题目内容
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As an economy moves from a planned economy to a market economy ______.
A．the companies pay more attention to money
B．the companies care more about production
C．the companies hae great emphasis on finished products
D．the companies don't know what to do
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As an economy moves from a planned economy to a market economy______.
A．the companies pay more attention to money
B．the companies care more about production
C．the companies hae great emphasis on finished products
D．the companies don't know what to do
The domestic economy expanded in a remarkably vigorous and steady fashion. The resurgence in consumer confidence was reflected in the higher proportion of incomes spent for goods and services and the marked increase in consumer willingness to take on installment debt. A parallel strengthening in business psychology was manifested in stepped-up rate of plant and equipment spending and a gradual pickup in outlays for inventory. Confidence in the economy was also reflected in the strength of the stock market and in the stability of the bond market. For the year as a whole, consumer and business sentiment benefited from rising public expectations that a resolution of the conflict in Vietnam was in prospect and that East-West tensions were easing.
The underpinnings of the business expansion were to be found in part in the stimulative monetary and fiscal policies that had been pursued. Moreover, the restoration of sounder liquidity positions and tighter management control of production efficiency had also helped lay the groundwork for a strong expansion. In addition, the economic policy moves made by the President had served to renew optimism on the business outlook while boosting hopes that inflation would be brought under more effective control.
Finally, of course, the economy was able to grow as vigorously as it did because sufficient flexibility existed in terms of idle men and machines.
The United States balance of payments deficit declined sharply. Nevertheless, by any other test, the deficit remained very large, and there was actually a substantial deterioration in our trade account to a sizable deficit, almost two thirds of which was with Japan. While the overall trade performance proved disappointing, there are still good reasons for expecting the delayed impact of devaluation to produce in time a significant strengthening in our trade picture. Given the size of the Japanese component of our trade measures undertaken by Japan. Also important will be our own efforts in the United States to fashion internal policies consistent with an improvement in our external balance.
The passage was most likely published in a
A．popular magazine.
B．general newspaper.
C．science journal.
D．financial journal.
？Read the article below about inventory.
？For questions 13—18, mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet for the answer you choose.
Inventory
Inventory belongs to an important element of the cost of doing business in a large company. If a company is assembling cars, they must have a large number of parts in hand so that the assembly line does not stop because one part is missing. If cars are going down the assembly line and one person is supposed to fasten wheels on to the car, the whole line will stop if he runs out of fasteners. This means that several hundred men will be waiting while someone must find fasteners for the wheel. So there must be a sufficient number of parts of all sorts nearby in order to keep the car assembly line running smoothly.
A large supply of spare parts is very expensive, so a company will try to keep its inventory as low as it can without finding it necessary to stop production for lack of a part.
In a planned company, i.t was often difficult to secure spare parts and so many companies ordered many extra parts and kept large supplies of parts so that if a mistake was made in planning, they could continue to produce. This was known as just-in-case inventory.
As an economy moves from s planned economy to a market economy, the-important thing for a business is to make money and not just produce. It's very expensive to keep large suppliers available just in case there is a delay in delivery. So increasingly, companies are moving to another system of inventory of spare parts as low as possible. This way they do not have to pay for parts used in production until just before they are paid for the finished product. This saves them much capital and is a much more efficient method of operating. The problem with this is that if a shipment is delayed or lost for some reason, the whole factory may have to stop because they don't have one little part. This is very expensive.
Most modern industries try to keep inventory as low as possible, but when they adopt just-in-time inventory control, they try to keep at least some extra in stock for emergencies.
In a planned economy it was often difficult to secure spare parts, ______.
A．so many companies manufacture them all by themselves
B．so many companies have to stop the production lines while waiting
C．so many companies place large orders for emergencies
D．so many companies feel quite headache about this problem
Read the article below about inventory.
For questions 13-18, mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet for the answer you choose.
Inventory
Inventory belongs to an important element of the cost of doing business in a large company. If a company is assembling cars, they must have a large number of parts in hand so that the assembly line does not stop because one part is missing. If cars are going down the assembly line and one person is supposed to fasten wheels on to the car, the whole line will stop if he runs out of fasteners. This means that several hundred men will be waiting while someone must find fasteners for the wheel. So there must be a sufficient number of parts of all sorts nearby in order to keep the car assembly line running smoothly.
A large supply of spare parts is very expensive, so a company will try to keep its inventory as low as it can without finding it necessary to stop production for lack of a part.
In a planned company, it was often difficult to secure spare parts and so many companies ordered many extra parts and kept large supplies of parts so that if a mistake was made in planning, they could continue to produce. This was known as just-in-case inventory.
As an economy moves from a planned economy to a market economy, the important thing for a business is to make money and not just produce. It's very expensive to keep large suppliers available just in case there is a delay in delivery. So increasingly, companies are moving to another system of inventory of spare parts as low as possible. This way they do not have to pay for parts used in production until just before they are paid for the finished product. This saves them much capital and is a much more efficient method of operating. The problem with this is that if a shipment is delayed or lost for some reason, the whole factory may have to stop because they don't have one little part. This is very expensive.
Most modern industries try to keep inventory as low as possible, but when they adopt just-in-time inventory control, they try to keep at least some extra in stock for emergencies.
In a planned economy it was often difficult to secure spare parts, ______.
A．so many companies manufacture them all by themselves
B．so many companies have to stop the production lines while waiting
C．so many companies place large orders for emergencies
D．so many companies feel quite headache about this problem
Today the world's economy is going through two great changes, both bigger than an Asian financial crisis here or a European monetary union there.
The first change is that a lot of industrial_67_is moving from the United States, Western Europe and Japan to _68 _countries in Latin America, South-East Asia and Eastern Europe. In 1950, the United States alone _69_ for more than half of the world's economy output. In 1990, its _70_ was down to a quarter. By 1990, 40% of IBM's employees were non-Americans; Whirlpool, America's leading _71_ of domestic appliances, cut its American labor force _72_ 10%. Quite soon now, many big western companies will have more _73_ (and customers) in poor countries than in rich _74_ .
The second great change is _75_, in the rich countries of the OECD, the balance of economic activity is _76_ from manufacturing to _77_. In the United States and Britain, the _78_ of workers in manufacturing has _79_ since 1900 from around 40% to barely half that. _80_ in Germany and Japan, which rebuilt so many _81_after 1945, manufacturing's share of jobs is now below 30%. The effect of the _82 is increased _83_ manufacturing moves from rich countries to the developing ones, _84_ cheap labor _85_ them a sharp advantage in many of the _86_ tasks required by mass production.
67. A. product B. production C. products D. productivity
68. A. other B. small C. capitalistic D. developing
69. A. accounted B. occupied C. played D. shared
70. A. output B. development C. share D. economy
71. A. state B. consumer C. representative D. supplier
72. A. by B. at C. through D. in
73. A. products B. market C. employees D. changes
74. A. one B. ones C. times D. time
75. A. what B. like C. that D. how
76. A. ranging B. varying C. swinging D. getting
77. A. producing B. products C. servicing D. services
78. A. proportion B. number C. quantity D. group
79. A. changed B. gone C. applied D. shrunk
80. A. Furthermore B. Even C. Therefore D. Hence
81. A. armies B. weapons C. factories D. countries
82. A. question B. manufacturing C. shift D. rebuilding
83. A. with B. as C. given D. if
84. A. while B. whose C. who's D. which
85. A. give B. is giving C. gives D. gave
86. A. repetitive B. various C. creative D. enormous
Wind Energy
Wind energy development has been thriving both in the United States and around the world. This reflects not only the declining cost of the resource and the improved performance of wind power plants, but also a growing awareness among utilities and other potential customers that this renewable energy technology offers many benefits for the economy and the environment.
Wind energy can help create new business and jobs, keep energy dollars circulating in local economies and reduce reliance on imported energy.
Wind energy can help protect utilities and ratepayers from risks associated with changing fuel prices, new environmental regulations, uncertain load growth and other unpredictable COSTS.
Wind energy can reduce a utility's pollutant emissions, helping power companies meet environmental regulations and satisfy their customers desire for clean power sources.
In the past, these benefits were not enough to outweigh the significant costs and technological uncertainties associated with wind energy; now that the technology has proven reliable and competitive, however, they are .beginning to carry more weight. The greatest challenge for the future is to ensure that the benefits of wind energy continue to receive attention as the utility industry moves toward increased competition in the generation and marketing of power.
How does wind energy contribute to the economy？
Electricity is an essential ingredient of our modern way of life: it runs our computers, appliances, factories and businesses. Without low-cost power, our standard of living would suffer. But electricity generation is also a major source of pollution and toxic wastes. Wind energy offers a way to meet the needs of both the economy and the environment by providing a source of clean, competitively priced power.
Wind energy helps our economy in important ways. For communities and states in which wind power facilities are located, wind power plants create jobs, generate income and support economic development. Several studies have established that wind energy produces more Jobs per dollar invested or per kilowatt-hour generated than most conventional resource. A New York study, for example, found that producing 10 million kilowatt-hours of electricity from wind energy generates 27 percent more jobs in the state than producing the same amount of energy from an advanced coal plant and 66 percent more jobs than from a natural gas combined-cycle power plant, One reason is that much of the expense for fossil-fuel plants is incurred from buying fuel, which supports fewer jobs than other industry sectors, especially when the fuel is imported from other states or countries.
Wind power plants als0 pay substantial property taxes and land rents. A typical rent payment is a small percentage of a plant's revenues, implying that a wind plant located in an agricultural area can boost cropland rents and prices by as much as 50 percent to 100 percent. For the most part, farming operations can continue unaffected.
States and communities with the foresight to invest in wind energy can reap another benefit by fostering a home-grown wind industry that can export power to other regions. The market for wind power worldwide is growing rapidly. New companies that capture this market will develop in areas where substantial wind development already is occurring. Until the late 1980s, this was mainly California; recently, however, the United States has ceded(转让) its early lead in wind development to European competitors. Prudent investments in the domestic wind market can help reverse this trend.
What are the advantages of wind power plants？
Most consumers like to avoid risk: The chance that something they need, no matter how inexpensive today, will become much more costly tomorrow. Fixed-rate mortgages owe much of their popularity to th
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
The electric catfish has a different electric system in that______.
A．current moves from the head to the tail
B．current moves from the tail to the head
C．current moves from the left to the right
D．current moves from the right to the left
The earth moves around the sun.
A．before
B．round
C．after
D．over
The electric catfish has a different electric system in that ______.
A．current moves from the head to the tail
B．current moves from the tail to the head
C．current moves from the left to the right
D．current moves from the right to the left
