题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
Two scientists lost their lives during the second eruption of Mount Saint Helens.
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not mentioned
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Reports from China say the Chinese want closer ties between China and the U.S. and Western Europe, A group of top Chinese scientists starts its ten-nation tour next month.
Here is in Miami, the major is still meeting with the leader of the Teacher's Union to try to find a way to end the strike. City schools are still closed after two weeks.
In news about health, scientists in California report findings of a relationship between the drinking of coffee and increase of heart disease among women. According to the report in American Medical Journal, the five-year study shows this: Women who drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than women who do not.
In sports, the Chargers lost again last night. The Wingers had better results. They beat the Rifles 7 to 3. It was their first win in their last five matches.
That's the news of the Hour. And now back to more easy listening with Jane Singer.
To improve the ties between China and the U. S. and Western Europe, China ______.
A．will send a group of Chinese scientists to pay a visit to the U.S. and Western Europe
B．will send some scientists to visit U.S. and the Western Europe
C．has expressed its strong wishes
D．has given many reports to improve the ties
Every animal is a living radiator(散热器) -- heat formed in its cells and given-off through its skin. Warm-blooded animals keep a normal temperature by continuously replacing lost surface heat; smaller animals, which have more skin for every ounce (盎司) of body weight, must produce heat faster than bigger ones. Because small animals burn fuels faster, scientists say they live faster. The speed at which an animal lives is determined by measuring the rate at which it uses oxygen (氧气). A chicken, for example, uses one-half cubic (立方的) centimeters of oxygen every hour for each gram it weighs. Because it uses oxygen eight times as fast, it is said that the mouse is living eight times as fast as the chicken. The smallest of the warm-blooded animal, the humming-bird, lives a hundred times as fast as an elephant. There is a limit to how small a warm-blooded animal can be. A bird that weighs only two and a half grams would starve to death. It would burn up its food too rapidly and would not be able to eat fast enough to supply itself more fuel.
The passage says that every animal is a living radiator because it ______.
A．produces heat in its body cells
B．burns fuel to produce heat
C．sends out heat through its skin
D．takes in oxygen for burning fuel
Albert Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania found from experiments that，“80 percent of the children of two obese(肥胖的) parents become obese，as compared with no more than 14 percent of the offspring of two parents of normal weight．”
How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting？ Well，dieting can be effective，but the health costs are tremendous．Jules Hirsch，a research physician at Rockefeller University，did a study of eight fat people．They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day．After more than10 weeks，the subjects lost 45kg on average．But after leaving the hospital，they all regained．The results were surprising：by metabolic(新陈代谢的) measurement，fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving．They had psychiatric problems．They dreamed of food or breaking their diet．They were anxious and depressed；some were suicidal．They hid food in their rooms．Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn't result in normal weight，but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non-obese people．
Thin people，however，suffer from the opposite：They have to make a great effort to gain weight．Ethan Sims，of the University of Vermont，got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight．In four to six months，they ate as much as they could．They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent．But months after the study ended，they were back to normal weight and stayed there．
This did not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight．It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight．
The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true-each person has a comfortable weight range．The range might be as much as 9kg．Someone might weigh 60-69kg without too much effort．But going above or below the natural weight range is difficult．The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks．
The first paragraph tells us that our weight is determined by
A．our genes．
B．our work habits．
C．our eating habits．
D．our life style．
Every animal is a living radiator-heat formed in its cells is given 【M1】______
through its skin. Warm-blooded animals maintain a steady temperature
by constantly replacement lost surface heat; similar animals, which have more 【M2】______
skin for every ounce of body weight, must produce heat faster than bigger
one. Because smaller animals burn fuel faster, scientists say they live faster. 【M3】______
The speed by which an animal lives is determined by measuring the rate at 【M4】______
which it uses oxygen. A chicken, for example, uses one-half cube centimeter 【M5】______
of oxygen every hour for each gram it weighs. The tiny shrew uses four cubic
centimeters of oxygen every hour for each gram it weighs. Because of it uses 【M6】______
oxygen eight times as fast, it was said that the mouselike shrew is living eight 【M7】______
times as fast as the chicken. The smallest of the warm-blooded creatures, the
humming bird, lives a hundred times as fast as an elephant.
There is no limit to how small a warm-blooded animal can be. A mammal or 【M8】______
bird that weighed only two and a half grams would starve to dead. It would 【M9】______
burn up its food too rapidly and would not be able to eat faster enough to supply 【M10】______
more fuel.
【M1】
Research experience is an essential element of hiring and promotion at the research university because it is the emphasis on research that distinguishes such a university from an arts college. Some professors, however, neglect teaching for research, and that presents a problem.
Most research universities reward outstanding teaching, but the greatest recognition is usually given for achievements in research. Part of the reason is the difficulty of judging teaching. A highly responsible and tough professor is usually appreciated by top students who want to be challenged, but disliked by those whose records are less impressive. The mild professor gets overall ratings that are usually high, but there is a sense of disappointment on the part of the best students, exactly those for whom the system should present the greatest challenges. Thus, a university trying to promote professors primarily on the basis of teaching qualities would have to confront this confusion.
As modern science moves faster, two forces are exerted on professors: one is the time needed to keep up with the profession; the other is the time needed to teach. The training of new scientists requires outstanding teaching at the research university as well as the arts college. Although scientists are usually "made" in the elementary schools, scientists can be "lost" by poor teaching at the college and graduate school levels. The solution is not to separate teaching and research, but to recognize that the combination is difficult but vital. The title of professor should be given only to those who profess, and it is perhaps time for universities to reserve it for those willing to be an earnest part of the community of scholars. Professors unwilling to teach can be called "distinguished research investigators," or something else.
The pace of modern science makes it increasingly difficult to be a great researcher and great teacher. Yet many are described in just those terms. Those who say we can separate teaching and research simple do not understand the system, but those who say the problem will disappear are not fulfilling their responsibilities.
What idea does the author want to convey in the first paragraph？
A．It is wrong to overestimate the importance of teaching.
B．Teaching and research are contradictory to each other.
C．Research can never be emphasized too much.
D．The relationship between teaching and research should not be simplified.
Research experience is an essential element of hiring and promotion at the research university because it is the emphasis on research that distinguishes such a university from an arts college. Some professors, however, neglect teaching for research, and that presents a problem.
Most research universities reward outstanding teaching, but the greatest recognition is usually given for achievements in research. Part of the reason is the difficulty of judging teaching. A highly responsible and tough professor is usually appreciated by top students who want to be challenged, but disliked by those whose records are less impressive. The mild professor gets overall ratings that are usually high, but there is a sense of disappointment on the part of the best students, exactly those for whom the system should present the greatest challenges. Thus, a university trying to promote professors primarily on the basis of teaching qualities would have to confront this confusion.
As modem science moves faster, two forces are exerted on professors: one is the time needed to keep up with the profession; the other is the time needed to teach. The training of new scientists re quires outstanding teaching at the research university as well as the arts college. Although scientists are usually "made" in the elementary schools, scientists can be "lost" by poor teaching at the college and graduate school levels. The solution is not to separate teaching and research, but to recognize that the combination is difficult but vital. The title of professor should be given only to those who profess, and it is perhaps time for universities to reserve it for those willing to be an earnest part of the community of scholars. Professors unwilling to teach can be called "distinguished research investigators, "or something else.
The pace of modem science makes it increasingly difficult to be a great researcher and great teacher. Yet many are described in just those terms. Those who say we can separate teaching and re search simply do not understand the system, but those who say the problem will disappear are not fulfilling their responsibilities.
What idea does the author want to convey in the first paragraph？
A．It is wrong to overestimate the importance of teaching.
B．Teaching and research are contradictory to each other.
C．Research can never be emphasized too much.
D．The relationship between teaching and research should not be simplified.
This would____________(证明非常有益) to a person who may have lost a body organ such as a kidney, scientists could clone that particular organ for the individual, which, in the long run, would work better than a transplant organ.
Doubtful Ways to Reduce and Increase Your Weight
You hear this: "No wonder you are fat. All you ever do is eat." You feel sad: "I skip my breakfast and Supper. I run every morning and evening. What else can I do？" Basically you can do nothing. Your genes, not your life habits, determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it.
Albert Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania found from experiments that, "80 percent of the children of two obese (肥胖的) parents become obese, as compared with no more than 14 percent of the offspring of two parents of normal weight."
How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting？ Well, dieting can be effective, but the health costs are tremendous. Jules Hirsch, a research physician at Rockefeller University, did a study of eight fat people. They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day. After more than 10 weeks, the subjects lost 45kg on average. But after leaving the hospital, they all regained weight. The results were surprising: by metabolic (新拜代谢的) measurement, fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving. They had psychiatric problems. They dreamed of food or breaking their diet. They were anxious and depressed; some were suicidal. They hid food in their rooms. Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn't result in normal weight, but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non-obese people.
Thin people, however, suffer from the opposite: They have to make a great effort to gain weight. Ethan Sims, of the University of Vermont, got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight. In four to six months, they ate as much as they could. They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent. But months after the study ended, they were back to normal weight and stayed there.
This does not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight. It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight.
The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true - each person has a comfortable weight range. The range might be as much as 9kg. Someone might weigh 60-69kg without too much effort. But going above or below the natural weight range is difficult. The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks.
What determines your weight？
A．Your working manner.
B．Your eating habit,
C．Your life style.
D．Your genes.
_________, a friend of Mrs. Black found the watch she had lost two days before.
A．Especially
B．Usually
C．Generally
D．Fortunately
The best way to reduce your weight
You hear this：“No Wonder you are fat．An you ever do is eat．”You feel sad：“I skip my breakfast and supper.I run every morning and evening．What else can I do？”Basically you can do nothing．Your genes，not your life habits，determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it．
Albert Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania found from experiments that.“80 percent of the Children of two obese parents become obese，as compared with no more than 14 percent of the offspring of two parents of normal weight．”
How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting？Well,dieting can be effective.but the health costs are tremendous．Jules Hirsch，a research physician at Rockefeller University,did a study of eight fat people．They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a dayl．After more than 10 weeks，the subjects lost 45kg on average．But after leaving the hospital．they au regained.The results were surprising：by metabolic measurement，fat people who lost large amounts ofweight seemed like they were starving．They had psychiatric problems．They dreamed of food or breaking their diet2．They were anxious and depressed；some were suicidal．They hid food in their rooms．Researchers warm that it is possible that weight reduction doesn’t result in normal weight，but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non-obese people．
Thin people，however，suffer from the opposite：They have to make a great effort to gain weight．Ethan Sims，of the University of Vermont，got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight．In four to six months，they ate as much as they could．They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent．But months after the study ended，they were back to normal weight and stayed there．
This did not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight．It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight．
The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true—each person has a comfortable weight range3．The range might be as much as 9kg．Someone might weigh 60—69kg without too much effort But going above of below the natural weight range is difficult．The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks．
第 41 题 What determines your weight？
A．Your working manner．
B．Your eating habit．
C．Your life style．
D．Your genes．
