A H5N1 avian influenza, known commonly as bird flu, has killed at least 15 people across A - 试题答案网问答

第1题

According to WHO, which of the following details is INCORRECT？A．No evidence shows that peo

According to WHO, which of the following details is INCORRECT？

A．No evidence shows that people may become sick because of eating properly cooked poultry.

B．Consumers may run risk of getting the virus through handling or eating poultry in areas where there is no bird flu outbreak.

C．Thorough cooking will kill any virus, including the deadly H5N1 strain of avian flu.

D．Infected birds should not be used for animal feed and should not enter the food chain.

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第2题

If you've kept up with the news lately, you've probably heard dire warnings about avian fl

u, or bird flu. It's a highly infectious disease that has swept through the Asian bird population. In October of 2005, the disease reached Eastern Europe, most likely through migratory birds. By January of 2006, several people in Turkey had contracted the disease. Although the virus does not infect humans easily, more than half of the people who have contracted it have died.

But what exactly is bird flu？ How is it different from the seasonal flu that people experience every year？ How does it threaten people？ What are governments doing to stop its spread？

Viruses and Influenza: An Overview

A virus particle--or virion--is a microscopic packet that contains genetic material wrapped in a layer of protein. Some viruses also have a lipid membrane(脂质膜)around the protein coat. Unlike bacteria, they cannot reproduce on their own--they have to invade host cells. This process destroys cells and makes people sick.

Viruses usually enter the bodies of animals and people through their mouths, mucus membranes or breaks in the skin. Then, they infect specific cells. For example, common cold viruses attack cells in the respiratory system. As they reproduce, they destroy their host cells, releasing copies of the virus to attack other cells. Some viruses are more stable than others, but in general they mutate frequently, sometimes making it difficult for doctors to treat them.

Influenza is a specific type of virus that attacks the respiratory system. It can cause fevers, sore throats and congestion. If it attacks muscle cells, it can also cause muscle aches.

There are three types of influenza virus--types A, B and C. Multiple subtypes exist within those types, and multiple strains(菌株)exist within each subtype. Like many viruses, influenza can mutate through antigenic drift(small changes that occur as it reproduces)or antigenic shift(major changes that create a new subtype of the virus).

Avian Flu

According to the United States Center for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC), birds carry every known subtype of influenza A. When scientists talk about avian flu, however, they usually mean varieties that exist mostly or entirely in birds--not in people. Most of the time, birds can't transmit the flu directly to people. They first infect pigs and other animals that can contract both human and avian flu strains. When the strains come into contact with one another, they create a new strain that infects humans.

Many wild birds carry avian flu in their intestines(肠)and shed the virus in their droppings, but they don't usually get sick from it. Domesticated birds, however, can get sick when they come into contact with contaminated(污染的)water, feed or soil. Birds spread the disease to each other through their saliva, respiratory secretions and droppings.

Avian flu is either low pathogenic(致病的)or high pathogenic. Low pathogenic strains cause very mild symptoms, like ruffled feathers and reduced egg production. High pathogenic strains, however, can be deadly--they often have a mortality rate approaching 100%. Birds that survive can continue to shed the virus in their droppings for ten days after recovering, which helps the virus continue to spread.

Avian Flu H5N1

In 1997, health officials in Hong Kong reported a virulent(致命的)strain of avian flu. For the first time, it appeared that the virus moved directly from birds to people instead of moving through a second species. The virus caused typical flu symptoms, and it also lead to eye infections, pneumonia and acute respiratory distress. Tests confirmed that this strain of the virus, influenza A H5N1, was completely new to humans.

Eighteen people infected with the virus were hospitalized, and six of them died. The Hong Kong government, alarmed at the potential thr

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

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第3题

Health officials in western Siberia are to begin in slaughter of thousands of birds today

after identifying Russia's first outbreak of a bird flu strain that can be fatal in humans. Doctors in neighboring Kazakhstan have also (1) that a 19-year-old poultry worker (2) admitted to hospital with (3) of bird flu, only to be diagnosed (4) double pneumonia.

The H5N1 strain of avian (5) has killed 60 people (6) 2fib in Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia and Indonesia, but has rarely been found in birds or humans (7) Asia.

Health officials (8) that HSN1 is infecting migrating birds, which could spread the (9) into Europe. Earlier this year China registered the first outbreak of H5N1 (10) wild birds, some of which (11) to breeding grounds in Siberia. These birds could come (12) contact with others flying to Europe and North America.

Russia's (13) began in the Novosibirsk (14) , about 1,750 miles (15) of Moscow in the Asian part of Russia, early last month, but the veterinary service (16) the virus only last week. Valery Mikheyev, the chief sanitary doctor of Novosibirsk, said that teams had been (17) the (18) birds and supervising the slaughter in13 (19) villages. He said, "The state of (20) of the inhabitants of these areas gives (21) cause for alarm. Up to 6,000 people are being (22) per day.

The virus seems to have (23) only private farms that let (24) mix with wild birds. Further outbreaks were registered in the Omsk and Altai regions, but the strain had (25) to be determined, Russia's Emergency Situations Ministry said.

(86)

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第4题

H5N1 avian influenza, known commonly as bird flu, has killed at least 15 people across Asi

a and was confirmed in China on January 27. No human cases have been found in the mainland, but 13 of the country's 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities (直辖市) have reported the disease in poultry.

The Chinese government has taken measures to prevent and control the disease. Poultry within 3 km of infected farms is to be killed and those within 5 km vaccinated (进行接种疫苗 ). Meanwhile, there will be constant monitoring and daily reports on the disease across the country, and increased production of bird flu vaccines.

Among the Asian countries and regions affected by bird flu in animals, only Vietnam and Thailand have reported human cases. The people infected were reported to have caught the disease from poultry. While the World Health Organization (WHO) said there is "no proof of human-to-human transmission (传播)" of bird flu.

The big fear is that the disease could combine with a human influenza virus (病毒) to create a deadly new disease that will kill millions of people across the globe. Many Asian farmers live closely with their animals and sell live chickens in the market. This greatly increases the possibility of human beings infected with bird flu.

A spokesman of the WHO said that Asian countries affected by bird flu should introduce a more healthy way of raising and selling chickens. And the people there have to completely change their lifestyle. and attitude towards animals. Here are some safety measures for people to stay healthy:

Keep fit and well through regular exercise;

Avoid infected poultry and infected people;

Avoid eating raw or under-done poultry and eggs;

Make sure there is always fresh air in your home;

Cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing;

Wash your hands frequently.

What does the underlined word "poultry" mean？

A．Wild birds.

B．Wild animals.

C．Home-raised birds.

D．Home-raised animals.

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