A.消费者Consumer进程进行了一个超长GC回收
B.Consumer长时间不去Broker拉取消息
C.组协调器在一个session.timeout.ms周期内没有收到Heartbeat消息
D.组协调器在一个heartbeat.interval.ms周期内没有收到Heartbeat消息
数向上移动。这种移动如何影响投资和利率?
Suppose that all increase in consumer confidence raises consumers' expectations of future income and thus the amount they want to consume today. This might be interpreted as an upward shift in the consumption function. How does this shift affect investment and the interest rate?
序数效用和基数效用的区别是什么?解释对消费者选择排序时为什么并不需要基数效用的假定。
What is the difference between ordinal utility and cardinal utility? Explain why the assumption of cardinal utility is not needed in order to rank consumer choices.