Dr. Alexander Fleming was experimenting with a culture of deadly bacteria when he discover
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听力原文: Alexander Fleming was bom on August 6th, 1881 on Darvel, Scotland. He was one of the eight children in the family. As a boy he showed a strong interest in nature.
Just before his 14th birthday he went to London to live with an older brother, Dr. Thomas Fleming. At 16 he went to work as a clerk for a shipping company.
When Fleming was twenty, an uncle died and left him a small sum of money. Determined to use the money wisely, he asked his brother's advice. Dr. Flemning suggested that he take an examination for medical college. He took the exam, and he got the highest score. He then began to study at St. Mary's Hospital in London.
When he completed his medical training, Fleming did not join his brother's practice as he had earlier intended. He decided to spend the rest of his life as a biologist.
It was in the fall of 1928 that Fleming discovered penicillin, the chemical produced by a mold called Penicillum. But it was two years before anyone attempted to produce pure penicillin in quantity. This was achieved by two other scientists, Howard Florey and Ernst Chain, during World War Ⅱ , in time to save the lives of thousands of wounded soldiers.
In 1945, he, Florey and Chain received the Nobel Prize for medicine.
Alexander Fleming died at the age of 71, on March 11th, 1955.
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A.In Britain.
B.In the United States.
C.In Canada.
D.In France.
Who is the speaker?
A.A librarian.
B.A tour guide.
C.A professor.
D.Alexander Boyd's secretary.
Officials from the U. S. government's National Institutes of Health said they hope the study, to be conducted at 105 locations throughout the United States, can help identify early-life influences that affect later development, with the goal of learning new ways to treat or prevent illness.
The study will examine hereditary and environmental factors such as exposure to certain chemicals that affect health.
Researchers will collect genetic and biological samples from people in the study as well as samples from the homes of the women and their babies including air, water, dust and materials used to construct their residences, the NIH said.
Officials said more than $ 200 million has been spent already and the study is projected to cost $ 3.2 billion.
"We anticipate that in the long term, what we learn from the study will result in a significant savings in the nation's health care costs," Dr. Duane Alexander, who heads the NIH 's Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, told reporters.
The study will begin in January when the University of North Carolina and the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York start signing up pregnant women whose babies will then be followed to age 21.
Some of the early findings will be about factors behind pre-term birth, which has become more common in recent years, according to Dr. Peter Scheidt of the NIH, who heads the study.
The people taking part will be from rural, urban and suburban areas, from all in- come and educational levels and from all racial groups, the NIH said.
The aim of the study is to find new ways to______.
A.conduct research
B.track public health
C.prevent or treat illness
D.speed up development
第一篇
A study that will cost $ 3.2 billion and last more than two decades to track the health of 100,000 U. S. children from before birth to age 21 will be launched in January, U. S. health officials said on Friday.
Officials from the U. S. government's National Institutes of Health said they hope the study, to be conducted at 105 locations throughout the United States, can help identify early-life influences that affect later development, with the goal of learning new ways to treat or prevent illness.
The study will examine hereditary and environmental factors such as exposure to certain chemicals that affect health.
Researchers will collect genetic and biological samples from people in the study as well as samples from the homes of the women and their babies including air, water, dust and materials used to construct their residences, the NIH said.
Officials said more than $ 200 million has been spent already and the study is projected to cost $ 3.2 billion.
"We anticipate that in the long term, what we learn from the study will result in a significant savings in the nation's health care costs," Dr. Duane Alexander, who heads the NIH 's Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, told reporters.
The study will begin in January when the University of North Carolina and the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York start signing up pregnant women whose babies will then be followed to age 21.
Some of the early findings will be about factors behind pre-term birth, which has become more common in recent years, according to Dr. Peter Scheidt of the NIH, who heads the study.
The people taking part will be from rural, urban and suburban areas, from all in- come and educational levels and from all racial groups, the NIH said.
The aim of the study is to find new ways to______.
A. conduct research
B. track public health
C. prevent or treat illness
D. speed up development
U. S. to Start $ 3.2 Billion Child Health Study in January
"A study that will cost $ 3.2 billion and last more than two decades to track the health of 100,000 U. S. children from before birth to age 21 will be launched in January. " U. S. health officials said on Friday.
Officials from the U. S. government's National Institutes of Health said they hope the study, to be conducted at 105 locations throughout the United States, can help identify early-life influences that affect later development, with the goal of learning new ways to treat or prevent illness.
The study will examine hereditary and environmental factors such as exposure to certain chemicals that affect health.
Researchers will collect genetic and biological samples from people in the study as well as samples from the homes of the women and their babies including air, water, dust and materials used to construct their residences, the NIH said.
Officials said more than $ 200 million has been spent already and the study is projected to cost $ 3.2 billion.
"We anticipate that in the long term , what we learn from the study will result in a significant savings in the nation's health care costs. " Dr. Duane Alexander, who heads the NIH's Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, told reporters.
The study will begin in January when the University of North Carolina and the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York start signing up pregnant women whose babies will then be followed to age 21.
Some of the early findings will be about factors behind pre-term birth, which has become more common in recent years, according to Dr. Peter Scheidt of the NIH, who heads the study.
The people taking part will be from rural, urban and suburban areas, from all income and educational levels and from all racial groups, the NIH said.
The aim of the study is to find new ways to ______.
A.conduct research
B.track public health
C.prevent or treat illness
D.speed up development
The students at the Perkins Institution made a doll for Annie Sullivan to give Helen. Ms. Sullivan began using the doll to spell the word doll in Helen's hand. Helen learned quickly to make the letters. Helen learned many words and soon wanted to learn to speak. Miss Sarah Fuller of the Horace Mann School was her first speech teacher. Helen learned to use the raised print for reading and soon wanted to go on to college. Helen graduated from Radcliffe College with honors in 1904. Annie Sullivan spelled books and lectures in Helen's hand all through college.
Helen Keller spent the rest of her life trying to make it easier for disabled people to learn. She fought for women's rights, equality for minorities and worker's rights. She was a crusader for people who needed help. Helen Keller won many awards for her work for the blind. Helen Keller died on June 1, 1968, a few weeks short of her 88th birthday. She will be remembered by the world as a champion and hero of the blind and disabled people.
Which of the following is true?
A.Helen Keller became disabled after the disease.
B.Helen Keller learned to finger spell and read.
C.Helen Keller never attended college.
D.Helen Keller was born in Wisconsin.
U. S. to Start $ 3. 2 Billion Child Health Study in January
A study that will cost $ 3. 2 billion and last more than two decades to track the health of 100, 000 U. S. children from before birth to age 21 will be launched in January, U. S. health officials said on Friday.
Officials from the U. S. government's National Institutes of Health said they hope the study, to be conducted at 105 locations throughout the United States, can help identify early-life influences that affect later development, with the goal of learning new ways to treat or prevent illness.
The study will examine hereditary(遗传的) and environmental factors such as exposure to certain chemicals that affect health.
Researchers will collect genetic and biological samples from people in the study as well as samples from the homes of the women and their babies including air, water, dust and materials used to construct their residences, the NIH said.
Officials said more than $ 200 million has been spent already and the study is projected . to cost $ 3. 2 billion.
"We anticipate that in the long term(从长远说来), what we learn from the study will result in a significant savings in the nation's health care costs. " Dr. Duane Alexander, who heads the NIH's Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, told reporters.
The study will begin in January when the University of North Carolina and the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York start signing up(使报名从事) pregnant women whose babies will then be followed to age 21.
Some of the early findings will be about factors behind pre-term birth (早产), which has become more common in recent years, according to Dr. Peter Scheidt of the NIH, who heads the study.
The people taking part will be from rural, urban and suburban areas, from all income and educational levels and from all racial groups, the NIH said.
The aim of the study is to find new ways to ______.
A.conduct research
B.track public health
C.prevent or treat illness
D.speed up development
U. S. to Start $ 3. 2 Billion Child Health Study in January
A study that will cost $ 3. 2 billion and last more than two decades to track the health of 100,000 U. S.children from before birth to age 21 will be Iaunched in January, U. S. health officials said on Friday.
Officials from the U. S. government's National Institutes of Health said they hope the study, to be conducted at 105 locations throughout the United States, can help identify early-life influences that af- fect later development, with the goal of learning new ways to treat or prevent illness.
The study will examine hereditary and environmental factors such as exposure to certain chemicals that affect health.
Researchers will collect genetic and biological samples from people in the study as well as samples from the homes of the women and their babies including air, water, dust and materials used to con- struct their residences, the NIH said.
Officials said more than $ 200 million has been spent already and the study is projected to cost $ 3. 2 billion.
"We anticipate that in the long term, what we lea:m from the study will result in a significant savings in the nation's health care costs, " Dr. Duane Alexander,r who heads the NIH's Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, told reporters.
The study will begin in January when the University of North Carolina and the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York start signing up pregnant women whose babies will then be followed to age 21.
Some of the early findings will be about factors behind pre-term birth, which has become more common
in recent years, according to Dr. Peter Scheidt of the NIH, who heads the study.
The people taking part will be from rural, urban and suburban areas, from all income and educa-
tional levels and from all racial groups, the NIH said.
The aim of the study is to find new ways to____.
A.conduct research
B.track public health
C.prevent or treat illness
D.s.peed up development