题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
Many automobile accidents were ______careless driving.
A．attributed to
B．resulted in
C．contributed to
D．raised from
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听力原文： When the automobile was first invented, few people thought of buying one. Gradually, as cars were improved, more people wanted to buy them. Men tried to think of new and better ways to manufacture automobiles. Finally, Henry Ford set up a factory with an assembly line to produce automobiles.
Even with his new system of manufacturing the automobile industry remained fairly small. Almost all the assembly work was done in a few large factories near Detroit, Michigan. Then the cars were shipped to wholesalers all over the country. Wholesalers bought the cars from the factory and sold them to auto traders in each city. The traders then sold the cars to the people who wanted to buy them.
During the 1920s, this system began to change. The automobile industry had grown rapidly. Soon it was no longer practical to have assembly plants in Detroit only. New plants were built all over the country. With plants near each trader, the wholesaler' s job was unnecessary. The traders could buy cars directly from the factory.
Many other kinds of industries have moved their factories from the cities to small towns. In place of large factory, these companies now have several smaller plants. Like the automobile industry, they have found that many small factories can be more efficient than fewer large plants.
(34)
A．A factory with more automobiles.
B．A factory with improved cars.
C．A factory with an assembly line.
D．A factory with few people.
Section IV Writing
(35 minutes)
66. The automobile industry has enjoyed a continuous boom in the past ten years. Here is a
discussion on this topic:
(1) Some people think automobiles bring convenience.
(2) Other people think automobiles bring many problems.
(3) My points of view on automobiles.
In your essay, you should use the three pieces of information mentioned above.
You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
M: Well, er...I wouldn't say a lot of factories. I would say a few large factories mainly in the automobile industry...where the work is of a very boring condition, and I think most workers who go on strike look upon it as a...a change from the daily routine.
Q: What does the man suggest as a reason for strikes in the automobile industry？
(16)
A．The workers want to change their jobs.
B．The work there is dull.
C．The work there is much too demanding.
D．The workers there are strike-prone.
According to the speaker, what mistakes do many drivers make？
A．They drive full time.
B．They do not concentrate on their window-shopping.
C．They cannot see the hood of their car.
D．They drive while tired or worried.
听力原文： Today we'll examine the role that private transportation-namely，the automobile-plays in city planning.
A number of sociologists blame the automobile for the decline of the downtown areas of major cities. In the 1950's and 1960's，the automobile made it possible to work in the city and yet live in the suburbs many miles away. Shopping patterns changed；instead of going to downtown stores，people in the suburbs went to large shopping malls outside the city and closer to the home. Merchants in the city failed，and their stores closed.
Downtown shopping areas became deserted. In recent years there's been a rebirth of the downtown area，as many suburbanites have moved back to the city. They've done this，of course，to avoid highways blocked with commuters from the suburbs. I've chosen this particular city planning problem-our dependence on private transportation-to discuss in groups. I'm hoping you will all come up with some novel solutions. Oh，and don't approach the problem from a purely sociological perspective；try to take into account environmental and economic issues as well.
(30)
A．It eliminated many factory jobs．
B．It allowed workers to live far from their jobs．
C．It gave workers opportunity for better training．
D．It allowed workers to spend more time at home．
The basketball example implied that ______.
A．too much patriotism was displayed in the accident
B．the announcement to prolong the match was wrong
C．the appeal jury was hesitant in making the decision
D．the American team was right in rejecting their silver medals
Recycling
One of the most important changes in how modern societies respond to the problems of waste and its disposal is the development of techniques and processes for recycling materials that have been thrown away. Of course, recycling means that the material was cycled before. What the word really means is that the material has gone from a raw material to a factory or production process to use by a consumer. Most plastics, for example, began as crude oil from oil wells. A manufacturing process changes some of the chemicals in oil to plastics. The plastics are made into thousands of products and sent on to consumers who use them. When consumers are finished with their plastic bottles or toys or packages, they throw them away.
Unfortunately, as we often see on automobile bumper stickers, "Throw it away？ There is no away." What that means, of course, is that as we produce more and more waste, safe and easy places to put it are be coming fewer and fewer. Moreover, oil for plastics, trees for paper, and coal and oil to make heat for glass and metal production are also becoming harder to find and more expensive. One solution that can help solve problems of both supply and disposal is recycling, or using the same material more than once.
As an idea, recycling has been around for a long time. In fact, we might say that it has always been around, as long as people have used something after it has been used for something else. Using a coconut shell as a container after the coconut has been eaten may have occurred long ago. Glass jars are used to store screws or nails in many homes. Many industries have reused materials. Steel mills have added old steel to their furnaces, and glass companies have done the same with old glass. Paper has also been reused. In recent years, however, recycling is being seen as a more and more important way to reduce waste and the use of raw materials.
Many cities in the United States have begun recycling programs for household waste. Household waste, or the trash and garbage that we throw away from our homes, is made up mostly of paper. Food is the second largest part, but glass and metal are the next largest. Together, paper, glass, and metal make up almost 75 percent of the trash we throw away. If we could recycle much of that, we could greatly reduce the amount of trash we have to find a place for.
Some governments are also requiring more recycling. Japan already recycles about 50 percent of its household trash. The German government now has a very strict law requiring that most plastics and metal be recycled. This law has made a big change in the way automobiles are built and sold. Under the new law, automobile manufacturers must buy a car back when it is no longer useful. The car must then be separated into materials that can be recycled—metals, plastics, glass, and so on. This law has made automobile manufacturers think more carefully about the kinds of materials that go into automobiles and how those materials are used.
Recycling does not always go smoothly. Sometimes industries are not able to use all of the old material that is available.If paper manufacturers cannot use all of the old paper that is available, there will be no one to buy it and it will still have to be thrown away. The same is true for many metals and plastics. In Germany, problems have developed with their new law, because more materials are being recovered than manufacturers of new items can use. The government has to buy these materials, and it is costing a lot of money.
Closely related to the problem of usability is the problem of cost of recovery. There are many types of plastics, and not all of them can be reused or reused together. They have to be separated, cleaned, and sorted. Automobiles are made up of many types of metals and plastics. Separating all of these materials and recovering them for re
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
Transportation
Visitors to America are immediately struck by the tremendous numbers of automobiles filling the highways and crowding the city streets. The automobile, which has transformed the American way of life, is the most indispensable workhorse of the family. During the week the father drives it to his job in the city, alone, or in a "car pool" arrangement with several of his fellow workers. When he leaves it at home, his wife uses it constantly to do errands(差事), to haul groceries, to drive children to lessons or appointments, to shops or swimming pools. On weekends the family drives out to the country for a picnic lunch or may take a trip of several hundred miles. On vacations, no corner of the country is beyond the family's reach.
Transportation Changed People's Life
All of America has felt the changes which came with the automobile and with the network of highways that have been built to serve it. Farmers, who live far from their neighbors, are no longer isolated. Tractors do the work of the many farmhands they cannot afford to hire; trucks carry their products to market, to storage elevators or to railroads.
Ownership of cars has made it possible for families to move out of cities to suburban areas and to small towns in the countryside, sometimes as much as 50 miles from where they work. Many businesses and stores have followed their customers to establish rural factories and suburban shopping centers surrounded by huge parking lots.
Traffic Problems
Traffic jams in cities and along the approaches to cities, especially at morning and evening rush hours and at the start and end of weekends, are difficult problems. How to find enough parking spaces in the cities, even with underground parking lots and many-storied "pigeonhole" parking structures, is another problem. More highways and wider ones are needed as fast as they can be built.
New Means of Transportation
America's good roads are very recent. When pioneer families crossed the country in covered wagons little more than 100 years ago along deep-rutted(有车辙的) roads, they were fortunate if they could make the trip in 109 days. Less than 60 years ago an automobile made the same trip and it still took 74 days, rather than 7 days it might take today. America had very few good roads before the mass production of the automobile made them necessary.
Now it takes a tremendous road building program, great sums of money, thousands of men, machines with wheels taller than the men who drive them and a great deal of planning to keep up with the highway needs of American. Thousands of miles of roads, most of which four and eight lanes wide, are being built, including expressways through and around large cities. They will scarcely keep up with the need, for there are many more cars each year. The number of cars in America is growing faster than the population. In two cities there are already more cars than families.
Before the modern highways were built, America's railroads carried people and products across the country. Railroads played an exciting and colorful part in the growth of America in the second half of the nineteenth century. Their iron tracks bound the country together and along their lines sprang up the cities, towns and villages that served as the market places for Americans moving West. In 1869 the first transcontinental railway was completed and at the point in Utah where the track from the East met the track from the West, a solid gold railway spike was driven in to fasten down the rail.
Today the railroads still serve as America's largest carrier of freight, hauling raw materials and goods to factories and stores, but they no longer carry many of America's travelers. In 1971 part of the railroads were put under government control when the National Passenger Corporation(known as Amtrak) took over responsibility for all intercity passeng
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
听力原文： When cars first started appearing on the streets of the world, few people took them seriously. They were toys--playthings for grown men who didn't have much to do. No one thought that the automobile would become the world's most popular means of transportation.
When Henry Ford started selling his Model T in 1908, he changed all that. Ford believed that a car should be low-cost transportation that everyone could afford. So he decided to make such a car. First, he wanted a dependable automobile that wouldn't break down easily. Then he wanted a simple engine that almost anyone could fix.
Ford wanted to sell the car at a low price, so he had to make it at a low cost. Thus he made only one model and designed one color--black.
In 1932, the Duesenberg brothers produced a car that many people think it was the most luxurious automobile ever made--the Duesenberg SJ. Every Duesenberg car was custom-made, so each one was different. But it usually weighed about 7,000 pounds and had a very wide wheelbase--150 inches. It also had a 400 horsepower engine that could drive the huge car from zero to 100 miles per hour in 17 seconds.
The inside was very luxurious, too. It had the best silk, leather, silver and wood. A Dusenberg car was definitely expensive but rich people often felt that they had to own one. Unfortunately, the car cost so much to produce that the company lost money. In 1937, after making only 500 of them, the Duesenbergs stopped producing this kind of cars forever.
(33)
A．The two models of cars.
B．The history of car industry.
C．The development of cars in America.
D．The structure of Duesenberg cars.
