题目内容
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A.it was chartered
B.was chartered
C.chartered
D.to be chartered
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Male and Female Pilots Cause Accidents Differently
Male pilots flying general aviation （private） aircraft in the United States are more likely to crash due to inattention or flawed decision-making， while female pilots are more likely to crash from mishandling the aircraft. These are results of a study fly researchers at the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health.
The study identifies difference between male and female pilot in terms of circumstances or the crash and the type or pilots error involved. "Crashes of general aviation aircraft account for 85 percent of all aviation deaths in the United States. The crash rate for male pilots， as for motor vehicle drivers， exceeds that of crashes of female pilots." explains Susan P. Baker， MPH， professor of health policy and management at the Bloomberg School of Public Health. "Because pilot youth and inexperience are established contributors to aviation crashes， we focused on only mature pilots，to determine the gender differences in the reasons for the crash."
The researchers extracted data for this study from a large research project on pilot aging and flight safety. The data were gathered from general aviation crashes of airplanes and helicopters between 1983 and 1997， involving 144 female pilots and 267 male pilots aged 40-63. Female pilots were matched with male pilots in a 1:2 ratio， by age， classes of medical and pilot certificates， state or area of crash， and year of crash. Then the circumstances of the crashes and the pilot error involved were categorized and coded without knowledge of pilot gender.
The researchers found that loss of control on landing or takeoff was the most common circumstance for both sexes， leading to 59 percent of female pilots" crashes and 36 percent of males". Experiencing mechanical failure， running out of fuel， and landing the plane with the landing gear upwere among the factors more likely with males， while stalling was more likely with females.
The majority of the crashes —— 95 percent for females and 88 percent for males —— involved at least one type of pilot error. Mishandling aircraft kinetics was the most common error for both sexes， but was more common among females （accounting for 81 percent of the crashes） than males （accounting for 48 percent ）. Males， however， appeared more likely to be guilty of poor decision-making， risk-taking， and inattentiveness， examples of which include misjudging weather and visibilityor flying an aircraft with a known defect. Females， though more likely to mishandle or lose control of the aircraft， were generally more careful than their male counterparts.
What is the research at Johns Hopkins University about？ 查看材料
A.Causes of aircraft crash.
B.Gender difference in relation to types of aircraft crashes.
C.Causes of mishandling aircraft.
D.Gender discrimination in general aviation in the United States.
First Self ContainedHeart Implanted
？？A patient on the brink ofdeath has received the world's first self-contained artificial heart-a bat-tery powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need forwires, tubes or hoses sticking out of the chest.？？？？
？？ Two surgeons from the University of Louisvilleimplanted the titanium and plastic pump during a seven-hour operation at JewishHospital Monday. The hospital said the patient was "awake andre-sponsive" Tuesday and resting comfortably. It refused to releasepersonal details.
？？ The patient had been expectedto die within a month without the operation, and doctors said they expected theartificial heart to extend the person's life by only a month But the device isconsidered a major step toward improving the patient's quality of life.？？
？？ The new pump, called AbioCor, is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the 1980s,which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body. Themost fa- mous of those, the Jarvic-7, used air as a pumping device and wasattached to an apparatus about the size of a washing machine.？？
？？ "I think it'spotentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,"said Dr. David Faxon, president of the American Heart Association. However, hesaid the dream of an implantable, permanent artificial heart is not yet areality: "This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term successhas to be demonstrated. " Only about half of the 4, 200 Americans on awaiting list for donor hearts receivedthem last year, and most of the rest died:？？
？？ Some doctors, includingRobert Higgins, chairman of cardiology at the Medical Colle？？ge of Virgin-ia in Richmond, said artificial hearts are unlikely to replacedonor hearts.
？？ "A donor heart in a goodtransplant can last 15 t0 30 years, " he said. "It's going to be hardto re-place that with a machine. "
？？ The Abil Cor has a 2-poundpumping unit, and electronic controls that adjust the pumping？？ speed based onthe body's needs. It is powered by a small battery pack worn outside the bodythat transmits current through the skin.
The pump of the first implanted self-contained heart was made of titanium andplastic？？？？？？？？？？？？
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
根据材料请回答 16～22 题
Easy Listening
Students should be jealous. Not only do babies get to doze their days away, but they' ve also mastered the fine art of learning in their sleep.
By the time babies are a year old, they can recognize a lot of sounds and even simple words. Marie Cheour at the University of Turku in Finland suspected that they might progress this fast because they learn language while they sleep as well as when they are awake.
To test the theory, Cheour and their colleagues studied 45 newborn babies in the first days of their lives. They exposed all the infants to an hour of Finnish vowel sounds one that sounds like "oo", another like "ee" and the third boundary vowel peculiar to Finnish and similar languages that sounds like something in between. EEG(脑电图)recording of the infants brains before and after the session showed that the newborns could not distin-guish the sounds.
Fifteen of the babies then went back with their mothers, where the rest were split in-to two sleep-study groups. One group was exposed throughout their night-time sleeping hours to the same three vowels, while the others listened to the other, easier-to-distin-guish vowel sounds.
When tested in the morning, and again in the evening, the babies who' d heard the tricky boundary vowels all night showed brainwave activity indicating that they could now recognize this sound.They could identify the sound even when its pitch was changed, while none of the other babies could pick up the boundary vowel at all.
Cheour doesn't know how babies accomplish this nighttime learning, but she suspects that the special ability might indicate that unlike adults, babies don't "turn off" their cere-bral cortex (大脑皮层 ) while they sleep. The skill probably fades in the course of the first years of life, she adds - so forget the idea that you can pick up the tricky French vowels, as an adult just by slipping a language tape under your pillow. But while it may not help grown-ups, Cheour is hoping to use the sleeping hours to give remedial help to babies who are genetically at risk of.language disorders.
第 16 题 Babies can learn language even in their sleep.
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not mentioned
