Too many debts in a company easily ___ bankruptcy.
A.result from
B.result on
C.result in
A.result from
B.result on
C.result in
The second main reason for their unhappiness is that ______.
A.they have been working in a company for too long
B.they are not permitted to change a job
C.they have no other way out than keep working
D.they have to work on to pay off their debts
Cruise Star didn't buy a share in Gentle Waves______
A.but they might do so in the future.
B.because its debts were too big.
C.but they think they should have done.
D.because it was the wrong size.
Cruise Star didn't buy a share in Gentle Waves ______
A.but they might do so in the future.
B.because its debts were too big.
C.but they think they should have done.
D.because it was the wrong size.
Why does the author call this article "Conquest by Patents"?
A.Because most trade agreements are unfair to developing nations
B.Because patents cost too much money for developing nations
C.Because industrialized countries do not pay their debts to developing nations
D.Because natural resources are a source of power for developing nations
The Dollar in World Markets{Page}
According to a leading German banker, the U.S dollar is "the most frequently discussed economic phenomenon of our times'. He adds, "the dollar's. exchange rate is at present the most important price in the world, economy."Because the dollar acts as. a world currency,________(1). The central banks of many countries hold huge reserves of dollars, and over half of all world trade is priced in terms of dollars. Any shift in the dollar's exchange rate will benefit some and hurt, others. Some people suggest, therefore, _______ (2).
The dollar's exchange rate has been too volatile(反复无常的) and unpredictable. Several years ago the dollar was rapidly declining in value.This made it __ (3). The rise in the price of foreign goods made it possible for U. S. businesses to raise the price of competing foods produced here,thus worsening inflation. Foreigners who dealt in dollars or who held dollars as reserves were hurt. People in the United States who had borrowed foreign currencies found that they had to pay back more than they. borrowed_______ (4). The United States lost face in the eyes of the rest of the world.
The dollar went soaring upward, and the situation was reversed.The United States exporters found it hard to sell abroad because foreigners would have to pay more for U. S. dollars. People in the United States now bought the relatively cheaper foreign goods, and U.S.manufacturers complained that they could not compete: Job losses were often blamed on the "overvalued" dollar. Poor nations __ (5) found it difficult to repay both the loans and the interest because they had to use more and more of their own currencies to obtain dollars. The solution to this problem is to end the system of floating exchange rates(浮动汇率) and return to fixed rates. We might even return to the gold standard (金本位).
Fixed exchange rates did not work in the past. Currency values should be determined by market conditions. A drop in the exchange value of a nation's currency means that it is importing too much,that it is too inefficient to compete in world markets, that it is permitting a high rate of inflation which makes its goods too expensive, that it is going too deeply in debts, or that others have lost confidence in the nations stability. A nation should bring its exchange rate back up by addressing (处理,关注) these problems, not by interfering with the money market.
A.its value affects many nations
B.that the dollar's value should be more tightly controlled
C.difficult for Americans to purchase foreign goods and services
D.that had borrowed dollars
E.because the declining dollar would buy fewer units of the foreign money
F.although the basic purpose of dollars is to provide positive influence on the world markets
第 46 题
请选择(1)处的最佳答案.
Training to become a barrister or solicitor is a competitive job because______.
A.it has relatively equal chances for lawyers from different backgrounds
B.the expensive cost of training makes many students stop at the door
C.students have to support themselves by hard work to pay tuition fees
D.there are enormous debts on the way to be a barrister or solicitor
Origins of Money and of Banking
What Is Money?
It is almost impossible to define money in terms of its physical form. or properties since these are so diverse. Therefore any definition must be based on its functions.
Money is anything that is widely used for making payments and accounting for debts and credits.
Causes of the Development of Money
One of the most important improvements over the simplest forms of early barter was the tendency to select one or two items in preference to others so that the preferred items became partly accepted because of their qualities in acting as media of exchange. Commodities were chosen as preferred barter items for a number of reasons--some because they were conveniently and easily stored, some because they had high value densities and were easily portable, and some because they were durable. These commodities, being widely desired, would be easy to exchange for others and therefore they came to be accepted as money.
Many societies had laws requiring compensation in some form. for crimes of violence, instead of the old Testament approach of "an eye for an eye". A similarly widespread custom was payment for brides in order to compensate the head of the family for the loss of a daughter's services. Rulers have since very ancient times imposed taxes on or exacted (强求)tribute(贡物) from their subjects. Religious obligations might also entail payment of tribute or sacrifices of some kind. Thus in many societies there was a requirement for a means of payment for blood-money, bride-money, tax or tribute and this gave a great impetus(促进)to the spread of money.
Objects originally accepted for one purpose were often found to be useful for other non-economic purposes and, because of their growing acceptability began to be used for general trading also, supplementing or replacing barter.
Primitive Forms of Money
The use of primitive forms of money in the Third World and North America is more recent and better documented than in Europe and its study sheds light on the probable origins of modern money. Among the topics treated are the use of wampum(贝壳)and the custom of the potlatch or competitive gift exchange in North America, disc-shaped stones in Yap, cowrie shells over much of Africa and Asia, cattle, manillas and whales teeth.
In Fijian(斐济) society gifts of whales teeth were (and in certain cases still are) a significant feature of certain ceremonies. One of their uses was as bride-money, with a symbolic meaning similar to that of the engagement ring in Western society. Whales teeth were "tambua" (from which our word "taboo" comes) meaning that they had religious significance, as did the fei stones of Yap which were still being used as money as recently as the mid 1960s.
The Invention of Banking and Coinage
The invention of banking preceded (先于)that of coinage. Banking originated in Ancient Mesopotamia where the royal palaces and temples provided secure places for the safe-keeping of grain and other commodities. Receipts came to be used for transfers not only to the original depositors but also to third parties. Eventually private houses in Mesopotamia also got involved in these banking operations and laws regulating them were included in the code of Hammurabi.
In Egypt too the centralization of harvests in state warehouses also led to the development of a system of banking. Written orders for the withdrawal of separate lots of grain by owners whose crops had been deposited there for safety and convenience, or which had been compulsorily deposited to the credit of the king, soon became used as a more general method of payment of debts to other persons including tax gatherers, ]priests and traders. Even after the introduction of coinage these Egyptian grain banks served to reduce the need for precious metals which tended to
A.Y
B.N
C.NG
A.Because there is only one phone in the ward.
B.Because too many calls will disturb the patients.
C.Because too many calls will make the lines congested.
D.Because too many calls will annoy the doctors.
Many of the projects in Europe are not successful because
A.they occupy too much space.
B.their windmills are too small.
C.they involve too many computers.
D.they are of large scales.
Many people gain weight due to the fact that the human body is too efficient.
A.Y
B.N
C.NG