Prior to the 20th century, many languages with small numbers of speakers survived for cent - 试题答案网问答

第1题

听力原文：People with disabilities comprise a large part of the population. It is estimated

听力原文： People with disabilities comprise a large part of the population. It is estimated that over 35 million Americans have physical, mental, or other disabilities. About half of these disabilities are "developmental", i.e., they occur prior to the individual's 22nd birthday, often from genetic conditions, and are severe enough to affect three or more areas of development, such as mobility, communication, employment, etc. Most of the other disabilities are considered "adventitious", i.e., accidental or caused by outside forces.

Prior to the 20th century, only a small percentage of people with disabilities survived for long. Medical treatment for these disabilities was unavailable. Advancements in medicine and social services have created a climate in which people with disabilities can expect to have such basic needs as food, shelter, and medical treatment. Unfortunately, these basics are often not available. Civil liberties such as the right to vote, the right to get an education, and the right to gain employment have historically been denied on the basis of disability.

In recent decades, the disability rights movement has been organized to fight against these infringements of civil rights. Congress responded by passing major legislation recognizing people with disabilities as a protected class under civil rights laws.

Still today, people with disabilities must fight to live their lives independently. It is estimated that more than half of qualified American disabled people are unemployed and a majority of those who do work are underemployed. About two-thirds live at or below the official poverty level.

Significant barriers, especially in transportation and public awareness, prevent disabled people from taking part in society. For example, while no longer prohibited by law from marrying, a person with no access to transportation is effectively excluded from community and social activities which might lead to the development of long-term relationships.

It will only be when public attitudes advance as far as laws have that disabled people will be fully able to take their rightful place in society.

(30)

A．Prior to the individual's 20th birthday.

B．Prior to the individual's 2nd birthday.

C．Prior to the individual's 22nd birthday.

D．Prior to the individual's 23rd birthday.

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第2题

Questions are based on the following passage. Prior to the 20th century， many languages

Questions are based on the following passage.

Prior to the 20th century， many languages with small numbers of speakers survivedfor centuries. The increasingly interconnected modern world makes it much moredifficult for small language communities to live in relative isolation， a key factor inlanguage maintenance and preservation.

It remains to be seen whether the world can maintain its linguistic and culturaldiversity in the centuries ahead. Many powerful forces appear to work against it:population growth， which pushes migrant populations into the world"s last isolatedlocations; mass tourism; global telecommunications and mass media; and the spread ofgigantic global corporations. All of these forces appear to signify a future in which thelanguage of advertising， popular culture， and consumer products become similar. AlreadyEnglish and a few other major tongues have emerged as global languages of commerceand communication. For many of the world"s peoples， learning one of these languages isviewed as the key to education， economic opportunity， and a better way of life.

Only about 3，000 languages now in use are expected to survive the coming century.

Are most of the rest doomed in the century after that？ Whether most of these languagessurvive will probably depend on how strongly cultural groups wish to keep their identityalive through a native language. To do so will require an emphasis on bilingualism（mastery of two languages）. Bilingual speakers could use their own language in smallerspheres —— at home， among friends， in community settings —— and a global language atwork， in dealings with government， and in commercial spheres. In this way， many smalllanguages could sustain their cultural and linguistic integrity alongside global languages，rather than yield to the homogenising （同化的） forces of globalisation.

Ironically， the trend of technological innovation that has threatened minoritylanguages could also help save them. For example， some experts predict that computersoftware translation tools will one day permit minority language speakers to browse theInternet using their native tongues. Linguists are currently using computer-aided learningtools to teach a variety of threatened languages.

According to the passage， minority languages can be best preserved ___________. 查看材料

A.in the interconnected modern world

B.in relatively isolated language communities

C.if cultural groups wish to keep their native languages

D.if minority language speakers insist on using their own languages

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第3题

People with disabilities comprise a large part of the population. （残障人士占有人口的

People with disabilities comprise a large part of the population. (残障人士占有人口的大部分比例。)It is estimated that over 35 million Americans have physical, mental, or other disabilities. About half of these disabilities are "developmental", i.e., they occur prior to the individual's twenty-second birthday, often from genetic conditions, and are severe enough to affect three or more areas of development, such as mobility, communication, employment, etc. Most other disabilities are considered "adventitious", i.e., accidental or caused by outside forces.

Prior to the 20th century, only a small percentage of people with disabilities survived for long. Medical treatment for these disabilities was unavailable. Advancements in medicine and social services have created a climate in which people with disabilities can expect to have such basic needs as food, shelter, and medical treatment. Unfortunately, these basics are often not available. Civil liberties such as the right to vote, marry, get an education, and gain employment have historically been denied on the basis of disability.

In recent decades, the disability rights movement has been organized to fight against these infringements of civil rights. Congress responded by passing major legislation recognizing people with disabilities as a protected class under civil rights statutes. Still today, people with disabilities must fight to live their lives independently. It is estimated that more than half of qualified Americans with disabilities are unemployed, and a majority of those who do work are underemployed. About two-thirds live at or below the official poverty level.

Significant barriers, especially in transportation and public awareness, prevent disabled people from taking part in society. For example, while no longer prohibited by law from marrying, a person with no access to transportation is effectively excluded from community and social activities, which might lead to the development of long-term relationships. It will only be when public attitudes advance as far as laws have that disabled people will be fully able to take their rightful place in society.

1.A "developmental" disability ______.

A.develops very slowly over time

B.is caused by outside forces

C.occurs in youth and affects development

D.is getting more and more severe

2.Most disabled people used to die early because ______.

A.disabilities destroyed major bodily functions

B.they could not receive medical care

C.they were not very well looked after

D.they were too poor to get proper treatment

3.What are the two important obstacles that stop the disabled from participating in the society？

A.Public awareness and poverty

B.Poverty and lack of medical treatment

C.Lack of education and the right to vote

D.Transport and public awareness

4.In the author's opinion, to enable the disabled people to take their rightful place in society, ______.

A.more laws should be passed

B.more public facilities should be set up

C.government should provide more aids

D.public attitudes should be changed

5.The best title for this passage might be ______.

A.The difficulties of the Disabled

B.Handicaps of People with Disabilities

C.The Causes for Disabilities

D.Medical Treatments for Disabilities

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第4题

Transportation in the U.S.Railroads are paths of parallel metal rails that allow a wheeled

Transportation in the U.S.

Railroads are paths of parallel metal rails that allow a wheeled vehicle to move more easily by reducing friction. Iron mils were first used in the early 1800s to guide horse-drawn wagons. After the invention of the steam locomotive (机车) in 1804, steam engines replaced horses as the primary means of power. Modem locomotives commonly use electric motors or diesel (柴油机) engines and pull long trains of passenger or freight (货物) ears. The benefits of rail transportation in both speed and carrying capacity made it superior to other methods of transportation in the 1800s. In the United States and Canada, with their vast expanses of territory, the railroad became a major means of cross-country transportation. In many countries, rail continues to be the main mode of passenger travel. In Europe and Japan, major cities axe connected by high-speed passenger trains, such as the French TGV (Train Grande Vitesse) and the Japanese Shinkansen (新干线) trains, popularly known as bullet trains (高速火车). The Shinkansen train can reach speeds of 300 km/h (186 mph). Railroads have had a profound impact on civilization. Most importantly, the efficiency and speed of mil travel allow a nation's population, industry, and agriculture to be established throughout that nation's territory, even in previously remote areas. Rail transportation has also played a significant role in urban transportation systems.

Motor vehicles make up a broad class of self-propelled (机动式的) land-transportation devices that generally use internal-combustion engines (内燃机) and gasoline or diesel fuel for power. Most motor vehicles are designed to travel on roads, but specialized vehicles with more solid construction are used for off-road travel over irregular ground. Motor vehicles range from motorcycles and automobiles for personal use to trucks, which can transport large amounts of cargo, and buses, which can carry many passengers. The first self-propelled vehicle was powered by steam. French engineer Nicholas-Joseph Cugnot built a steam-propelled vehicle in 1769. Between 1860 and 1890, innovations in steam-engine technology led to more steam-powered vehicles, primarily in France. At the beginning of the 20th century, gasoline powered automobiles began to emerge as the dominant form. of motor vehicle. Automobiles and other motor vehicles grew especially popular in the United States. From a relatively modest number in 1900, the number of motor vehicles in the United States reached 458,500 by 1910 and 6.2 million by 1918. At the end of the 20th century, over 130 million automobiles, 69 million light trucks, and 1.2 million heavy trucks were in use in the United States, being driven an estimated 4.5 trillion km (2.8 trillion mi) per year. The heavy truck, which first came into mass production just prior to World War Ⅰ (1914-1918), has become a major means of moving freight. It is a major competitor with railroads for freight business. The bus was developed in response to the apparent popularity of tiding in motor vehicles. In many nations buses are a major form. of urban and intercity passenger transportation. The motorcycle is one of the most abundant forms of individual urban transportation in the world today. The growth of motorcycle or motorbike use has been especially large in Asian cities, where motorcycles provide a means of bypassing crowded automobile traffic. One of the few motor vehicles that do not use wheels is the snowmobile, which uses a drive track (made of a belt of robber) and a pair of skis to move through snow. Although used for basic transportation in areas with heavy winter snows, the snowmobile is mostly used as a recreational vehicle. Over 200,000 snowmobiles are sold annually in the United States, Canada, and Europe.

Air travel has revolutionized global transportation by dramatically reducing the time needed to travel great distances. Journeys across nations or oceans that might have taken

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

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第5题

Radio and TelevisionRadio and television were major agents of social change in the 20th ce

Radio and Television

Radio and television were major agents of social change in the 20th century. Radio was once the center for family entertainment and news and television enhanced this revolution by adding sight to sound. Both opened the windows to other lives, to remote areas of the world, and to history in the making. News coverage changed from early and late editions of newspapers to broadcast coverage from the scene. Play-by-play sports broadcasts and live concerts enhanced entertainment coverage. For many, the only cultural performances or sports events they would ever hear or see would come from the speakers or the screens in their living rooms. Each has engaged millions of people in the major historical events that have shaped the world.

If people could look at the sky and see how it is organized into frequency" bands used for different purposes, they would be amazed. Radio waves crisscross (十字形) the atmosphere at the speed of tight, delivering incredible amounts of information—navigational data, radio signals, television pictures—using devices for transmission and reception designed, built, and refined by a century of engineers.

Key figures in the late 1800s included Nikola Tesla, who developed the Tesla coil, and James Clerk Maxwell and Heinrich Hertz, who proved mathematically the possibility of transmitting electromagnetic signals between widely separated points. It was Guglielmo Marconi who was most responsible for taking the theories of radio waves out of the laboratory and applying them to practical devices. His "wireless" telegraph demonstrated its great potential for worldwide communication in 1901 by sending a signal—the letter "s"—in Morse code a distance of 2 000 miles across the Atlantic Ocean. Radio technology was just around the comer.

Immediate engineering challenges addressed the means of transmitting and receiving coded messages, and developing a device that could convert a high-frequency oscillating (振荡的) signal into an electric current capable of registering as sound. The first significant development was "the Edison effect", the discovery that the carbon filament (灯丝) in the electric light bulb could send out a stream of electrons to a nearby test electrode if it had a positive charge. In 1904, Sir John Ambrose Fleming of Britain took this one step further by developing the diode (二极管) which allowed electric current to be detected by a telephone receiver. Two years later, American Lee De Forest developed the triode (三极管), introducing a third electrode (the grid) between the filament and the plate. It could amplify a signal to make live voice broadcasting possible, and was quickly added to Marconi's wireless telegraph to produce the radio.

Radio development was prevented by restrictions placed on airwaves during World War I. Technical limitations were also a problem. Few people had receivers, and those that did had to wear headphones. Radio was seen by many as a hobby for telegraphy fans. It would take a great deal of engineering before the radio would become the unifying symbol of family entertainment and the medium for news that was its destiny.

In the mid-1920s, technical developments expanded transmission distances, radio stations were built across the country, and the performance and appearance of the radio were improved. With tuning circuits, capacitors, microphones, oscillators, and loudspeakers, the industry blossomed in just a decade. By the mid-1930s almost every American household had a radio. The appearance of the transistor in the 1950s completely transformed its size, style, and portability.

Both television and radar were logical byproducts of the radio. Almost 50 years before television became a reality, its fundamental principles had been independently developed in Europe, Russia, and the United States. John Baird in England and Charles Jenkins in the United States worked indepen

A．whether they can broadcast cultural performances

B．whether they may attract millions of people in the great historical events

C．whether they open the windows to remote areas of the world

D．whether they may offer sights to the people

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第6题

Aspirin was invented in ______.A．the 20th centuryB．the 19th centuryC．ancient GreeceD．ancie

Aspirin was invented in ______.

A．the 20th century

B．the 19th century

C．ancient Greece

D．ancient Germany

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第7题

There was no violations of accademic freedom in U.S. in 20th century.A．YB．NC．NG

There was no violations of accademic freedom in U.S. in 20th century.

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

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第8题

A．In 1829.B．In 1905.C．In 1816.D．At the beginning of the 20th century.

A．In 1829.

B．In 1905.

C．In 1816.

D．At the beginning of the 20th century.

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第9题

By the late 20th century, Americans no longer took marriage seriously.A．YB．NC．NG

By the late 20th century, Americans no longer took marriage seriously.

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

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第10题

What is scheduled for April 20th？A．A book DeadlineB．A managers' meetingC．A meeting in Atla

What is scheduled for April 20th？

A．A book Deadline

B．A managers' meeting

C．A meeting in Atlanta

D．An appointment with Dr. Lin

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