题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
Men who were widowed had a survival rate as low as those who had never been married.
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not mentioned
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Mothers and matchmakers(媒人) have always known that not being married is a definite health hazard. But when a team of researchers from the University of California, San Francisco, reported a few weeks ago that middle-aged (中年的) men without wives were actually twice as likely to die during a 10-year span(全长) as men with wives, the espoused and the spouseless alike stopped to take notice. It was the kind of news that swept through offices and watering holes-and it made people feel smug(自鸣得意的) or anxious, depending on their circumstances. Now the researchers who conducted the study are trying to find out what accounted for(说明,解释) the dramatic differences in survival rates.
The investigators, headed by UCSF associate professor of epidemiology arid biostatistics(生物统计学) Maradee A. Davis, had set out to examine the effect of various living arrangements on mortality. Because of the buffering social support marriage is known to provide, Davis and her colleagues fully expected to find that men and women dwelling alone fared(生活,进展) worst in survival rates. It came as some surprise, however, that in their study population, subjects who shared living quarters with people other than a spouse had the same lower survival rates as those who lived by themselves. "The critical factor, "Davis says, "seems to be the presence of a spouse."
The lower survival rates for the spouseless were found primarily in men who were widowed, separated or divorced, rather than in those who had never been married. Davis and her colleagues have already eliminated certain health factors as causes of higher mortality by adjusting their data to discount the effects of smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity and lack of exercise. Now they will look more closely at a variety of other considerations, such as blood pressure, cholesterol levels and chronic illnesses.
Sex roles: While many middle-aged men now know the difference between a cheese grater and a garlic press, nutrition may still account for some of the California study's findings. Previous research by Davis's team showed that unmarried men even if they lived with other people ate less healthy diets than married men. "Traditional sex roles have meant that men aren't as well informed as women about nutritional shopping and food preparation. "says Davis.
Emotional and social factors probably also played a role in higher mortality among the spouseless men. The San Francisco researchers will examine a randomly selected subgroup of their study population for more detailed medical data, and they'll look at a trait(特征) they call "general well-being. "This focuses on subjectively reported feelings and moods, rather than specific psychological symptoms. The researchers will analyze questionnaires that asked how frequently the men felt worried, nervous or poorly rested. But the team will also look at the causes of death; if the men without wives show higher rates of suicide or fatal accidents, it's likely that emotional stress contributed to(可助于, 促使)their higher mortality rate.
Davis has already discovered that the married men reported a significantly higher level of well-being than those who weren't married. So perhaps the explanation for their longer survival isn't really so complicated. Because they are cared for by nurturing wives, they just plain feel happier than the other guys do. And what better reason than for staying alive？
Environmental factors affect our health in important way.
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not mentioned
听力原文： Father's Day was first observed in Spokane, Washington, in 1910. [32]Mrs. Dodd first proposed the idea of a "father's day" in 1906. Mrs. Dodd wanted a special day to honor her father, William Smart, who was widowed when his wife died in childbirth after their sixth child was born. Mr. Smart was left to raise the newborn and his other five children by himself. Mrs. Dodd wanted Father's Day to be celebrated on the first Sunday in June, her father's birthday. But it wasn't until 1966 that President Lyndon Johnson signed a presidential proclamation, declaring the 3rd Sunday of June as Father's Day. [33]In 1972, President Richard Nixon established a permanent national ceremony of [34]Father's Day to be held on the third Sunday of June, coming almost sixty years after Mother's Day had been proclaimed a national holiday. Today, Father's Day has become a day to [35]not only honor your father, but all men who act as a father-like figure, such as stepfathers, uncles, grandfathers, and adult males.
(33)
A．William Smart.
B．Mrs. Dodd.
C．President Lyndon Johnson.
D．President Nixon.
听力原文： Father's Day was first observed in Spokane, Washington, in 1910. [32] Mrs. Dodd first proposed the idea of a "father's day" in 1906. Mrs. Dodd wanted a special day to honor her father, William Smart, who was widowed when his wife died in childbirth after their sixth child was born. Mr. Smart was left to raise the newborn and his other five children by himself. Mrs. Dodd wanted Father's Day to be celebrated on the first Sunday in June, her father's birthday. But it wasn't until 1966 that President Lyndon Johnson signed a presidential proclamation, declaring the 3rd Sunday of June as Father's Day. [33] In 1972, President Richard Nixon established a permanent national ceremony of [34] Father's Day to be held on the third Sunday of June, coming almost sixty years after Mother's Day had been proclaimed a national holiday. Today, Father's Day has become a day to [35] not only honor your father, but all men who act as a father-like figure, such as stepfathers, uncles, grandfathers, and adult males.
(33)
A．William Smart.
B．Mrs. Dodd.
C．President Lyndon Johnson.
D．President Nixon.
Persons who took part in the test were ________.
A．college students
B．twelve men
C．H.M. Clarke and his assistants
D．performers
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
The men who conquered Mt. Everest were from ______.
A．Nepal
B．England
C．China
D．a country in Asia
A．challenged the rights of
B．criticized the views of
C．interviewed the leaders of
D．changed the character of
Why did Jenny kept her old love letters？
A．Because she loved some of the men who wrote to her.
B．Because she thought they were a part of her life.
C．Because her daughter often played with them.
Friendship and Living Longer
Do you want to be healthier and live longer？ Spend time with your friends. That is the prescription given by several medical studies. These surveys show that people with strong social ties--to friends, family and loved ones, even pets live longer and enjoy better health than lonely people.
One study in California, for example, followed 7,000 people over a period Of nine years. The subjects were asked to describe their social ties. Some said that they were isolated from others. These subjects had death rates two or three times higher than people with families and friends.
The stronger the social ties to others, the study found, the lower the death rate. The pattern held true for men and women, young and old, rich and poor. The race of the subject did not change the result. It also applied to people with different life styles. Cigarette smokers who had friends lived longer than friendless smokers. Joggers involved with other people lived longer than joggers who lived isolated lives.
Another study confirms this result. The University of Michigan looked at 2,754 adults in Tecumseh, Michigan. The researchers carefully measured their subjects' health at the beginning of the study. The lonely, isolated people started out as healthy as the others. But over ten years, they were two to four times as likely to die.
Other findings also show the health value of personal ties. Married men and women tend to live longer than single, divorced or widowed people of the same age. In nursing homes, patients became more aware and responsive when they played with cats and dogs. Pet owners are more likely to survive heart attacks than people without pets.
Another kind of proof that social ties support good health comes from Japan. Most Japanese people live hectic lives in cities as crowded, noisy, and polluted as ours. Such a way of life seems unhealthy. Yet the Japanese are among the healthiest and longest-lived people in the world. One reason may be their diet. Another reason, though, is the way of life. The Japanese have strong ties to family and co-workers. These ties are rarely broken. For example, companies tend to move co-workers as a group, rather than one at a time. Thus the work groups remain the same.
Studies of Japanese-Americans support the importance of the role of Japanese social life in preserving their health. Japanese-Americans who live in strongly Japanese neighborhoods and have mainly Japanese friends tend to live longer than those who do not. Both groups eat mostly American-style. food and many in both groups smoke and drink. Thus it appears to be the strong social ties of Japanese communities that keep their members healthy.
Why is it more healthy to have friends and loved ones？ We don't know exactly. But it is probably a combination of several explanations. In part, people with strong social ties may simply have more to live for. They have loved ones or family who share their lives. They have friends who call them and ask them how they are doing. They have get-togethers to look forward to.
Social contacts also provide us with a buffer against the shocks of life. At some point, each of us moves, changes a job, or loses a loved one. Such abrupt changes tend to cause increase in the rates of many diseases. These include heart disease, cancer, strokes, and mental illnesses. Accidents are also more likely to happen to people whose lives have suddenly changed. Friends, loved ones, even a loyal dog can help us to get through the otherwise very rough changes that we must deal with in life.
Finally, friends and loved ones can affect our health in still another way. If we are smokers, they may help us to quit. If we overeat, they may urge us to cut back. They can remind us to go for medical checkups. And if we have fears or sadness bottled up inside us, friends
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
