题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
The jumps from one eye fixation to the next are called ______.
A．staccado
B．saccate
C．saccadic
D．static
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更多“The jumps from one eye fixatio…”相关的问题
A．Building ski jumps farther away from the city.
B．Developing better public transportation in the city.
C．Planting more trees around the fields.
D．Promoting the use of cleaner energy.
A．it occurs over and over again
B．it changes whenever it jumps species
C．it is so catastrophic that it causes more death
D．it is mysterious and difficult to detect
The eyeballs become sore and the eye muscles ache because______.
A．tears cover the eyeballs
B．the eyes are annoyed by blinding sunlight
C．the eyes are annoyed by blinding snow
D．there is nothing to focus on
Many people believe the glare(耀眼的强光)from snow causes snowblindness. Yet, dark glasses or not they find themselves suffering from headaches and watering eyes, and even snowblindness, when exposed to several hours of "snow light". The United States Army has now determined that the glare from snow does not cause snowblindness in troops in a snow-covered country. Rather, a mans eyes frequently find nothing to focus on in a broad expanse of a snow-covered area. So his gaze continually shifts and jumps back and forth over the entire landscape in search of something to look at. Finding nothing, hour after hour, the eyes never stop searching and the eyeballs become sore and the eye muscle aches. Nature balances this annoyance by producing more and more liquid which covers the eyeballs. The liquid covers the eyeballs in increasing quantity until vision blurs(模糊). And the result is total, even though temporary, snowblindness. Experiments led the Army to a simple method of overcoming this problem. Scouts(侦察兵)ahead of a main body of troops are trained to shake snow from evergreen bushes, creating a dotted line as they cross completely snow-covered landscape. Even the scouts themselves throw lightweight, dark-colored objects ahead on which they too can focus. The men following can then see something. Their gaze is arrested. Their eyes focus on a bush and having found something to see, stop searching through the snow-blanketed landscape. By focusing their attention on one object at a time, the man can cross the snow without becoming hopelessly snowblind or lost. In this way the problem of crossing a solid white area is overcome. Question: The first paragraph is mainly concerned with______.
A．snow glare and snowblindness
B．the whiteness from snow
C．headaches, watering eyes and snowblindness
D．the need for dark glasses
Eye Movement and Several Faults in Reading
Suppose you do this experiment with a friend. Get hold of a book with a large page size and lines that run right across the page. Get your friend to hold the book up and to read it with the top of the book just below his eye level. This means that you can watch the movement of his eyes as he reads the page. If you do this, you will see that your friend's eyes do not make a continuous forward sweep. Instead, they progress by little "jumps" moving, then stopping, as they progress along the line. This kind of jumping movement is called a saccadic movement(跳跃).
There has to he this starting and stopping movement because the eye can see only when it is still motionless. Every time the eye pauses it sees a phrase or even a sentence then jumps to the next part of the line and so on.
There is another interesting fact about eye movement. If you record the eye movements of someone who is reading, you will notice that, from time to time, the reader goes back and looks again at something he has read before; in other words, he regresses(回视) an earlier part of the text, probably because he realizes he does not understand the passage properly. Then he comes back to where he left off and continues reading. At one time, it was though that regression was a fault, but it is in fact a very necessary activity in efficient reading.
There are several different kinds of faults in reading, which are usually more exaggerated with foreign language learners. The most common one is that most people read everything at the same slow speed, and do not seem to realize that they can read faster or slower as required. Other people say the words to themselves, or move their lips-these habits slow the reader down to something near speaking speed, which is of course much slower than reading speed. Another habit that can slow you down is following the line with your finger, or with a pen.
What phenomenon can you see in the experiment mentioned at the beginning of the passage？
A．People's eyes sweep forward continuously while reading.
B．People's eyes do not make a forward sweep while reading.
C．People's eyes do not "jump" forward while reading.
D．People's eyes move forward in a "jumping" way while reading.
根据短文回答 51～65 题。
Making the Leap
Jumps play a big role in many styles of dancing.Generally, what makes a jump impressive is its hang time,the amount of time a dancer spends in the air.
The quest for greater hang time is a battle against gravity, the constant
____________(51)pull of Earth,said Laws.To leave the ground at all.a dancer has to use leg muscles to create an upward push that is greater than Earth's downward pull.But the final____________ (52)of any jump depends on just one thing：the upward speed of the body just as the dancer leaves the ground.
Strengthening muscles so they can push harder is one obvious____________ (53)to achieve higher jumps and increase hang time.But ballet dancers also use a simple trick to gain the illusion of staying in the air longer without actually doing S0.In a huge sideways jump called a grand jeté(小跳),a____________(54)ballet dancer seems to float for an impossible length of time.Of course,a dancer can't really hang in the air.The laws of physics decree that during any jump,a dancer's center of gravity must follow a parabola(抛物线).A parabola is the same____________ (55)path a ball takes when you throw it into the air.So how do dancers make it look like they're hanging in the air？
A dancer____________ (56)the illusion of floating in the air by lifting her legs and arms as she approaches the peak of the jump.The____________ (57) of her body
responds by sinking a bit.If her timing is just right,she'll seem to float sideways,instead of rising and fallin9.The effect is not only beautiful；it____________ (58)makes the jump seem bigger by" stretching out" the peak.
Of course,what goes up must come down.During a typical grand jete,a dancer's center of gravity raises 2 feel____________(59)the ground。Pulled by gravity from such a height,the dancer's body falls very fast—roughly 3.4 meters per second—by the time it reaches the floor.
As it falls,the body carries with it momentum(动量).Momentum is the weight of the body multiplied by its____________ (60).The bigger the body is and the faster it falls,the greater its momentum.
The only way a dancer can stop dropping through the air is by stopping the body's momentum,which requires an____________ (61)force—the ground.Landing can____________ (62)injuries.The dancer can ease the landing by bending her knees and letting her arms fall。but she also gets help from an unexpected source：the floor.Wooden dance floors are designed to____________(63)like shock absorbers.They can recoil(回缩)as much as an inch under extreme pressure.That little bit of give(弹性)makes a big____________(64).Landing on a wooden floor, the dancer undergoes a slower change in momentum than she would hitting a rigid floor.The give in the floor allows the decrease in momentum to happen more____________ (65) with less force and less chance of injury.
第 51 题
A．side
B．upward
C．up
D．downward
According to the passage, the aim of the teacher is to ______.
A．train his pupils to reach quickly the stage of reading without having to concentrate on the separate symbols
B．help his pupils look at each printed symbol for its meaning as well as for its shape
C．help his pupils avoid taking long jumps and making short pauses while they are trying to get the meaning of what they are reading
D．tell his pupils different reading stages, of which the first one is to recognize the separate printed symbols
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
Many people believe that the glare from snow causes snowblindness. Yet, dark glasses or not, they find themselves suffering from headaches and watering eyes, and even snowblindness, when exposed to several hours of "snow light".
The United States Army has now determined that glare from snow does not cause snowblindness in troops in a snow-covered country. Rather, a man's eyes frequently find nothing to focus on in a broad expanse of barren snow-covered terrain. So his gaze continually shifts and jumps back and forth over the entire landscape in search of something to look at. Finding nothing, hour after hour, the eyes never stop searching and the eyeballs become sore and the eye muscles ache. Nature offsets this irritation by producing more and more fluid which covers the eyeballs. The fluid covers the eyeball in increasing quantity until vision blurs, then is obscured, and the result is total, even though temporary, snowblindness.
Experiments led to the Army to a simple method of overcoming this problem. Scouts ahead of a main body of troops are trained to shake snow from evergreen bushes, creating a dotted line as they cross completely snow-covered landscape. Even the scouts themselves throw lightweight, dark colored objects ahead on which they too can focus. The men following can then see something. Their gaze is arrested. Their eyes focus on a bush and having found something to see, stop scouring the snow-blanketed landscape. By focusing their attention on one object at a time, the men can cross the snow without becoming hopelessly snowblind or lost. In this way the problem of crossing a solid white terrain is overcome.
26. To prevent headache, watering eyes and blindness caused by the glare from snow, dark glasses are _____.
A) indispensable
B) useful
C) ineffective
D) available
27. When the eyes are sore tears are produced to _____.
A) clear the vision
B) remedy snowblindness
C) ease the irritation
D) loosen the muscles
28. Snowblindness may be avoided by _____.
A) concentrating on the solid white terrain
B) searching for something to look at in snow-covered terrain
C) providing the eyes with something to focus on
D) covering the eyeballs with fluid
29. The eyeballs become sore and the eye muscles ache because _____.
A) tears cover the eyeballs
B) the eyes are irritated by blinding sunlight
C) the eyes are irritated by blinding snow
D) there is nothing to focus on
30. A suitable title for the passage would be _____.
A) Snowblindness and How to Overcome It
B) Nature's Cure for Snowblindness
C) Soldiers in the Snow
D) Snow Vision
The weather was fine and the wind was well below the 10 mph (miles per hour) maximum allowed for jumping.
Free-falling with eight other members of her parachute club, Elizabeth watched the Cambridge shire countryside spread out beneath her. At 2,000 feet she opened her parachute. Seconds later she had the most terrifying experience of her life. At 800 feet and right on target for the landing zone, a massive gust of wind picked her up and swept her away from the airfield near Pampisford Village. As she fought with the parachute strings to get back on course, a main road and lines of trees loomed up before her. Using every ounce of strength she managed to clear them. But then came the moment of horror. She saw herself heading straight for three 11,000 volt electrical power tines. Elizabeth crashed into the tines before she had time to think or decide anything. Came with it a tremendous flash and bang.
Elizabeth, dazed but otherwise unhurt, found herself on the ground. She looked up. Her parachute was entangled around the cables.
What happened is not exactly clear. But what is certain is that she missed death by inches. Had her body connected simultaneously with two of the cables, she would have been electrocuted in an instant. But it seemed her body bounced off one cable and her parachute pulled the three cables together and fused the lot.
Elizabeth rose to her feet, calmly released herself from the harness and was able to walk away. Later at her home in Bristol, Elizabeth, a third-year law undergraduate, said: "My friends saw the flash, heard the bang and raced over. They were surprised to see me in one piece."
Her mother, Sue Ryder, whose husband was a famous Second World War bomber pilot, said, "Elizabeth had a miraculous escape. We were enormously relieved. But she is a very competent parachutist and was so calm about it that she went on to stay with friends."
Elizabeth, who has no intention of stopping parachuting, later discovered that her collision had fused the entire electrical supply in Pampisford.
An Eastern Electricity Board spokesman said, "She is very lucky to be alive. If she had touched two of the cables simultaneously, she would have been killed without a doubt."
Which of the following statement is true？
A．Elizabeth was not at all experienced in parachute jumping.
B．Elizabeth jumped from the twin-engine plane all by herself.
C．The wind was a bit strong when Elizabeth jumped out.
D．It was by sheer luck that Elizabeth escaped death.
When a good reader is at work, he does not look at letters, nor even at words, one by one, however quickly; he takes in the meaning of two, three, or four words at a time, in a single moment. Watch carefully the eyes of a person who is reading, and it will be seen that they do not travel smoothly along the lines of print, but they move by jumps separated by very short stops. The eyes of a very good reader move quickly, taking long jumps and making very short halts (停顿); the eyes of a poor reader move more slowly, taking only short jumps and stopping longer at each halt. Some- times, when he meets a difficulty, he even goes backwards to see again what has already been looked at once.
The teacher’s task is therefore clear: it is to train his pupils to take in several words at a glance (one "eye jump" ) and remove the necessity for going backwards to read something a second time.
This shows at once that letter-by-letter, or syllable-by-syllable (音节), or word-by-word reading, with the finger pointing to the word, carefully fixing each one in turn, is wrong, It is wrong because such a method ties the pupil’s eye down to a very short jump. Moreover, a very short jump is too short to provide any meaning or sense; and it will be found that having struggled with three or four words separately, the pupil has to look at them again, all together and in one group, in order to get the meaning of the whole phrase.
Which of the following is closest in meaning to the first paragraph？
A．Pupils should be trained to reach quickly the stage of reading without having to concentrate on the separate symbols.
B．Pupils should look at each printed symbol for its meaning as well as for its shape.
C．Teachers should help their pupils avoid looking at the shape of the printed symbols.
D．Teachers should tell their pupils the different stages of their study.
