cycle costs through lower failure rates; innovative devices based on new principles and architectures ; and use of molecular cluster manufacturing.

Nanotechnology will provide new tools for medicine.It could radically change the way surgery is done.It will make it possible to do molecular scale surgery to repair and rearrange cells.Since disease is the result of physical disorder, misarranged molecules and cells, medicine at this level should be able to cure most diseases.

Mutations in DNA could be repaired and cancer cells, toxic chemicals, and viruses could be destroyed through use of medical Nan devices.

Nanotechnology enabled increases in computational power will permit the characterization of macromolecular networks in realistic environments.Such simulations will be essential elements in the development of biocompatible implants and in the drug discovery process. Nanotechnology has the potential to significantly impact energy efficiency, storage, and production, Nanotechnology can change the economics of energy production.

The passage deals mainly with__________. 查看材料

A.grand challenge in manufacturing， medicine and computer industry

B.possibilities of nanotechnology"s contributions in the future

C.great changes caused by nanotechnology

D.practical application of nanotechnology

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第5题

听力原文：In many societies women ere not treated as the equals of men. In some societies w

听力原文： In many societies women ere not treated as the equals of men. In some societies women must always obey the men in their lives. Other societies deny women basic equality in education, in employment, and politics. For example, in Liechtenstein, a small country in Western Europe, woman still do not have the right to vote. In the U.S. discrimination against women perhaps is not as clear as it is in some other parts of the world, but it exists. In 1971, for example, 90% of elementary school teachers were women. However, 80% of elementary school principals were men. In the same year only 7% of American doctors were women,

In the late 1960s, women's organizations began to demand an end to sex discrimination. They were quite successful. Today there are a number of laws that protect the fights of women. The women's organizations are also trying to change people's ideas about woman and about their place in society. This is a very difficult goal. New laws can perhaps change people's behavior, but they cannot always change people's ideas. As a result, the changes in ideas are slower; however, there is evidence that they are taking place.

(30)

A．Women enjoy equal fights in America.

B．Discrimination against women still exists in America.

C．Women should be allowed to vote for their leaders.

D．Women are inferior to men in managing school affairs.

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第6题

Do Patients Trust Doctors Too Much？Earlier this year, the American College of Surgeons, th

Do Patients Trust Doctors Too Much？

Earlier this year, the American College of Surgeons, the national scientific and educational organization of surgeons, conducted a nationwide survey that found that the average patient devotes an hour or less to researching his or her surgery or surgeon. While prospective patients worry about the costs or complications of an operation, they don't necessarily look for information that would address their concerns.

In fact, more than a third of patients who had an operation in the last five years never reviewed the credentials of the surgeon who operated. Patients are more likely to spend time researching a job change (on average, about 10 hours) or a new car (8 hours) than the operation they are about to submit to or the surgeon who wields (支配) the knife. And many patients are satisfied with the answers they receive from their surgeons or primary care doctors, whoever those individuals happen to be.

I felt curious about the survey, so I called Dr. Thomas Russell, executive director of the American College of Surgeons. "There is a tendency for patients not to get particularly involved and not to feel compelled to look into their surgery or surgeons," he told me.

There are consequences to that kind of blind trust. "Today, medicine and surgery are really team sports," Dr. Russell continued, "and the patient, as the ultimate decision maker, is the most important member of the team. Mistakes can happen, and patients have to be educated and must understand what is going on. "

In other words, a healthy doctor-patient relationship does not simply entail good bedside manners and responsible office management on the part of the doctor. It also requires that patients come to the relationship educated about their doctors, their illnesses and their treatment.

"If we are truly going to reform. the health care system in the U. S. ," Dr. Russell said, "everybody has to participate actively and must educate themselves. That means doctors, nurses, other health care professionals, lawyers, pharmaceutical (制的) companies, and insurance companies. But most of all, it means the patient. "

Trust is important. But as Sir Francis Bacon, who was among the first to understand the importance of gathering data in science, once observed, knowledge is power.

According to the author, patients should spend more time

A．researching the American College of Surgeons.

B．researching their surgery or surgeons.

C．researching new cars.

D．researching job changes.

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第7题

A. To observe people's attitude towards strangers.B. To see how people g

A. To observe people's attitude towards strangers.

B. To see how people get along with their friends.

C. To change people's behavior. in social life.

D. To find out how shy people are.

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第8题

In the author's judgment, the ferment going on at Harvard______.A．is a sad symbol of our g

In the author's judgment, the ferment going on at Harvard______.

A．is a sad symbol of our general bewilderment

B．will soon be over, because times are bound to change

C．is of interest mostly to Harvard men and their friends

D．will influence future life in America

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第9题

Task Two—Purpose of advertisement？For questions 18-22, match the extracts with the purpose

Task Two—Purpose of advertisement

？For questions 18-22, match the extracts with the purposes, listed A-H,

？For each extract, choose the purpose of the advertisement.

？Write one letter (A-H) next to the number of the extract.

A to advertise a job

B to launch a new product

C to announce new opening times

D to publicise a sale

E to announce a change in location

F to change the company's image

G to give information about sales figures

H to promote a catalogue

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第10题

第三篇For years doctors have given cancer patients three main treatments: surgery, radiati

第三篇

For years doctors have given cancer patients three main treatments: surgery, radiation and chemotheraphy. Now researchers are developing a fourth weapon: the patient' s own immune system. New vaccines(疫苗)and drugs can stimulate the production of an army of cells and antibodies that kill cancer cells.

Drug-vaccine therapy may be lifesaver for Deerfield man. Few people survive advanced melanoma, but immune therapy is giving Deerfield resident Douglas Parker a fighting chance. The 46-year-old salesman noticed a mole on his chest three and a half years ago that was found to be cancerous. Doctors removed the mole but didn't get all of the cancer. The cancer spread to other parts of his body, including his liver, where a tumor grew as large as a baseball. Parker took interferon and interleukin-2 to boost his immune system's ability to fight the cancer. The tumor shrank but didn't disappear. In au- gust, 1997, surgeons removed it, along with two-thirds of his liver. Last January, doctors discovered a new tumor on Parker's left adrenal gland(肾上腺). He received an ex- perimenta1 cancer vaccine at the University of Chicago Hospitals, but the vaccine did n' t stop the cancer from spreading to his right adrenal gland.

To augment the vaccine, doctors at Lutheran General Hospital gave Parker a new round of interleukin-2 and interferon. The drug-vaccine combination has shrunk the tumors. And while it's too early to pronounce Parker cured, immune therapy may save his life. "I want to do this to help myself as well as other people who have melanoma," he said.

Immune therapy "ultimately will be a significant change in the way we treat a lot of different cancers," said Dr. Jon Richards of Lutheran General Hospital in Park Ridge, who is testing cancer vaccine on melanoma patients. "It will be an equal partner with the other three treatments in the next five to ten years." Several drugs that bolster the immune system have been approved, and vaccines are being tested in dozens of clinical trials, including several in the Chicago area. Many of the experimental vaccines have been tested on patients with advanced melanoma who have little chance of surviving with conventional treatments alone. Researchers also have begun doing work that could lead to vaccines to treat prostate, lung, colon and other cancers.

Immune therapy alone won't cure cancer. But when used after conventional treatments, it could kill cancer cells that survive surgery, radiation or chemotherapy, re- searchers said. Some day, vaccines also might be able to prevent certain cancers. It may be possible to vaccinate against viruses and bacteria that help cause cervical, liver and stomach cancer, the National cancer Institute said.

The "fourth weapon" cures cancer by______.

A. replacing cancerous cells.

B. boosting the immune system.

C. killing cancer cells directly.

D. quickening the reproduction of cell.

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