A.规模经济带来长期平均成本下降,规模不经济引起长期平均成本上升
B.长期平均成本曲线表示厂商在长期内在每一产量水平上可以实现的可行的一般成本
C.规模报酬变化表现为先是递增、不变,然后递减决定了LAC曲线表现出先降后升的特征
D.长期平均成本曲线的形态与行业的不同特征有关,但是最终总会达到规模报酬递减的状况
图7-2(即教材第205页的图7-19)是某垄断厂商的长期成本曲线、需求曲线和收益曲线。试在图中标出:
(1)长期均衡点及相应的均衡价格和均衡产量;
(2)长期均衡时代表最优生产规模的SAC曲线和SMC曲线;
(3)长期均衡时的利润量。
已知某完全竞争行业中的单个厂商的短期成本函数为STC=0.1Q3-2Q2+15Q+10,试求:当市场上产品的价格为P=55时,厂商的短期均衡产量和利润。
假设某一特殊行业的信息如下:
QD=6500-100P市场需求
QS=1200P市场供给
C(q)=722+q2/200厂商总成本
MC(q)=2q/200
厂商边际成本
假定所有厂商完全同质,而且市场是完全竞争的。
(1)计算均衡价格、均衡产量、厂商供给产量和每家厂商的利润。
(2)在长期将有厂商进入还是退出市场?试解释。进入或退出将会对市场产生何种影响?
(3)在长期,每家企业销售其产品的最低价格为多少?利润是正的、负的还是为零?解释你的结论。
(4)在短期,每家企业销售其产品的最低价格为多少?利润是正的、负的还是为零?解释你的结论。
Suppose you are give the following information about a particular industry:
QD=6500-100P Market demand
QS=1200P Market supply
C(q)=722+q2/200 Firm total cost function
MC(q)=2q/200 Firm marginal cost function
Assume that all firms are identical and that the market is characterized by pure competition.
a. Find the equilibrium price, the equilibrium quantity, the output supplied by the firm, and the profit of each firm.
b. Would you expect to see entry into or exit from the industry in the long run? Explain. What effect will entry or exit have on market equilibrium?
e. What is the lowest price at which each firm would sell its output in the long run? Is profit positive, negative, or zero at this price? Explain.
d. What is the lowest price at which each firm would sell its output in the short run? Is profit positive, negative, or zero at this price? Explain.
完全竞争市场的长期均衡(10ng-run eqtlilibrim in a perfectly competitive market)