题目内容
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Geologists are using modern technology to ______.
A．help predict earthquakes
B．enhance their reputations
C．measure the accuracy of earthquakes
D．control ground slippage
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Geologists would like to be able to predict earthquakes accurately. Using laser beams, seismographs, gravity-measuring devices, and radio telescopes, they are presently studying the San Andreas Fault to determine the rate of strain and the amount of ground slippage. Calculations indicate that sometime within the next ten years, California will be struck by a major earthquake.
In spite of the geologists' theory of plate tectonics, there are still gaps in man's understanding and knowledge of the causes of earthquakes. Powerful earthquakes have occurred in places where plate boundaries are hundreds of miles away. In the 1800s, New Madrid, Missouri and Charleston, South Carolina, were shaken by earthquakes that no one had foreseen.
Certain areas of the world are quake prone. Italy, Yugoslavia, and Algeria have experienced many quakes. In November 1980, Naples was struck by an especially devastating quake. China and Japan have also been hit by horrendous quakes. In 1923, Tokyo and Yokohama were reduced to rubble by gigantic tremors that were followed by fires, tornadoes, and finally a thirty-four-foot tsunami, or tidal wave, which was caused by the earth's drop into the waters of Tokyo Bay. More than 150,000 people died in that earthquake.
What effects have geologists' predictions of earthquakes had？ The Chinese in Haicheng in 1974 were warned that an earthquake might occur within the next year or two. With the help of amateur seismologists' observations of animal behavior. and the rise and fall of water in wells and measurements of quantities of radioactive gas in water, professional geologists were able, in January 1975, to predict an earthquake within the next six months. On February 4, Haicheng was destroyed, but because its residents have been evacuated, very few people were killed. In California, where earthquake is an ever present menace, building codes now require quakeproof structures, and Civil Defense units have intensified their training in how to deal with disaster should it strike or, perhaps more accurately, when it strikes. Should predictions of a quake within the next ten years be accurate, many Californians may be able to save both their lives and their property.
Continental drift is the concept that ______.
A．continents are drawing nearer to each other
B．continents are separating
C．continents are 60 miles apart from each other
D．new continents are developing beneath the sea
Geologists believe that ocean water came from
A．comets.
B．raindrops.
C．volcanoes.
D．other planets.
A．approval
B．disapproval
C．indifference
D．displeasure
A．inspect
B．detect
C．indicate
D．evaluate
The Chinese predicted an earthquake by ______.
A．employing amateur seismologists
B．observing professional geologists
C．watching animals, wells, and radioactive gas
D．evacuating the population
The ocean bottom (a region nearly 2.5 times greater than the total land area of the Earth) is a vast frontier that even today is largely unexplored and uncharted. Until about a century ago, the deep-ocean floor was completely inaccessible, hidden beneath waters averaging over 36,000 meters deep. Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth's surface, the deep-ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans, in some ways as forbid- ding and remote as the void of outer space.
Although researchers have taken samples of deep-ocean rocks and sediments for over a century, the first detailed global investigation of the ocean bottom did not actually start until 1968, with the beginning of the National Science Foundation's Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP). Using techniques first developed for the offshore oil and gas industry, the DSDP's drill ship, the Glomar Challenger, was able to maintain a steady position on the ocean's surface and drill in very deep waters, extracting samples of sediments and rocks from the ocean floor.
The Glomar Challenger completed 96 voyages in a 15-year research program that ended in November 1983, During this time, the vessel logged 600,000 kilometers and took almost 20,000 core samples of seabed sediments and rocks at 624 drilling sites around the world. The Glomar Challenger's core samples have allowed geologists to reconstruct what the planet looked like hundreds of millions of years ago and to calculate what it will probably look like millions of years in the future. Today, largely on the strength of evidence gathered during the Glomar Challenger's voyages, nearly all earth scientists agree on the theories of plate tectonics and continental drift that explain many of the geological processes that shape the Earth.
The cores of sediment drilled by the Glomar Challenger have also yielded information critical to understand the world's past climates. Deep-ocean sediments provide a climatic record tracing back hundreds of millions of years, because they are largely isolated from the mechanical erosion and the intense chemical and biological activies that rapidly destroy much land-based evidence of past climates. This record has already provided insights into the patterns and causes of past climatic change information that may be used to predict future climates.
The author compare the ocean bottom to a "frontier" in paragraph 1 because it______.
A．is a quite promising place.
B．is out of the understanding of many scientists.
C．attracts courageous explorers.
D．is an unknown research area to the scientists.
The last paragraph is mainly aimed at ______.
A．explaining the nature of the fine grains of the Gusev surface
B．discussing what force was responsible for holding them together
C．presenting the perplexion of the geologists on the existence of the static force on the Mars
D．introducing the main points of view on the static force on the Mars
A．Amateurs continued to pursue local studies in the old way.
B．Amateurs didn"t reflect on the wider geological picture.
C．Professionals and amateurs have separate journals.
D．It"s very had for amateurs to enter professional geological journals.
What does the professor mainly discuss？
A．His plans for research involving moving rocks
B．A difference between two geological forces that cause rocks to move
C．Theories about why desert rocks move
D．Reasons why geologists should study moving rocks
