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根据短文回答 36～40 题。 The Cherokee Nation Long before the white man came to America

根据短文回答 36～40 题。

The Cherokee Nation

Long before the white man came to America,the land belonged to the American Indian nations.The nation of the Cherokees lived in what is now the southeastern part of the United States.

After the white man came,the Cherokees copied many of their ways.One Cherokee named Sequoyah saw how important reading and writing were to the white man.He decided to invent a way to write down the spoken Cherokee language.He began by making word pictures.For each word he drew a picture.But that proved impossible-there were just too many words.Then he took the 85 sounds that made up the language.Using his own imagination and an English spelling book,Sequoyah invented a sign for each sound.His alphabet proved amazingly easy to learn.Before long,many Cherokees knew how to read and write in their own language.By 1828,they were even printing their own newspaper.

In 1830.the U.S.Congress passed a law.It allowed the government to remove Indians from their lands.The Cherokees refused to go.They had lived on their lands for centuries.It belonged to them.Why should they go to a strange land far beyond the Mississippi River？

The army was sent to drive the Cherokees out.Soldiers surrounded their villages and marched them at gunpoint(在枪口的威胁下)into the western territory.The sick,the old and the small children went in carts,along with their belongings.The rest of the people marched on foot or rode on horseback.It was November,yet many of them still wore their summer clothes.Cold and hungry, the Cherokees were quickly exhausted by the hardships of the journey.Many dropped dead and were buried by the roadside. When the last group arrived in their new home in March 1839,more than 4,000 had died.It was indeed a march of death.

第 36 题 The Cherokees used to live（）

A．by the roadside.

B．in the southeastern part of the US.

C．beyond the Mississippi River.

D．in the western territory.

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第1题

根据提供的短文，回答第36~40题。第36题：

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第2题

根据下列短文，回答 36～40 题。第 36 题 What is the research at Johns Hopkins Universi

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第3题

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第4题

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第6题

根据短文回答 36～40 题。 New Foods and the New World In the last 500 years, nothing ab

根据短文回答 36～40 题。

New Foods and the New World

In the last 500 years, nothing about people -- not their clothes, ideas, or languages! Has changed as much as what they eat. The original chocolate drink was made from the seeds of the cocoa tree (可可树) by South American Indians. The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the world during the 1500's. And although it was very expensive, it quickly became fashionable. In London, shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still exist today,

The potato is also from the New World. Around 1600, the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe, where it soon was widely grown. Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the "Potato Famine (饥荒)" of 1845 -- 1846, and thousands more were forced to leave their homeland and move to America.

There are many other foods that have traveled from South America to the Old world. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the world's largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries. w But it is native to Ethiopia, a country in Africa. It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400's.

According to an Arabic legend, coffee was discovered when a person named Kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee bush. He tried one and experienced the "wide-awake" feeling that one-third of the world's population now starts the day with.

第 36 题 According to the passage, which of the following has changed the most in the last？

500 years？（）

A．Food

B．Clothing

C．Ideology

D．Language

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第7题

根据短文回答 36～40 题。 Home Heating Central heating became popular only after the Ci

根据短文回答 36～40 题。

Home Heating

Central heating became popular only after the Civil War Typically, coat-burning furnaces (火炉) fueled the early systems Natural gas had developed into the leading fuel by 1960 its acceptance resulted in part from its wide uses Because it comes primarily from US and Canadian fields, natural gas is also less vulnerable (脆弱的) than oil is to war Oil remains the most important fuel in a few areas, such as New England

Electric heating dominates most areas with mild winters and cheap electricity, including the South and the Northwest It was made popular at least in the South by the low cost of adding electric heating to new houses built with air-conditioning Bottled gas, which is somewhat more expensive than utility gas, is the fuel of choice in rural areas not served by utility pipelines Wood is the leading heating fuel in just a few rural counties

Home heating which accounts for less than 7 percent of all energy consumed in the US, has had a commendable (值得赞扬的) efficiency record: from 1978 to 1997, the amount of fuel consumed for this purpose declined 44 percent despite a 33 percent increase in-the number of housing units and an increase in house size The U S

Department of Energy, however, forecasts that energy used in home heating will rise by 14 percent over the next two decades that rise is small considering an expected 21 percent increase in the number of houses and the trend toward larger houses

Natural gas and electricity will probably dominate the home heating market for the next two decades Solar (太阳的) heating never became popular because of cost and limited winter sunlight in most areas; in 2000 only 47,000 homes relied on it.

第 36 题 Natural gas didn't become the leading fuel until（）

A．1978

B．1960

C．1997

D．2000

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第8题

根据短文回答 36～40 题。 Valuing Childhood The value of childhood is easily blurred（模

根据短文回答 36～40 题。

Valuing Childhood

The value of childhood is easily blurred(模糊)in today's world.Consider some recent developments：The child。murderers in the Jonesboro。Ark.schoolyard shooting case were convicted and sentenced.Two boys,7 and 8.were charged in the murder of an 11-year-old girl in Chic ago.

Children who commit horrible crimes appear to act of their own will.Yet,as legal proceedings in Jonesboro showed,the one boy who was able to address the court couldn't begin to explain his acts。though he tried to apologize.There may have been a motive-"youthful jealousy and resentment.But a deeper question remains：Why did these boys and others in similar trouble apparently lack any inner, moral restraint？

That question echoes for the accused in Chicago,young as they are.They wanted

the girl's bicycle,a selfish impulse common enough among kids.

Redemption(拯救)is a practical necessity。How can value be restored to young lives？ Distorted by acts of violence？ The boys in Jonesboro and in Chicago will be confined in institutions for a relatively short time.Despite horror at what was done,children are not—cannot be—dealt with as adults,not if a people wants to consider itself civilized.That's why politicians' cries for adult treatment of youthful criminals ultimately miss the point.

But the moral void(真空)that invites violence has many sources.Family instability contributes.So does economic stress.That void,however, can be filled.The work starts with parents,who have to ask themselves whether they're doing enough to give their children a firm sense of right and wrong.Are they really monitoring their activities.s and their developing processes of thought？

Schools,too,have a role in building character.So do youth organizations.So*do law enforcement agencies,which can do more to inform. the young about laws,their meaning,and their observance(遵守).

第 36 题 The two boys in Chicago were（）

A．shot

B．murdered

C．accused

D．set free

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第9题

根据短文回答 36～40 题。 Ford's Assembly LineWhen it comes to singling out those who have

根据短文回答 36～40 题。

Ford's Assembly Line

When it comes to singling out those who have made a difference in all our lives you cannot overlook Henry Ford. A historian a century from now might well conclude that it was Ford who most influenced all manufacturing, everywhere, even to this day, by introducing a new way to make cars--one, strange to say, that originated in slaughterhouses (屠宰场).

Back in the early 1900's, slaughterhouses used what could have been called a "disassembly line,. Ford reversed this process to see if it would speed up production of a part of an automobile engine called a magneto. Rather than have each worker completely assemble a magneto, one of its elements was placed on e conveyer, and each worker, as it passed, added another component to it, the same one each time.

Professor David Household of the University of Delaware, an expert on industrial development, tells what happened:

"The previous day, workers carrying out the entire process had averaged one assembly every 20 minutes. But on that day, on the line, the assembly team averaged one every 13 minutes and 10 seconds per person."

Within a year, the time had been reduced to five minutes. In 1913, Ford went all the way. Hooked together by ropes, partially assembled vehicles were towed (拖,拉) past workers who completed them one piece at a time. It wasn't long before Ford was turning out several hundred thousand cars a year, a remarkable achievement then And so efficient and economical was this new system that me cut the price of his cars in half, to $260, putting them within reach of all those who, up until that time, could not afford them. Soon, auto makers the world over copied him. In fact, he encouraged them to do so by writing a book about all of his innovations, entitle today and tomorrow. The Age of the Automobile has arrived. Today, aided by robots and other forms of automation (自动化), everything from toasters to perfumes is made on assembly lines.

第 36 题 Which of the following statements about Henry Ford is NOT true？（）

A．He introduced a new way of production.

B．He influenced all manufacturing.

C．He inspired other auto makers.

D．He changed the minds of historians.

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第10题

根据短文回答 36～40 题。 Valuing Childhood The value of childhood is easily blurred （

根据短文回答 36～40 题。

Valuing Childhood

The value of childhood is easily blurred (变得模糊不清) in today's world. Consider some recent developments: The child-murderers in the Jonesboro, Ark. Schoolyard shooting case were convicted and sentenced. Two boys, 7 and 8, were charged in the murder of an 11-year-old girl in Chicago.

Children who commit horrible crimes appear to act of their own will. Yet, as legal proceedings in Jonesboro showed, the one boy who was able to address the court

Couldn't begin to explain his acts, though he tried to apologize There may have been a motive -- youthful jealousy (妒忌,) and resentment. But a deeper question remains: Why did these boys and others in similar trouble apparently lack any inner, moral restraint？

That question echoes for the accused in Chicago, young as they are. They wanted the girl's bicycle, a selfish impulse common enough among kids.

Redemption (拯救) is a practical necessity. How can value be restored to young lives distorted by acts of' violence？ The boys in Jonesboro and in Chicago will be confined in institutions for a relatively short time，Despite horror at what was done，children are not—cannot be—dealt with as adults.not if a people wants to consider itself civilized.That's why politicians' cries for adult treatment of youthful criminals ultimately miss the

point。

But the moral void(真空)that invites violence has many sources。Family instability contributes。So does economic stress.That void，however, can be filled。The work starts with parents，who have to ask themselves whether they're doing enough to give their children a firm sense of right and wrong.Are they really monitoring their activities and their developing processes of thought？

Schools，t00，have a role in building character.So do youth organizations.So do law enforcement agencies，which can do more to inform. the young about laws，their meaning，and their observance(遵守).

The goal，ultimately, is to allow all children a normal passage from childhood to adulthood(成年)，so that tragic gaps in moral judgments are less likely to Occur.The relative few who fill such gaps with acts of violence hint at many others who don't go that far，but who lack the moral foundations childhood should provide—and which progressive human society relies on.

第 36 题 The two boys in Chicago were（）.

A shot.

B murdered.

C accused.

D sentenced.

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