题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
What physiological reason for yawning is mentioned？
A．To exercise the jaw muscles.
B．To eliminate fatigue.
C．To get greater strength for attacking.
D．To gain more oxygen.
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更多“What physiological reason for …”相关的问题
What do non-physiological and physiological explanations have in common？
A．Paradox.
B．Dilemma.
C．Plausibility.
D．Ambiguous.
A．Read and copy the article.
B．Read the article and write a summary on it.
C．Read the article and write a paper on vitalism and mechanism.
D．Read the article as a preparation for the lecture next week.
What Is Market？
The word market is used in a number of ways, There is a stock market and an auto- mobile market, a retail market for furniture and a wholesale market for furniture. One person may be going to the market; another may plan to market a product. What, then, is a market？ A market may be defined as a place where buyers and sellers meet, goods or services are offered for sale, and .transfers of ownership occur. A market .may also be defined as the demand made by a certain group of potential buyers for goods or services. For instance, there is a farm market for petroleum products. The terms market and demand are often used interchangeably (可互换地) ; they may also be used jointly as market demand.
These definitions are not sufficiently precise to be useful to us here. For business purposes we define a market as people or organizations with wants (needs) to satisfy, money to spend, and the willingness to spend it. Thus in the market demand for any given product or service, there are three factors to consider--people or organizations with wants needs), their purchasing power, and their buying behavior,
We shall employ, the dictionary definition of needs: the lack of anything that is required, desired, or useful. We do not limit needs to the narrow physiological (生理的) requirements of food, clothing and shelter essential for survival. In our discussion the words needs and wants are used synonymously(同义地) and interchangeably. In a strict interpretation, however, needs would refer to such basic physiological requirements as food. clothing, and shelter, while wants .would be non-basic preferences. However, in our affluent (丰富的) society, little is to be gained by trying to differentiate (区分) between the two. Many of us would see as needs some items that are far beyond food, clothing and shelter.
第 16 题 Markets can be classified according to what is sold on a market and how goods are sold.
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not mentioned
For instance, some animals yawn to intimidate intruders on their territory. Fish and lizards are examples of this. Hippos use yawns when they want to resolve a quarrel. Observers have seen two hippos yawn at each other for as long as two hours before they stop quarreling.
As for social animals like baboons or lions--they yawn to set up the pecking order within social groups, and lions often yawn to calm social tensions. Sometimes these animals yawn for a strictly physiological reason--that is to increase oxygen levels. And curiously enough, when they yawn for a physical reason like that, they do what men do-they try to stifle the yawn by looking away or by covering their mouths.
What's the main topic of the monologue？
A．Different animals' yawns.
B．Human's yawn.
C．Fish's yawn.
D．Social animals' yawns.
Maslow examines in detail what these needs are. He points out not only that there are many needs ranging from basic physiological drives such as hunger to a more abstract desire for self-realization, but also that they are arranged in a hierarchy(等级制度 )whereby the lower-order needs must to a large degree be satisfied before the higher-order ones come into play.
One of the most obvious ways in which work organizations attract and retain members is through the realization, that economic factors are not the only inducement for working as indicated by Morse and Weiss. In line with the social respect and self-realization needs discussed by Maslow, factors such as association with others, self-respect gained through the work, and a high interest value of the work can serve effectively to induce people to work.
According to Maslow, a work organization is able to motivate people to work by______.
A．satisfying their physiological needs
B．satisfying their self-realization needs
C．satisfying hierarchy of their higher-order needs
D．first satisfying their lower-order needs
Man and Computer
What makes people different from computer programs？ What is the missing element that our theories don't yet(51)for？ The answer is simple: People read newspaper stories(52)a reason to learn more about what they are interested in. Computers, on the other hand, don't. In fact, computers don't(53)have interests; there is nothing in particular that they are trying to find out when they read. If a computer(54)is to be a model of story understanding, it should also read for a "purpose".
Of course, people have several goals that do not make(55)to attribute to computers. One might read a restaurant guide in order to satisfy hunger or entertainment goals, or to(56)a good place to go for a business lunch. Computers do not(57), and computers do not have business lunches.
However, these physiological and social goals give(58)to several intellectual or cognitive (认知的) goals. A goal to satisfy hunger gives rise to goals to find(59)about the name of a restaurant which serves the desired type of food, how expensive the restaurant is, the(60)of the restaurant, etc. These are goals to(61)information or knowledge, what we are calling(62)goals. These goals can be held by computers too a computer might "want" to find out the location of a restaurant, and read a guide in order to do so(63)the same way as a person might. While such a goal would not(64)out of hunger in the case of the computer, it might(65)rise out of the "goal" to learn more about restaurants.
A．express
B．explain
C．account
D．count
听力原文： Today's discussion is about a common animal reaction--the yawning. The dictionary defines a yawn as "an involuntary reaction to fatigue or boredom". That's definitely true for human yawns but not necessarily for animal yawns. The same action, the yawn, can have quite different meanings in different species.
For instance, some animals yawn to intimidate intruders on their territory. Fish and lizards are examples of this. Hippos use yawns when they want to resolve a quarrel. Observers have seen two hippos yawn at each other for as long as two hours before they stop quarreling.
As for social animals like baboons or lions--they yawn to set up the pecking order within social groups, and lions often yawn to calm social tensions. Sometimes these animals yawn for a strictly physiological reason-- that is to increase oxygen levels. And curiously enough, when they yawn for a physical reason like that, they do what men do--they try to stifle the yawn by looking away or by covering their mouths.
What's the main topic of the monologue？
A．Different animals' yawns.
B．Human's yawn.
C．Fish's yawn.
D．Social animals' yawns.
For instance, some animals yawn to intimidate intruders on their territory. Fish and lizards are examples of this. Hippos use yawns when they want to resolve a quarrel. Observers have seen two hippos yawn at each other for as long as two hours before they stop quarreling.
As for social animals like baboons or lions _ they yawn to set up the pecking order within social groups, and lions often yawn to calm social tensions. Sometimes these animals yawn for a strictly physiological reason __ that is to increase oxygen levels. And curiously enough, when they yawn for a physical reason like that, they do what men do __ they try to stifle the yawn by looking away or by covering their mouths.
What's the main topic of the monologue？
A．Different animals' yawn.
B．Human's yawn.
C．Fish's yawn.
D．Social animals' yawn.
Humans, for example, can acclimate to extreme conditions through changes in normal physiological 4 . Persons who move from a temperate to a hot, dry climate 5 , changes in heart rate and body temperature such that in time they perspire less, and their perspiration 6 less salt. Although at an altitude of 7, 600 m most persons need to. breathe high-pressure oxygen for survival, through 7 acclimatization they may become able to breathe unaided. This is due to an increase in the number of red blood cells, which contain oxygen-carrying hemoglobin. The increase is 8 by the hormone erythropoietin, secreted by the kidneys. In addition a change in chemical composition within the red blood cells promotes migration of hemoglobin into the body tissues, where oxygen is needed.
The human organism also exhibits a 9 to the absence of natural light. As with most life forms, humans normally function in what is called a circadian rhythm corresponding to the length of the day. Humans who have lived underground under 10 conditions continue to show cyclical changes in physiology, demonstrating the existence of a natural biological clock. The period dictated by this internal clock, however is slightly longer than one day.
[A] instances [B] extreme [C] processes [D] response [E] gradual
[F] purchase [G] undergo [H] experimental [I] conditions [J] contains
[K] exist [L] structure [M] within [N] temperature [O] mediated
Man and Computer
What makes people different from computer programs？ What is the missing element that our theories don't yet(51)for？ The answer is simple: People read newspaper stories(52)a reason to learn more about what they are interested in. Computers, on the other hand, don't. In fact, computers don't(53)have interests; there is nothing in particular that they are trying to find out when they read. If a computer(54)is to be a model of story understanding, it should also read for a "purpose".
Of course, people have several goals that do not make(55)to attribute to computers. One might read a restaurant guide in order to satisfy hunger or entertainment goals, or to(56)a good place to go for a business lunch. Computers do not(57) , and computers do not have business lunches.
However, these physiological and social goals give(58)to several intellectual or cognitive(认知的) goals. A goal to satisfy hunger gives rise to goals to find(59)about the name of a restaurant which serves the desired type of food, how expensive the restaurant is, the(60)of the restaurant, etc. These are goals to(61)information or knowledge, what we are calling(62)goals. These goals can be held by computers too a computer might "want" to find out the location of a restaurant, and read a guide in order to do so(63)the same way as a person might. While such a goal would not(64)out of hunger in the case of the com puter, it might(65)rise out of the "goal" to learn more about restaurants.
A．express
B．explain
C．account
D．count
