Is Brain Death a Real Death? Suppose a man has a car accident. He is hurt badly and is unc - 试题答案网问答

第1题

What Is Death？ People in the past did not question the difference between life and de

What Is Death？

People in the past did not question the difference between life and death. They could see that a person died when his heart stopped beating. People have learned, however, that the body does not die immediately when the heart stops beating. They discovered that we remain alive as long as our brain remains active. Today the difference between life and death is not as easy to see as in the past. Modern medical devices can keep the heart beating and the lungs breathing long after the brain stops. But is this life？

This question has caused much debate among citizens in the United States. Many of them want a law that says a person is dead when the brain dies. A person should be considered dead when brain waves stop even if machines can keep the body alive. Such a law would permit doctors to speed removal (切除) of undiseased (没病的) organs for transplant (移植) operations.

The brain is made of thousands of millions of nerve cells. These cells send and receive millions of chemical and electrical messages every day. In this way the brain controls the other body activities. Nerve-cell experts say it is usually easy to tell when the brain has died. They put small electrodes (电极) on a person's skull (头骨) to measure the electrical signals that pass in and out of the brain. These brain waves are recorded on a television screen or on paper. The waves move up and down every time the brain receives messages from the nerve cells. The brain is dead when the waves stop moving.

Although there are people who oppose the idea of a law on brain block for various reasons, the idea of brain wave activity as a test of death is slowly being accepted.

第 31 题 People in the past held that the difference between life and death

A．did not exist.

B．was easy to tell.

C．lay in the brain.

D．was open to debate.

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第2题

According to the WHO, the organisms carried by mosquitoes __________. A) are the f

According to the WHO, the organisms carried by mosquitoes __________.

A) are the food for larvae

B) have led to the death of millions of people in the world

C) invade red blood cells first and then destroy major organs

D) can enter a person’s brain through the mosquito’s bite

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第3题

What Is Death？People in the past did not question the difference between life and death. T

What Is Death？

People in the past did not question the difference between life and death. They could see that a person died when his heart stopped beating. People have learned, however, that the body does not die immediately when the heart stops beating. They discovered that we remain alive as long as our brain remains active. Today the difference between life and death is not as easy to see as in the past. Modern medical devices can keep the heart beating and the lungs breathing long after the brain stops. But is this life？

This question has caused much debate among citizens in the United States. Many of them want a law that says a person is dead when the brain dies. A person should be considered dead when brain waves stop even if machines can keep the body alive. Such a law would permit doctors to speed removal (切除) of undiseased (没病的) organs for transplant (移植) operations.

The brain is made of thousands of millions of nerve cells. These cells send and receive millions of chemical and electrical messages every day. In this way the brain controls the other body activities. Nerve-cell experts say it usually is easy to tell when the brain has died. They put small electrodes (电极) on a person's skull (头骨) to measure the electrical signals that pass in and out of the brain. These brain waves are recorded on a television screen or on paper. The waves move up and down every time the brain receives messages from the nerve cells. The brain is dead when the waves stop moving.

Although there are people who oppose the idea of a law on brain block for variouis reasons, the idea of brain wave activity as a test of death is slowly being accepted.

People in the past held that the difference between life and death______.

A．was easy to tell

B．did not exist

C．lay in the brain

D．was open to debate

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第4题

第4部分：阅读理解（第31—45题，每题3分，共45分) 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后

第4部分：阅读理解(第31—45题，每题3分，共45分) 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

第一篇：

What Is Death？

People in the past did not question the difference between life and death. They could see that a person died when his heart stopped beating. People have learned, however, that the body does not die immediately when the heart stops beating. They discovered that we remain alive as long as our brain remains active. Today the difference between life and death is not as easy to see as in the past. Modern medical devices can keep the heart beating and the lungs breathing long after the brain stops. But is this life？

This question has caused much debate among citizens in the United States. Many of them want a law that says a person is dead when the brain dies. A person should be considered dead when brain waves stop even if machines can keep the body alive. Such a law would permit doctors to speed removal(切除) of undiseased(没病的)organs for transplant(移植) operations.

The brain is made of thousands of millions of nerve cells. These cells send and receive millions of chemical and electrical messages every day. In this way the brain controls the other body activities. Nerve-cell experts say it usually is easy to tell when the brain has died. They put small electrodes(电极) on a person’s skull (头骨) to measure the electrical signals that pass in and out of the brain. These brain waves are recorded on a television screen or on paper. The waves move up and down every time the brain receives messages from the nerve cells. The brain is dead when the waves stop moving.

Although there are people who oppose the idea of a law on brain block for variouis reasons, the idea of brain wave activity as a test of death is slowly being accepted.

第31题：People in the past held that the difference between life and death

A.was easy to tell.

B.did not exist.

C.lay in the brain.

D.was open to debate.

点击查看答案

第5题

请根据短文的内容，回答题。 Easy DeathIn ancient Greek, the term euthanatos meant "easy

请根据短文的内容，回答题。

Easy Death

In ancient Greek, the term euthanatos meant "easy death". Today euthanasia (安乐死)generally refers to mercy killing, the voluntary (自愿) ending of the life of someone who is terminally ill. Like abortion, euthanasia has become a legal, medical, and moral issue over which opinion is divided.＜br＞

Euthanasia can be either active or passive. Active euthanasia means that a physician or other medical personnel takes an action that will result in death, such as giving an overdose of deadly medicine. Passive euthanasia means letting a patient die for lack of treatment, or stopping the treatment that has begun. Examples of passive euthanasia include taking patients off a breathing machine or removing other life-support systems. Stopping the food supply is also considered passive.＜br＞

A good deal of the debate about mercy killing originates from the decision-making process.＜br＞

Who decides whether a patient is to die？ This issue has not been solved legally in the United States.＜br＞

The matter is left to state law, which usually allows the physician in charge to suggest the option of death to a patient&39;s relatives, especially if the patient is brain dead. In an attempt to make decisions about when their own lives should end, several terminally ill patients in the early 1990s used a controversial suicide device, developed by Dr. Jack Kevorkian, to end their lives.＜br＞

In parts of Europe, the decision-making process has become very flexible. Even in cases where the patients are not brain dead, patients have been put to death without their approval at the request of relatives or at the suggestion of physicians. Many cases of passive euthanasia involve old people or newbom infants. The principle justifying this practice is that such individuals have a "life not worthy of life".＜br＞

In countries where passive euthanasia is not legal, the court systems have proved very tolerant in dealing with medical personnel who practice it. In Japan, for example, if physicians follow certain guidelines they may actively carry out mercy killings on hopelessly ill people. Courts have also been somewhat tolerant of friends or relatives who have assisted terminally ill patients to die.

A terminally ill patient is one who __________. 查看材料

A.gets worse every day

B.can never get well again

C.is very seriously ill in the end

D.is too ill to want to live on

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第6题

A 80-year old man from Cincinnati in America is making legal history by suing doctors who

saved his wife. Edward Winter has witnessed his wife' s death from a 【21】______ attack. The doctors had tried to restart her heart with an electric 【22】______ with remarkable success, but leaving her brain 【23】______ . Her death was a long and 【24】______ experience, which he did not want to go through himself. After she died he asked his doctor 【25】______ to save him in 【26】______ circumstances, but instead to let him die 【27】______ .

While out visiting in May 1988, Mr. Winter 【28】______ the heart attack, which he was treated, and was rushed to St Franc' is hospital in Cincinnati. The doctor who 【29】______ him wrote down on his chart that he was not to be 【30】______ but the duty nurse was not informed of Mr. Winter's 【31】______ . The nurse took the usual 【32】______ action and tried to revive him with an electric shock. His life was saved 【33】______ the treatment was not completely successful. Since then he 【34】______ stay in a nursing home, partially 【35】______ and barely able to speak without weeping. Though there is 【36】______ hope of improvement in his condition, doctors say he could 【37】______ many more years. The hospital 【38】______ his story, arguing that the injury suffered by Mr. Winter is the 【39】______ of an act of God and they 【40】______ him over $ 60,000 for saving his life.

【21】

A．heart

B．liver

C．brain

D．nerves

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第7题

Science and Truth "FINAGLE" is not a word that most people associate with science. One rea

Science and Truth

"FINAGLE" is not a word that most people associate with science. One reason is that the image of the scientist is of one who always collects data in an impartial(51)for truth. In any debate - over intelligence, schooling, energy-the(51)"science says" usually disarms opposition.

But scientists have long acknowledged the existence of a "finagle factor"—a tendency by many scientists to give a helpful change to the data to(53)desired results. The latest of the finagle factor in action comes from Stephen Jay Gould, a Harvard biologist,(54)has examined the important 19th century work of Dr. Samuel George Morton. Morton was famous in his time(55)analysing the brain size of the skulls as a measure of intelligence. He concluded that whites had the(56)brains, that the brains of Indians and Blacks were smaller, and therefore, that whites constitute a superior race.

Gould went back to Morton's original data and concluded that the(57)were an example of the finagle at work. He found that Morton's "discovery" was made by leaving out embarrassing data, using incorrect procedures, making simple arithmetical(58)(always in his favour) and changing his criteria-again, always in favour of his argument. Morton has been thoroughly discredited by now and scientists do not believe that brain size reflects(59).

But Gould went on to say Morton's story is only an example of a common problem in(60)work. Some of the leading figures in science are believed to have(61)the finagle factor. Gould says that Isaac Newton fudged out to support at least three central statements that he could not prove. And so(62)Claudius Ptolemy, the Greek astronomer, whose master work, Almagest, summed up the case for a solar system that had the earth as its centre. Recent studies indicate that Ptolemy(63)faked some key data or resorted heavily to the finagle factor.

All this is(64)because the finagle factor is still at work. For example, in the artificial sweetener controversy, for example, it is said that all the studies sponsored by the sugar industry find that the artificial sweetener is unsafe, while all the studies sponsored by the diet food industry find nothing(65)with it.

A．search

B．learning

C．teaching

D．dialogue

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第8题

An 80-year-old man from Cincinnati in America is making legal history by suing doctors who

saved his wife. Edward Winter has witnessed his wife's death from a 【21】______ attack. The doctors had tried to restart her heart with an electric 【22】______ with remarkable success, but leaving her brain 【23】______ Her death was a long and 【24】______ experience which he did not want to go through himself. After she died he asked his doctor 【25】______ to save him in 【26】______ circumstances, but instead to let him die 【27】______ .

While out visiting in May 1988, Mr Winter 【28】______ the heart attack which he so treated, and was rushed to St Francis hospital in Cincinnati. The doctor who 【29】______ him wrote down on his chart that he was not to be 【30】______ but the duty nurse was not informed of Mr Winter's 【31】______ . The nurse took the usual 【32】______ action and tried to revive him with an electric shock.His life was saved 【33】______ the treatment was not completely successful. Since then he 【34】______ stay in a nursing home, partially 【35】______ and barely able to speak without weeping. Thoughthere is 【36】______ hope of improvement in his condition, doctors say he could 【37】______ many more years. The hospital 【38】______ his story, arguing that the injury suffered by Mr Winter is the 【39】______ of an act of Col and they 【40】______ him over ￡60,000 for saving his life.

【21】

A．heart

B．liver

C．brain

D．nerves

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第9题

An elderly woman died yesterday after being knocked down by a motorist. The driver had【C1】

______no attempt to brake(刹车). When a policeman asked him, a man of 69, to read the number plate of a car parked on the【C2】______side of the road, the man said this was【C3】______, because it was foggy. In fact, it was a sunny day.【C4】______several attempts, even from【C5】______distance of two meters, the man【C6】______failed to read the number-plate【C7】______. He said he had never needed glasses, though he had been【C8】______in a similar accident the day before. The question【C9】______fitness to drive comes up every time some medical condition【C10】______to an accident like this. Last week traffic accidents【C11】______the death of two motorists, one of【C12】______died as a result of blackouts(眩晕)while driving. The【C13】______, a man whose car hit a tree, had【C14】______from blackouts gone for years. The second died【C15】______his sports car crashed at 60 m. p. h. He had a brain disease which caused him to【C16】______consciousness when he had a headache. With such cases【C17】______mind, it is not surprising that【C18】______prevention organizations are trying to【C19】______the government to introduce stricter【C20】______over drivers.

【C1】

A．made

B．done

C．given

D．had

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Is Brain Death a Real Death？ Suppose a man has a car accident. He is hurt badly and is unc