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Many states provide funds for voluntary cleanup programmes to ______brownfields.
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更多“Many states provide funds for …”相关的问题
听力原文： Good morning, and welcome to American studies 101. I would like to begin this semester by discussing the region of the United States known as the Northeast. This region includes twelve states and a small area called the District of Columbia that is the home of the national government.
The Northeast is a very important part of the United States, for although it covers only about six percent of the nation's geographical area, it contains approximately one-fourth of the country's population. New York, the most popular city in the United States, and several other large cities are located in this region.
Why are these twelve states so important？ In the first place, the Northeast was one of the first sections of the country to be settled by Europeans. Busy cities developed there when most of America was still a sparsely settled wilderness. Many crucial events in the nation's early history took place there. I'll be describing some of those events Wednesday in my second lecture.
Today the Northeast is a great manufacturing and trading region. Thousands of factories produce a wide variety of goods and provide other regions of the country, with items they need. Many large manufacturing firms have their central headquarters here. Some of the country's largest banks, investment agencies, and publishing houses are found in the Northeast. Several of its cities are noted for their fine museums. Some of the country's best known colleges and universities are also located in this region.
Finally the Northeast is the principal location for much of the country's international trade. In the heart of this region New York city is the home of the United Nations.
(33)
A．On the first day of class.
B．At the end of the first week of classes.
C．Halfway through the semester.
D．Just before the final examination.
【C1】
A．endless
B．numerous
C．multiple
D．uncountable
In the United States and Canada the terms college and university can describe a variety of institutions. A college may form. one major division of a university, offering programs in a specific academic field that lead to undergraduate or graduate degrees, or both. Colleges may also be independent of a university, offering four-year programs of general education that lead to a bachelor's degree in the liberal arts and sciences. Some independent colleges offer a limited number of graduate programs, but usually their primary mission is to provide undergraduate education. Community colleges offer two-year programs of general education or vocational education.
Universities generally comprise various colleges and professional schools that make up the academic divisions of the institution. For example, a university may include a college of arts and sciences in addition to professional schools of education, law, medicine, and engineering. Universities provide higher education leading to a bachelor's degree as well as professional and graduate programs leading to master' s and doctoral degrees. Colleges and universities in the United States and Canada may be public institutions supported by federal, state, provincial, or municipal governments, or they may be private (independent) institutions.
A. Community Colleges
Community colleges typically offer the first two years of general undergraduate education. Most also offer adult educational programs, vocational education, and technical training. Community colleges confer associate degrees for successful completion of most two-year programs. Many students in community colleges complete the first two years of their college education in these institutions and then transfer the credits to a four-year college. Other community college students pursue vocational, technical, and other pre-professional programs. Because community colleges typically have lower tuition rates than four-year colleges and universities, they offer significant advantages to many students.
B. Public Colleges and Universities
Aside from a few four-year colleges supported by municipal governments or the federal government, most public colleges and universities in the United States are state institutions. In most cases, state boards of higher education provide funds for these schools and oversee their programs of instruction. Most state governments establish systems of higher education, such as the State University of New York System or the University of California System, which comprise groups of interconnected college or university campuses.
State colleges and universities have diverse origins. Although some four-year institutions were originally established as state colleges and universities, many originated in the early 19th century as two-yea
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
That is because there is very little【C5】______aid for foreign students in the United States. Foreign【C6】______students have more chances than undergraduates do,【C7】______it is still limited. Most financial aid【C8】______public and private groups is【C9】______to American citizens. Some countries give money to their【C10】______to study in the United States on the【C11】______that they will return to their own countries to work.
The United States government【C12】______aid for students from some countries. They can ask at the【C13】______Embassy or an Agency for International Development Office【C14】______this is true in their country. A local university may also have such【C15】______.
Some American colleges do provide money rather than scholarships to foreign students. A list of these can be【C16】______at a very useful Internet website,【C17】______also provides information about where to write for【C18】______and loans. And it warns foreign students not【C19】______pay any money for scholarship applications. Such requests are【C20】______.
【C1】
A．where
B．when
C．unless
D．after
【C1】
A．interested
B．informed
C．instructed
D．involved
The Poverty Line
In the United States during 1992, any family of four with an annual cash income of less than ＄14,335(before taxes) was considered poor. The dollar amount was called the poverty line, an economic measuring rod devised in 1964. the line was set at three times the amount needed to provide the cheapest nutritionally balanced diet. The poverty line is adjusted annually for inflation.
While the poverty line in the United States was more than ＄14,000, the average annual per-person income in Bangladesh was ＄200, in Ethiopia average annual per-person income in Bangladesh was ＄200, in Ethiopia ＄130, in Haiti ＄340, and in Mall ＄265. Anyone in those nations with an income of ＄14,000 would be considered wealthy. During the Great Depression in the United States, when half the population was considered poor, a family with an income at the 1992 poverty line could afford to buy a house, a car, clothing, and food.
The reality of poverty varies with location and social and political conditions. Poverty basically means a lack of, or an insufficient amount of, the three primary physical needs—food, clothing, and shelter. But for poverty to be recognized, it must exist alongside prosperity. Before the discovery of the New World, the American Indians would not have considered themselves poor, though they lived with only the bare necessities and a few handmade artifacts(人工制品).
The severity of poverty varies, depending on the economic vitality of the nation in which it occurs. In the modern industrialized societies of the nation in which it occurs. In the modern industrialized societies of Western Europe, North America, and Japan, there are many government services provided to ease poverty—including free medical care and subsidized housing. The homeless of New York City and Los Angeles can usually find some shelter and a mission offering free meals.
You would be considered poor in America if ______.
A．you are out of a job
B．you earn less than three times the amount needed to provide the cheapest diet
C．you earn less than ＄14,335 (before taxes) per year
D．the amount of money you earn is below the current poverty line
A recent【C2】______from the Institute of International Education in New York looked at the 2005 -2005 school year:
Colleges and universities in the United States had more than half a million foreign students. 53% of them paid for school【C3】______by themselves or with family help. 26% were【C4】______by the school they attended. There are other【C5】______of financial aid for international students. These include a student's【C6】______government or university, or the United States government. Private sponsors, international organizations and employers may also provide support.
【C7】______during the last school year, not many students were able to depend on【C8】______of these other sources. Current employers provided the most help.【C9】______, they represented the main support for just four percent of international students. Those at the graduate level,【C10】______, are more likely than undergraduates to【C11】______financial aid.
More than eighty percent of foreign【C12】______depended mostly on personal and family money to pay for school【C13】______year. The same was true【C14】______less than half of graduate students.
A【C15】______of American schools that offer financial aid to【C16】______students can be found at a useful Web site. The【C17】______is edupass, org. This site also provides information about scholarship programs. But it【C18】______foreign students not to pay【C19】______there is any charge for scholarship application forms. You could be【C20】______out of your money.
【C1】
A．debt
B．education
C．accommodation
D．bill
At a science museum in Canada, you can feel your hair stand on end as harmless electricity passes through your body. At the Children's Museum in New York, you can play an African drum. There are no "Do Not Touch" signs in some other museums in the USA.
More and more museum directors have realized that people learn best when they can become part of what they are seeing. In many science museums, the visitors are encouraged to touch, listen, operate and experiment so as to discover scientific rules for themselves.
The purpose is not only to provide fun, but also help people feel at home in the world of science. If people don't understand science, they will be afraid of it; and if they are afraid of science, they will not make the best use of it.
One cause of all these changes is the increase in wealth and spare time. Another cause is the growing number of young people in the population. Many of them are college students or college graduates. They see things in a new and different way. They want art that they can take part in. The same is true of science and history.
The old museums have been changing and the government is encouraging the building of new and modern museums. In the United States and Canada, there are more than 6,000 museums, almost twice as many as there were 25 years ago.
The directors of the museums have realized ______.
A．the importance of scientific rules
B．people learn best when they look at something
C．visitors prefer to learn from museums
D．the museums need changes
U.S. States Do Poorly in Women's Health
Not a single U.S. state meets basic federal goals for women's health, and the nation as a whole fails except in two areas -- mammograms (乳腺X照片) and dental (牙齿的) check-ups -- researchers said on Thursday.
Millions of women lack health insurance, and states make it difficult to enroll (加入) in Medicaid, the state-federal health insurance plan for the poor, according to the report.
And few states are doing anywhere near enough to help women quit smoking – the leading cause of death in the United States.
"The nation as a whole and the individual states fall short of meeting national goals, "reads the report, put together by the National Women's Law Center and the Oregon Health & Science University. "These health goals provide a road map for assessing the status of women's health."
Of 27 measures examined by the group, from screening for diseases to actually treating them, the nation passes on only two, the researchers said. "The nation is so far from the health goals that it receives an overall grade of 'unsatisfactory'," they wrote.
The problem seems to be a lack among states of an overall plan for health in general, the NWLC said."State policy makers' piecemeal (一件一件做的) approach to our health care crisis has resulted in a complex and ineffective system that fails to meet the health care needs of women," Judy Waxman, NWLC Vice President for Health, said in a statement.
"Lawmakers need to take a comprehensive, long-term approach to meeting
women's health needs and tackle this serious problem that troubles so many families."
第 31 题 In which area is the nation successful？
A．Dental check-ups.
B． Health promotion.
C． Disease screening.
D． Cancer treatment.
