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阅读材料，回答题。 The Adjustment in Understanding of Man"s Relation to the Physical Univers

阅读材料，回答题。

The Adjustment in Understanding of Man"s Relation to the Physical Universe

Nowadays the scattering of galaxies and the astounding abundance of stars are forcing those who ponder such matters to a further adjustment of their concept of the place and function of man in the material universe.

In the history of the51human mind， with its increasing knowledge of the surrounding context， there must have been a time when the philosophers of the52tribes began to realize that the world was not simply centered on man himself. The geocentric concept， which accepted a universe centered on the earth， then became common53

The second adjustment in the understanding of man"s relation to the physical universe was not generally acceptable54the sixteenth century. Copernican revolution soundly55the heliocentric Concept， the theory of a universe56on the sun. Man is a stubborn adherent to official dogma; eventually， however， he accepted the sun as the center.

Then， forty years ago， came the need for a third adjustment. This57has deeply exploded man"s pride and58， for it has carried with it the knowledge of the appalling number of galaxies.

The galactocentric universe59puts the earth and its life near the edge of one great galaxy in a universe of millions of galaxies. Man becomes peripheral among the billions of stars of his own Milky Way; and， according to the revelations of paleontology and geochemistry， he is60and apparently transient in the61of cosmic time.

The downgrading of the earth and sun and the elevation of the galaxies is not the end of this62of scientific pilgrims through philosophic fields. The need for another63adjustment now64not wholly unexpected by scientists，65wholly the result of one or two scientific revelations.

Our new problem concerns the spread of life throughout the universe. As unsolicited spokesmen for all the earthly organisms of land， sea， and air， we ask the thrilling question: Are we alone？

请在第__（51）__处填上正确答案。 查看材料

A.ingenious

B.evolving

C.creative

D.eligible

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更多“阅读材料，回答题。 The Adjustment in Un…”相关的问题
第1题
阅读材料，回答题： Adaptation of Living ThingsCertain animals and plants develop character

阅读材料，回答题：

Adaptation of Living Things

Certain animals and plants develop characteristics that help them cope with their environmentbetter than others of their kind. This natural biological process is called adaptation. Among thesuperior characteristics developed through adaptation are those that may help in getting food orshelter, in providing protection, and in producing and protecting the young. That results in the

evolution of more and more organisms（生物体）that are better fitted to their environments.

Each living thing is adapted to its way of life in a general way, but each is adapted especiallyto its own distinct class. A plant, for example, depends upon its roots to fix itself firmly and toabsorb water and inorganic chemicals(无机物). It depends upon its green leaves for using thesun&39;s energy to make food from inorganic chemicals. These are general adaptations, common tomost plants. In addition, there are special adaptations that only certain kinds of plants have.

Many animals have adaptations that help them escape from their enemies. Some are hiddenby their body color or shape, and many look like a leaf or a little branch. The coats of deer arecolored to mix with the surroundings. Many animals have the ability to remain completely stillwhen an enemy is near.

Organisms have a great variety of ways of adapting. They may adapt in their structure, func-tion, and genetics; in their development and production of the young; and in other respects. Anorganism may create its own environment, as do warm-blooded mammals (哺乳动物), whichhave the ability to adjust body heat exactly to maintain their ideal temperature despite changingweather. Usually adaptations are an advantage, but sometimes an organism is so well adapted to a particular environment that if conditions change, it finds it difficult or impossible to readapt to thenew conditions.

Some plants and animals develop superior characteristics so that they may 查看材料

A.help others of their kind get food， shelter and other things needed

B.survive even in extremely severe conditions

C.become better adapted to the environments than others of their kind

D.result in the evolution and production of more intelligent organisms

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第2题
阅读材料，回答题。Man cannot go on increasing his number at the present rate. In the next 30

阅读材料，回答题。

Man cannot go on increasing his number at the present rate. In the next 30 years man will faca period of crisis. Some experts believe that there will be a widespread food___ 51 ____. Other experthink this is too pessimistic (悲观的), and that man can prevent things from___ 52 ____worse tha they are now. But remember that two thirds of the people in the world are under-nourished or stmving now.

One thing that man can do is to limit the___ 53 ____of babies born. The need for this is obvious but it is not easy to achieve. People have to be___ 54 ____to limit their families. In the countries of the population___ 55 ____, many people like big families. The parents think that this makes a bigger income for the family and ensures there will be someone in the family who will look___ 56 ____them in old age.

Several governments have___ 57 ____birth control policies in recent years. Among them are Japan, China, India and Egypt. In some cases the results have not been successful. Japan has been an___ 58____The Japanese adopted a birth control policy in 1921~3. People were___ 59 ____to limit their families. The birth rate fell from 34.3 per thousand per year to about 17.0 per year___ 60 ____ present.

________ 查看材料

A.Need

B.want

C.Absence

D.shortage

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第3题
阅读材料，回答题。Washington Irving was America’s first man of letters to beknown internatio

阅读材料，回答题。

Washington Irving was America’s first man of letters to beknown internationally. His works were received enthusiastically both in Englandand in the United States. He was, in fact; one of the most successful writersof his time in the country, and at the same time winning the admiration offellow writers like Scott in Britain and Poe and Hawthorne in the UnitedStates. The respect in which he was held partly owing to the man himself, withhis warm friendliness, his good sense, his urbanity, his gay spirits, hisartistic integrity, his love of both the Old World and the New. Thackeray describedIrving as "a gentleman, who, though himself born in no very high sphere, wasmost finished, polished, witty; socially the equal of the most refinedEuropeans. " In England be was granted an honorary degree from Oxford anunusual honor for a citizen of a young, uncultured nation and he received themedal of the Royal Society of Literature. America made him ambassador to Spain.

Irving’s background provides little to explain his literaryachievements. A gifted but delicate child, he had little schooling. He studiedlaw, but without zeal, and never did practice seriously. He was immune to hisslrict Presbyterian home environment, frequenting both social gatherings and thetheater.

The main point of the first paragraph is that WashingtonIrving was________ 查看材料

A.America’s first man of letters

B.a writer who had great success both in and outside his owncountry

C.a man who was able to move from literature to politics

D.a man whose personal charm enabled him to get by withbasically inferior work

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第4题
阅读材料，回答题。 Government Policies and EconomyWhile he was off on his l978 tour，Americ

阅读材料，回答题。

Government Policies and Economy

While he was off on his l978 tour，Americans were becoming disgusted with their lot as all“emerging second—class nation”，Wilson says．They began to see that incentives had to be restored to the economy．For instance，the capital gains tax was cut，an extraordinary turn—about．If it had been predicted before he went away in May，he would have said it was simply inconceivable as inconceivable as the prospect of Resorts going up1，000 percent．

This momentous transformation in the U．S．should soon bring about a huge bull market． In the l940s and l950s，the last time price earning multiples were at these low levels，the investing public expected that there would be another great postwar depression．Instead，aRer the beginning of l953 it became apparent that there would not be one，and price-earnings multiples got so low this time that investors felt that the country was drifting into socialism．That drift，however，may be reversing direction．

Wilson believes that the bankruptcy of New York City means the discrediting of big government，that as a result there will be less government，and that things in general will go much better．From l980’s depressed levels the market could rise to twenty times doubled earnings or almost fivefold in five to seven years．Wilson believes that he’ll be worth hundreds of millions of dollars before it’s over．

From paragraph l，we can infer that Resorts is__________． 查看材料

A.a company that involves many capital gains

B.a company that has little hope of rapid growth

C.a company that benefited from capital gains tax

D.a company that stimulates the economy

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第5题
阅读材料，回答题。 Intellectual Revolution Culture is activity of thought, and receptiven

阅读材料，回答题。

Intellectual Revolution

Culture is activity of thought, and receptiveness to beauty and humane feeling. Scraps of information have nothing to do with it. A merely well-informed man is the most useless51on God&39;s earth. What we should52at producing is men who possess both culture and expert knowledge in some special direction.Their expert knowledge will give them the ground to start53, and their culture will lead them as54as philosophy and as high as art. We have to remember that the valuable55development is self-development,and that it56takes place between the ages of sixteen and thirty. As to training, the most important part is given by mothers before the age of twelve.

In training a child to activity of thought, above all things we must beware of what I will call "inert ideas" -that is to say, ideas that are merely.57into the mind without being utilized, or tested, or thrown into fresh combinations. In the history of education, the most58phenomenon is that schools of learning, which at one epoch are alive with a craze for genius, in a59generation exhibit merely pedantry and routine. The reason is that they are overladen with inert ideas. Except at60intervals of intellectual motivation, education in the past has been radically 61with inert ideas. That is the reason why. 62clever women, who have seen much of the world, are in middle life so much the most cultured part of the community. They have been saved from this horrible63of inert ideas. Every intellectual revolution which has ever stirred humanity64 greatness has been a65protest against inert ideas.

请在第__（51）__处填上正确答案。 查看材料

A.bore

B.irony

C.snob

D.gut

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第6题
阅读材料，回答题： Understanding Autism1 Autism （孤独症) is a life－long developmental disa

阅读材料，回答题：

Understanding Autism

1 Autism (孤独症) is a life-long developmental disability that prevents individuals from properly understanding what they see, hear, and otherwise sense. This results in severe problems of social relationships, communication, and behavior. Individuals with autism have to painstakingly (费力地) learn normal patterns of speech and communication, and appropriate ways to relate to people, objects, and events, in a similar manner to those who have had a stroke.

2 The cause of autism is still unknown. Some research suggests a physical problem affecting those parts of the brain that process language and information coming in from the senses. There may be some imbalance of certain chemicals in the brain. Genetic (遗传的 )factors may sometimes be involved. Autism may indeed result from a combination of several "causes"

3 Most people with mental retardation (智力迟钝)show relatively even skill development. Indi- viduals with autism, however, typically show uneven skill development, with deficits (欠缺)in cer- tain areasmmost frequently in their ability to communicate and relate to others--and distinct skills in other areas. It is important to distinguish, autism from mental retardation or other disorders,.&

since diagnostic (诊断的)confusion may lead to inappropriate and ineffective treatment tech- niques.

4 In general, individuals with autism perform. best at jobs which are structured and involve a de- gree of repetition. Some people who have autism are working as artists, piano tuners, painters, farm workers, office workers, computer operators, dishwashers, assembly line workers, or employees of sheltered workshops or other sheltered work settings.

Paragraph 1

阅读材料，回答题： Understanding Autism1 Autism （孤独症) is a 查看材料

A.A

B.B

C.C

D.D

E.E

F.F

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第7题
根据以下材料，回答题First Self-Contained Heart Implanted （首例整套人工心脏移植）A patient on

根据以下材料，回答题

First Self-Contained Heart Implanted （首例整套人工心脏移植）

A patient on the brink of death has received the world"s first self-contained artificial heart – a battery-powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires， tubes or hoses sticking out of the chest.

Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium and plastic pump during a sever-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday. The hospital said the patient was "awake and responsive" Tuesday and resting comfortably. It refused to release personal details.

The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation， and doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend the person"s life by only a month. But the device is considered a major step toward improving the patient"s quality of life.

The new pump， called AbioCor， is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the 1980s， which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body. The most famous of those， the Jarvic-7， used air as a pumping device and was attached to an apparatus about the size of a washing machine.

"I think it"s potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development，" said Dr.

David Faxon， president of the American heart Association. However， he said the dream of an implantable， permanent artificial heart is not yet a reality: "This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to be demonstrated." Only about half of the 4，200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them last year， and most of the rest died.

Some doctors， including Robert Higgins， chairman of cardiology at the Medical College of Virginia in Richmond， said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hears." A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years，" he said. "It"s going to be hard to replace that with a machine."

The Abiocor has a 2-pound pumping unit， and electronic controls that adjust the pumping speed based on the body"s needs. It is powered by a small battery pack worn outside the body that transmits current through the skin.

The first two paragraphs tell that Self-contained artificial heart__________. 查看材料

A.was made of titanium and plastics

B.had brought the patient to the brink of death

C.did not need to get power from outside the body

D.was invented by two surgeons from university of Louisville

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第8题
根据材料，回答题。 The Gene IndustryMajor companies are already in pursuit of commercial app

根据材料，回答题。

The Gene Industry

Major companies are already in pursuit of commercial applications of the new biology. They dream of placing enzymes（酶） in the automobile to monitor exhausts and send data on pollution to a microprocessor（微处理机） that will then adjust the engine. They speak of what the New York Times calls "metal-hungry microbes（渴望吃金属的微生物）that might be used to mine valuable trace metals from ocean water". They have already demanded and won the right to patent newlifeforms.

Nervous critics， including many scientists， worry that there is corporate， national， international， and inter-scientifiC．rivalry in the entire biotechnological（生物工艺学） field. They create images not of oil spills， but of "microbe spills"" that could spread disease and destroy entire populations. The creation and accidental release of extremely poisonous microbes， however， is only one cause for alarm. Completely rational and respectable scientists are talking about possibilities that stagger the imagination.

Should we breed people with cow-like stomachs so they can digest grass and hay， thereby relieving the fOod problem by modifying us to eat lower down on the food chain？ Should we biologically alter workers to fit the joB．requirement， for example， creating pilots with faster reaction times or assembly-line workers designed to do our monotonous work for us？ Should we attempt to eliminate "inferior" people and breed a "super-race"？ （Hitler tried this， but without the genetiC．weaponry that may soon issue from our laboratories. ） Should we produce soldiers to do our fighting？ Should we use genetiC．forecasting to pre-el!minate "unfit" babies？ Should we grow reserve organs for ourselves， each of us having， as it were， a "savings bank" full of spare kidneys， livers or hands？

Wild as these notions may sound， every one has its advocates （and opposers） in the scientifiC．community as well as its striking commercial application. As two critics of genetiC．engineering，Jeremy Rifkin and Ted Howard， state in their book Who Should Play God？ "Broad scale genetiC．engineering will probably be introduced to _America much the same way as assembly lines， auto-mobiles， vaccines， computers and all the other technologies.. As each new genetiC．advance becomes commercially practical， a new consumer need will be exploited and a market for the new technology will be created. "

According to the passage， the exhaust from a car engine could probably be checked by 查看材料

A.using mtal-hungry microbes

B.making use of enzymes

C.adjusting the engine

D.patenting new lifeforms

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第9题
阅读材料，回答题。 Stories One of the most successful fashion companies in the world is Be

阅读材料，回答题。

Stories

One of the most successful fashion companies in the world is Benetton. The Benetton family opened their first shop in Italy in 1968.46Benetton followed four marketing principles in order to achieve their success.

The first principle in Consumer Concept. To build a successful business, you have to develop products around things people value, especially quality.47He created clothes to match people&39;s wants : the style. is casual; the colors and patterns are bold; and the quality is excellent.

The System Link in another feature of good marketing. For Benetton, this means waiting to get information about what customers like and what they dislike before making the clothes.48

The Information Link means making sure the company responds quickly to people&39;s demands.49 This information is then sent to the main office in Italy. Benetton can use this information to identify popular products and to continue making them; it can also identify less popular products and stop making them.

A final important marketing principle is the Retail Link. There are Benetton stores in countries around the world. All the stores have the same clothing, the same window display, and the same approach to sales.50

The things people like about Benetton stores are that the quality is always high and the prices are generally low. And that spells success.

请在第__（46）__处填上正确答案。 查看材料

A.The founder of Benetton began by asking people what they wanted.

B.There used to be a good reason for this.

C.When something is sold at a Benetton store， the store records information about the type，size， and color of the item.

D.Today， there are Benetton shops in major cities all over the world.

E.This means that customers can go into any Benetton store in the world and be sure of what they are buying.

F.In other words， Benetton"s clothes are made to order.

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