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That disease might be due to lack of some essential factor in the diet had little place in

the thinking of 50 years age. . (46) As deficiency diseases came to be recognized and understood, the next step was the realization that lack of nutritional and endocrine factors affects primarily the chemistry of the body. Disease resulting from a "biochemical lesion' and structural changes are late effects, secondary to change in function.

This revolution in medical thought had profound consequences. The great nutrition- al diseases that flourished within the lifetime of some doctors still in practice have now vanished wherever medical knowledge has been linked with proper administration of food supplies. (47) Yet in the streets of our big cities we still see elderly people, bandy-legged, stunted and pigeon-chested, who carry the scars of it. Pellagra, prior to 1940, affected tens of thousands of poor people in the southern states of the USA; better knowledge of nutritional needs and, above all, improved economic circumstances have largely swept it away. The classic nutritional diseases occur only in situations where there is a failure both of food supplies and medical care that regrettably is still the case in many parts of the world.

Even in times of severe food shortage, proper application of medical knowledge can do much to overcome the worst effects of qualitative dietary deficiencies; medicine can deal with beriberi, scurvy and pellagra, but has no direct means of treating the effects of underfeeding—under-nutrition. (48)

The present world population is estimated to be more than 3,500 million and in- creasing by 70 million per year. In the absence of major catastrophes, there will be more than twice as many inhabitants in the world by the year 2000 as there are today. (49) The greatest threat to the well-being of mankind is this explosive population growth rate. One third of the world' s population receivers less than 2,000 kcal/ head/day. Agricultural production is hampered by had climates, soil erosion, lack of fertilizers, antiquated farming methods, political upheavals and war. This situation will steadily deteriorate unless national programs of population control and family planning based on modern contraceptive techniques are evolved and effectively put into operation. (50)

A. Consequently, lack of sufficient food continues to be a most serious cause of bad health in many underdeveloped regions.

B. Florid rickets is now a clinical curiosity in Britain.

C. Pathology is the study of disease by scientific methods.

D. This is not due to an increase in human fertility but is caused almost entirely by a remarkable reduction in the death rate.

E. Consequently, the concept of deficiency diseases, nutritional and endocrine, grew in the present century.

F. In addition, food production must be greatly in creased by the use of high-yielding strains.

(46)

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更多“That disease might be due to l…”相关的问题
第1题
Young adults might have a higher chance of developing the disease than____________
Young adults might have a higher chance of developYoung adults might have a higher chance of developYoung adults might have a higher chance of developYoung adults might have a higher chance of developYoung adults might have a higher chance of developYoung adults might have a higher chance of develop

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第2题
42 The authors hold a new paradigm of health promotion and disease preventionA may be too

42 The authors hold a new paradigm of health promotion and disease prevention

A may be too expensive.

B could have great potential.

C might be too complicated.

D will be opposed by many people.

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第3题
Section C Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by s
ome questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage one Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage Aging happens to all of us ,and is generylly thought of as a natural part of life. It would seem silly to call such a thing a "disease".on the other hand,scientists are increasingly learning that aging and biological age are two different things,and that the former is a key risk factor for conditions such as heart disease,cancer and many more. in that light,aging itself might be seen as something treatable, the way you would treat high blood pressure or a vitamin deficiency. Biophysicist alex zhavoronkov believes that aging should be considered a disease. he said that describing aging as a disease creates incentives to develop treatments. "It unties the hands of the pharmaceutical(制药的)industry so that they can begin treating the disease and not just the side effects, "he said。 "Right now, people think of aging as natural and something you can't control "he said. "in academic circles, people take aging research as just an interest area where they can try to develop interventions. the medical community also takes aging for granted, and can do nothing about it except keep people within a certain health range." But if aging were recognized as a disease, he said, "it would attract funding and change the way we do health care. what matters is understanding that aging is curable. " "it was always known that the body accumulates damage, "he added. "the only way to cure aging is to find ways to repair that damage. i think of it as preventive medicine for age-related conditions. Leonard hayflick, a professor at the university of califomia, san francisco, said the idea that aging can be cured implies the human lifespan can be increased, which some researchers suggest is possible. hayflick is not among them. " There 're many people who recover from cancer, stroke or heart disease. but they continue to age, because aging is separate from their disease, " said."even if those causes of death were eliminated, life expectancy would still not go much beyond 92 years." what do people generally believe about aging？ A. it should cause no alarm whatsoever.

B.they just cannot do anything about it.

C.it should be regarded as a kind of disease

D.they can delay it with advances in science

how do many scientists view aging now？A.it might be prevented and treated

B.it can be as risky as heart disease

C.results from a vitamin deficiency

D.it is an irreversible biological proces

what do we learn about the medical community？A.They now have a strong interest in research on aging

B.they differ from the academic circles in their view on aging.

C.they can contribute to people's health only to a limited extent.

D.they have ways to intervene in people's aging process

what does alex zhavoronkov think ofdescribing aging as a discase？A.it will prompt people to take aging more seriously.

B.it will greatly help reduce the side effects of aging

C.it will free pharmacists from the conventional beliefs about aging

D.it will motivate doctors and pharmacists to find ways to treat aging

what does professor leonard hayflick believe？A.the human lifespan cannot be prolonged.

B.aging is hardly separable from disease

C.few people live up to the age of 92

D.heart disease is the major cause of aging

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第4题
MultipleSclerosis （多发性硬化症 ) 1. Multiple Sclerosis （MS)is a disease in which the pati

Multiple Sclerosis (多发性硬化症 )

1. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a disease in which the patient&39;s immune (免疫的 ) systemattacks the central nervous system. This can lead to numerous physical andmental symptoms, as the disease af-fects the transmission of electrical signalsbetween the body and the brain. However, the human body,being a flexible,adaptable system, can compensate for some level of damage, so a person with MScan look and feel fine even though the disease is present.

2. MS patients can have oneof two main varieties of the disease: the relapsing form. (复发型) and the primaryprogressive form. In the relapsing form, the disease progresses in a series ofjumps; at times it is in remission (减轻) . which means that a person&39;s normal functionsreturn for a period of time before the system goes into relapse and the diseaseagain becomes more active. This is the most common form. of MS; 80～90% of people havethis form. of the disease when they are first diagnosed.The relapse-remissioncycle can continue for many years. Eventually, however, loss of physical andcognitive functions starts to take place and the remissions become lessfrequent.

3. In the primaryprogressive form. of MS, there are no remissions and a continual but steady lossof physical and cognitive functions takes place. This condition affects about10～15 % of sufferers at di-agnosis.

4. The expected course ofthe disease, or prognosis (预后), depends on many variables: the sub-type of the disease, the patient&39;sindividual characteristics and the initial symptoms. Life expectancy ofpatients, however, is often nearly the same as that of an unaffectedperson-provided that a reasona-ble standard of care is received. In some casesa near-normal life span is possible.

5. The cause of the diseaseis unclear; it seems that some people have a genetic susceptibility (易感性), which is triggeredby some unknown environmental factor. Onset (发作)of the disease usually occurs in young adultsbetween the ages of 20 and 40. It is more common in women than men; howev-er,it has also been diagnosed in young children and in elderly people.

Paragraph 1 _

MultipleSclerosis （多发性硬化症 ) 1. Multiple Sclerosis

Paragraph 2

MultipleSclerosis （多发性硬化症 ) 1. Multiple Sclerosis

Paragraph 3

MultipleSclerosis （多发性硬化症 ) 1. Multiple Sclerosis

Paragraph 4

MultipleSclerosis （多发性硬化症 ) 1. Multiple Sclerosis

MS affects the communication of nerve cells between the body and .

MultipleSclerosis （多发性硬化症 ) 1. Multiple Sclerosis

An MS patient can feel fine for years without being affected much by

MultipleSclerosis （多发性硬化症 ) 1. Multiple Sclerosis

10～15% of MS patients are diagnosed as naVlng___

MultipleSclerosis （多发性硬化症 ) 1. Multiple Sclerosis

Young adults might have a higher chance of developing the disease than

MultipleSclerosis （多发性硬化症 ) 1. Multiple Sclerosis

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

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第5题
More About Alzheimer's Disease Scientists have developed skin tests that may be used in th

More About Alzheimer's Disease

Scientists have developed skin tests that may be used in the future to identify people with Alzheimer's disease and may ultimately allow physicians to predict who is at risk of getting this neurological disorder.

The only current means of diagnosing the disease in a living patient is a long and expensive series of tests that eliminate every other cause of dementia.

"Since Alois Alzheimer described the disease nearly a century ago, people have been trying to find a way to accurately diagnose it in its early stages," said Patricia Grady, acting director of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in Bethesda, Maryland. "This discovery, if confirmed, could prove a big step forward in our efforts to deal with and understand the disease."

Alzheimer's is the single greatest cause of mental deterioration in older people, affecting between 2.5 million and 4 million people in the United States alone. The devastating disorder gradually destroys memory and the ability to function, and eventually causes death. There is currently no known treatment for the disease.

Researches discovered that the skin cells of Alzheimer's patients have defects that interfere with their ability to regulate the flow of potassium in and out of the cells. The fact that the cell defects are present in the skin suggests that Alzheimer's results from physiological changes throughout the body, and that dementia may be the first noticeable effect of these changes as the defects affect the cells in the brain, scientists said.

The flow of potassium is especially critical in cells responsible for memory formation. The scientists also found two other defects that affect the cells' supply of calcium, another critical element.

One test developed by researchers calls for growing skin cells in a laboratory culture and then testing them with an electrical detector to determine if the microscopic tunnels that govern the flow of potassium are open. Open potassium channels create a unique electrical signature.

A spokesman for the Alzheimer's association said that if the validity of the diagnostic test can be proven it would be important development, but cautioned that other promising tests for Alzheimer's have been disappointing.

The newly developed skin tests may be used in the future to allow doctors to ______.

A．cure those with Alzheimer's disease

B．discover the cause of Alzheimer's disease

C．predict who might get Alzheimer's disease

D．find the consequences of Alzheimer's disease

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第6题
More about Alzheimer’s Disease Scientists have developed skin tests that may be used i

More about Alzheimer’s Disease

Scientists have developed skin tests that may be used in the future to identify people with Alzheimer’s disease and may ultimately allow physicians to predict who is at risk of getting this neurological disorder.

The only current means of diagnosing the disease in a living patient is a 1ong and expensive series of tests that eliminate every other cause of dementia.

“Since A1ois Alzheimer described the disease nearly a century ago，people have been trying to find a way to accurately diagnose it in its early stages，”said Patricia Grady，acting director of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in Bethesda，Maryland.“This discovery，if confirmed，could prove a big step forward in our efforts to deal with and understand the disease.”

A1zheimer，s is the single greatest cause of mental deterioration in older people，affecting between 2.5 million and 4 million people in the United States alone．The devastating disorder gradually destroys memory and the ability t0 function，and eventually causes death．There is currently no known treatment for the disease．

Researches discovered that the kin cells of Alzheimer’s patients have defects that interfere with their ability to regulate the now of potassium in and out of the cells．The fact that the cell defects are present in the skin suggests that Alzheimer’s results from physiological changes throughout the body，and that dementia may be the first noticeable effect of these changes as the deflects affect the cells in the brain．scientists said．

The flow of potassium is especially critical in cells responsible for memory formation． The scientists also found two other defects that affect the cells’ supply of calcium，another critical element．

0ne test developed by researchers calls for growing skin cells in a laboratory calture and then testing them with an electrical detector to determine if the microscopic tunnels that govern the now 0f potassium are open． 0pen potassium channels create a unique electrical signature．

A spokesman for the Alzheimer’s association said that if the validity of the diagnostic test can be proven it would he important rlevelopment，but tautioned that 0ther promising tests for Alzheimer’s have been disappointing．

第 46 题 The newly developed skin tests may be used in the future to allow doctors to

A．cure those with Alzheimer’s disease

B．discover the cause 0f Alzheimer’s disease

C．predict wh0 might get Alzheimer’s disease

D．find the consequences of A1zheimer’s disease

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第7题
Multiple Sclerosis （多发性硬化症 ) l. Multiple Sclerosis （MS) is a disease in which the pa

Multiple Sclerosis (多发性硬化症 )

l. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a disease in which the patient&39;s immune (免疫的) system attacks the central nervous system. This can lead to numerous physical and mental symptoms, as the disease af-fects the transmission of electrical signals between the body and the brain. However, the human body,being a flexible, adaptable system, can compensate for some level of damage, so a person with MS can look and feel fine even though the disease is present.

2. MS patients can have one of two main varieties of the disease: the relapsing form. (复发型) and the primary progressive form. In the relapsing form, the disease progresses in a series of jumps; at times it is in remission (减轻) which means that a person&39;s normal functions return for a period of time before the system goes into relapse and the disease again becomes more active. This is the most com-mon form. of MS; 80～90% of people have this form. of the disease when they are first diagnosed. The relapse-remission cycle can continue for many years. Eventually, however, loss of physical and cogni-tive functions starts to take place and the remissions become less frequent.

3. In the primary progressive form. of MS, there are no remissions and a continual but steady loss of physical and cognitive functions takes place. This condition affects about 10~15 % of sufferers at di-agnosis.

4. The expected course of the disease, or prognosis (预后), depends on many variables: the sub-type of the disease, the patient&39;s individual characteristics and the initial symptoms. Life expectancy of patients, however, is often nearly the same as that of an unaffected person-provided that a reasona- le standard of care is received. In some cases a near-normal life span is possible.

5. The cause of the disease is unclear; it seems that some people have a genetic susceptibility(易感性) , which is triggered by some unknown environmental factor. Onset (发作) of the disease usually occurs in young adults between the ages of 20 and 40. It is more common in women than men; howev-er, it has also been diagnosed in young children and in elderly people.

Paragraph 1

Paragraph 2 _

Paragraph 3 _

Paragraph 4

MS affects the young adults of nerve cells between the body and

An MS patient can feel fine for years without being affected much by the

10～15% of MS patients are diagnosed as having

Young adults might have a higher chance of developing the disease than

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

点击查看答案
第8题
第三篇More About Alzheimer's Disease Scientists have developed skin tests that may be used

第三篇

More About Alzheimer's Disease

Scientists have developed skin tests that may be used in the future to identify people with Alzheimer's disease and may ultimately allow physicians to predict who is at risk of getting this neurological disorder.

The only current means of diagnosing the disease in a living patient is a long and expensive series of tests that eliminate every other cause of dementia.

"Since Alois Alzheimer described the disease nearly a century ago, people have been trying to find a way to accurately diagnose it in its early stages," said Patricia Grady, acting director of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in Bethesda, Maryland. "This discovery, if confirmed, could prove a big step forward in our efforts to deal with and understand the disease."

Alzheimer's is the single greatest cause of mental deterioration in older people, affecting between 2.5 million and 4 million people in the United States alone. The devastating disorder gradually destroys memory and the ability to function, and eventually causes death. There is currently no known treatment for the disease.

Researches discovered that the skin cells of Alzheimer's patients have defects that interfere with their ability to regulate the flow of potassium in and out of the cells. The fact that the cell defects are present in the skin suggests that Alzheimer's results from physiological changes throughout the body, and that dementia may be the first noticeable effect of these changes as the defects affect the cells in the brain, scientists said.

The flow of potassium is especially critical in cells responsible for memory formation. The scientists also found two other defects that affect the cells' supply of calcium, another critical element.

One test developed by researchers calls for growing skin cells in a laboratory culture and then testing them with an electrical detector to determine if the microscopic tunnels that govern the flow of potassium are open. Open potassium channels create a unique electrical signature.

A spokesman for the Alzheimer's association said that if the validity of the diagnostic test can be proven it would be important development, but cautioned that other promising tests for Alzheimer's have been disappointing.

The newly developed skin tests may be used in the future to allow doctors to ______.

A. cure those with Alzheimer's disease

B. discover the cause of Alzheimer's disease

C. predict who might get Alzheimer's disease

D. find the consequences of Alzheimer's disease

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第9题
听力原文：Carole is a teenage girl. She thinks she is a bit too fat, or rather too strong.

听力原文： Carole is a teenage girl. She thinks she is a bit too fat, or rather too strong. But she doesn't know how she became that way. Nowadays, people become interested in losing weight because being overweight can bring about many diseases. Carole has made up her mind to follow others' example and plans to lose weight as well. Sometimes she feels so unhappy without knowing why. At these times, she often goes out to restaurants bars and supermarkets for food. The things she likes to eat include bread, biscuits, and chocolates. Although she feels very full in her stomach, she can't stop eating because of the enjoyment she gets. She is a little worried about her behavior. and thinks that she might have an unknown disease or an unhealthy mind. With these questions, Carole went to see a doctor. The doctor doesn't think she has a disease, but suggests that she need self-discipline. People often say "eat less and exercise more," but one needs discipline to follow this advice. Since Carole says she enjoys eating although she feels very full, the doctor thinks this might be because Carole wants to forget about finishing work or doing a complicated homework assignment. Her feeling of unhappiness could start from something deeper, such as problems with family members or friends. The doctor says that Carole needs to find something that can bring fun to her life. Perhaps she should give up the habit of eating too much, and do something else instead, such as talking to someone over the phone, playing a video game or drinking extra tea. These methods could help Carole change the habit of eating too much and become healthy again.

(23)

A．She does her shopping.

B．She drinks extra tea.

C．She eats a lot of things.

D．She sleeps a great deal.

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第10题
Humans live in a world where many other living things compete for food and places to breed
. The pathogenic organisms, ,or pathogens, are often broadly called germs, which cause many diseases to be able to invade the human body and use its cells and flu- ids for their own needs. (46)

Pathogenic organisms can enter the body in various ways. Some —such as those that cause the common cold, pneumonia, and tuberculosis—are breathed in. (47) Still others—such as those that cause bacillary dysentery, cholera, and typhoid fever— get in the body through contaminated food, water, or utensils.

Insects can spread disease by acting as vectors, or carriers. . (48) Germs may also enter the body through the bite of a mosquito, louse, or other insect vector. Kinds of disease

Infectious, or communicable, diseases are those that can be passed between persons such as by means of airborne droplets from a cough or sneeze. Tiny organisms such as bacteria and fungi can produce infectious diseases. So can viruses. So can tiny worms. Whatever the causative agent might be, it survives in the person it infects and is passed on to another. Or, its eggs are passed on. . (49)

The asymptomatic carrier can then pass the disease on to someone else without even knowing he has it.

Noninfectious, or noncommunicable, diseases are caused by malfunctions of the body. These include organ or tissue degeneration, erratic cell growth, and faulty blood formation and flow. Also included are disturbances of the stomach and intestine, the endocrine system, and the urinary and reproductive systems. Some diseases can be caused by diet deficiencies, lapses in the body's defense system, or a poorly operating nervous system.

. (50) These ailments include drug addiction, obesity, malnutrition, and pollution-caused health problems.

A. A disease is a condition that impairs the proper function of the body.

B. Ordinarily, the body's defense system can ward off these invaders.

C. Disability and illnesses can also be provoked by psychological and social factors.

D. Sometimes, a disease-producing organism gets into a person who shows no symptoms of the disease.

E. Others—such as those that cause venereal diseases—enter through sexual contact of human bodies.

F. Flies can carry germs from human waste or other tainted materials to food and beverages.

(46)

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第11题
Ever spent half an hour looking for your car keys？ Or walked into a room only to wonder wh
at you walked in there to look for？ Or forgotten what day of the week it is？ Not to worry. Occasional memory lapses are normal and not, as you might secretly fear, an early sign of Alzheimers disease. Still, its sometimes difficult even for doctors to recognize where normal forgetfulness stops and more serious memory problems begin. A guidebook published recently by the American Medical Association should make the job easier. The text, Diagnosis, Management and Treatment of Dementia : A Practical Guide for Primary Care Physicians, is somewhat technical but contains a lot of useful information. You can order the guide for $ 5 by calling 1-312-464-5563. Most cases of dementia, or prolonged mental confusion are usually caused by Alzheimers disease. But you should also look for memory problems caused by taking one or more medications. The combination of Tagamet and Valium, for example, can cause a build-up of the tranquilizer in the body. So be sure to tell your doctor every medication you or a loved one is taking, including over-the-counter medicine and dietary supplements. Dont overlook depression. Social isolation or the death of friends and family can shatter anyones mental state but it is particularly difficult to bear with advancing age. Even patients with clear-cut dementia and depression are less confused when their depression is treated. Dont give up even if you or a loved one is diagnosed with Alzheimers disease. Although there is no cure yet there is still a lot you can do to ensure the best quality of life. Start by having a frank conversation about treatment options, and appoint someone as a health-care proxy to make sure those plans are carried out. Most patients with early Alzheimers can still make good decisions about their future care. There are several clinical trials currently studying various treatments. An intriguing one will determine whether vitamin E or an Alzheimers drug called Aricept can prevent dementia from developing in people who are at greater risk of developing Alzheimers disease because they have what is called mild cognitive impairment. To learn more about these clinical studies visit www. alzheimers. org/trials. If you are caring for someone with dementia, be sure you also take care of yourself. You might want to check out the website of the U. S. Alzheimers Association(www. alz. org)for more information. Whether you suffer dementia or love someone who does, the condition is difficult enough to cope with without trying to face it alone.

What is the authors purpose of writing this passage？

A．To define what Alzheimer"s disease is.

B．To tell people how to avoid Alzheimer"s disease.

C．To provide information related to a book on dementia.

D．To persuade people to buy medicine for dementia.

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