Coal is under the ground, and______ . A.so is gold B.is gold so C.is so gold D.gold is so
Coal is under the ground, and______ .
A.so is gold B.is gold so C.is so gold D.gold is so
Coal is under the ground, and______ .
A.so is gold B.is gold so C.is so gold D.gold is so
【M1】
As the material loses its grip and begins to move down the slope it gathers speed and sweeps up more material with devastating results. Nepal suffers from frequent landslides because the hillsides have been stripped of trees. When it rains the water soaks into the soil and this slides down the mountainside.
The worst landslide in Wales' history came about with the collapse of an artificial mountain on 21 October 1966.
A 250-metre high mountain of waste material from the local coal mine had been piled up outside the village of Aberfan. Two million tons of rock, coal and mud began to move with a thunderous roar towards'the local school, uprooting trees and crushing houses. It was the start of the school day and almost every child in the village was there. The building collapsed under the weight of the avalanche, and crushed children and their teachers beneath it. One hundred and forty five people, among them 116 children, lost their lives.
Which of the following cannot explain how landslides happen?
A.When large amounts of rock, mud and other loose materials are suddenly uprooted and sent sliding down a slope.
B.This might be caused by an earthquake or it might happen after a heavy rain or when soil becomes waterlogged after a fall of snow.
C.This might be caused by forest fire.
D.The hillsides have been stripped of trees which are rooted on them.
The Finnish history began in the Middle Ages. In about 1155, Finland Was conquered by its western neighboring Sweden. After a period of rule by Denmark in the 14th century, the Swedes won back independence and power in 1523 under their brave king, During the Napoleonic Wards (1814 -1818), Finland was passed finally from Sweden to Russia. The opportunity came in 1917, when the Russian Revolution brought foreign rule of Finland to an end. Shortly after Soviet Russia made peace with Germany, 1919 saw the founding of the Finnish Republic.
The years between the First and Second World Wars were years of progress and growing development. Finland has no coal or oil, and the nation's wealth lies in the timber (wood prepared for use in building, etc. ) from its forests, which supplies material for paper and furniture making, and in the electric power from its water.
How much of Finland's surface is covered with thick forests?
A.About 67%.
B.About 50%.
C.100%.
D.66%.
Another advantage of money is that it is a measure of value--that is, it serves as a unit in terms of which the relative values of different products can be expressed. In a barter economy it would be necessary to determine how many plates were worth one hundred weight of cotton, or how many pens should be exchanged for a ton of coal, which would be a difficult and time-consuming task. The process of establishing relative values would have to be undertaken for every act of exchange, according to what products were being offered against one another, and according to the two parties' desires and preferences. If I am trying to barter fish for bananas, for example, a lot would depend on whether the person willing to exchange bananas is or is not keen on fish. Thirdly, money acts as a store of wealth. It is difficult to imagine saving under a barter system. No one engaged in only one stage in the manufacture of product could save part of his output, since he would be producing nothing complete. Even when a person actually produced a complete product the difficulties would be overwhelming. Most products deteriorate fairly rapidly, either physically or in value, as a result of long storage; even if storage were possible, the practice of storing products for years on end would involve obvious disadvantages--imagine a coal-miner attempting to save enough coal, which of course is his product, to keep him for life. If wealth could not be saved, or only with great difficulty, future needs could not be provided for, or capital accumulated to raise productivity.
Using money as a medium of exchange means that _________.
A.you have to sell something in order to buy something
B.you have to buy something in order to sell something
C.you don't have to buy something in order to sell something
D.the seller and the purchaser are the same person
Another advantage of money is that it is a measure of value, that is, it serves as a unit in terms of which the relative values of different products can be expressed. In a barter economy it would be necessary to determine how many plates were worth one hundred weight of cotton, or how many pens should be exchanged for a ton of coal, which would be a difficult and time-consuming task. The process of establishing relative values would have to be undertaken for every act of exchange, according to what products were being offered against one another, and according to the two parties'desires and preferences. If I am trying to barter fish bananas, for example, a lot would depend on whether the person willing to barter fish for bananas, for example, a lot would depend on whether the person willing to exchange bananas is or not keen on fish.
Thirdly, money acts as a store of wealth. It is difficult to imagine saving under a barter system. No one engaged on only one stage in the manufacture of a person could save part of his output, since he would be producing nothing complete. Even when a person actually produced a complete product the difficulties would be overwhelming. Most products deteriorate fairly rapidly, either physically or in value, as a result of long storage; even if storage were possible, the practice of storing products for years on would involve obvious disadvantages-imagine a coal-miner attempting to save enough coal, which of course is his product, to keep him for life. If wealth could not be saved, or only with great difficulty, future needs could not be provided for, or capital accumulated to raise productivity.
Using money as a medium of exchange means that______.
A.you have to sell something in order to buy something
B.you have to buy something in order to sell something
C.you don't have to buy something in order to sell something
D.the seller and the purchaser are the same person
Passage Two
You may have heard some of the fashion industry horror stories: models eating tissues or cotton balls to hold off hunger, and models collapsing from hunger-induced heart attacks just seconds after they step off the runway.
Excessively skinny models have been a point of controversy for decades, and two researchers say a model&39;s body mass should be a workspace health and safety issue. In an editorial released Monday in the American Journal of Public Health, Katherine Record and Bryn Austin made their case for government regulation of the fashion industry.
The average international runway model has a body mass index (BMI) under 16-low enough to indicate starvation by the World Health Organization&39;s standard. And Record and Austin are worried not just about the models themselves, but about the vast number of girls and women their images influence.
"Especially girls and tens", says Record. "Seventy percent of girls aged 10 to 18 report that they define perfect body image based on what they see in magazines." That&39;s especially worrying, she says, given that anorexia(厌食症)results in more deaths than does any other mental illness, according to the National Institute of Mental Health.
It&39;s commonly known that certain diseases are linked with occupations like lung disease in coal miners. Professional fashion models are particularly vulnerable to eating disorders resulting from occupational demands to maintain extreme thinness.
Record&39;s suggestion is to prohibit agents from hiring models with a BMI below 18.
In April, France passed a law setting lower limits for a model&39;s weight. Agents and fashion houses who hire models with BMI under 18 could pay $82,000 in fines and spend up to 6 months in jail. Regulating the fashion industry in the United States won&39;t be easy, Record says. But with the new rules in France, U.S. support could make a difference. "A designer can&39;t survive without participating in Paris Fashion Week", she says, adding, "Our argument is that the same would be true of New York Fashion Week."
What do Record and Austin say about fashion models&39; body mass?
A.It has caused needless controversy.
B.It is focus of the modeling business.
C.It is but a matter of personal taste.
D.It affects models' health and safety.
Another view, less widely held, is that increasing particulate matter in the atmosphere is blocking sunlight and lowering the earth's temperature — a result that would be equally disastrous. A drop of just a few degrees could create something close to new ice age and would make agriculture difficult or impossible in many of our top fanning areas. At present we do not know for sure that either of these conditions will happen (though one recent government report prepared by experts in the field concluded that the greenhouse effect is very likely). Perhaps, if we are very lucky, the two tendencies will offset each other and the world's temperature will stay about the same as it is now.
According to the text, people used to think that air pollution______.
A.caused health problem in the countryside
B.influenced the entire eastern half of the United States
C.had damaging effect in the whole world
D.existed only in urban and industrial areas
If this view is correct and the world's temperature is raised only a few degrees, much of the polar ice cap will melt and cities such as New York, Boston, Miami, and New Orleans will be under water.
Another view, less widely held, is that increasing particular matter in the atmosphere is blocking sunlight and lowering the earth's temperature—a result that would be equally disastrous. A drop of just a few degrees could create something close to a new ice age, and would make agriculture difficult or impossible in many of our top farming areas. At present we do not know for sure that either of these conditions will happen (though one recent government report prepared by experts in the field concluded that the greenhouse effect is very likely). Perhaps, if we are very lucky, the two tendencies will offset each other and the world's temperature will stay about the same as it is now.
As is pointed out at the beginning of the passage, people used to think that air pollution ______.
A.caused widespread damage in the countryside
B.affected the entire eastern half of the United States
C.had damaging effects on health
D.existed merely in urban and industrial areas
International Trade
Since the end of World War II, international trade has developed dramatically. All countries in the modern world join in worldwide trade, through which various sorts of merchandise and (51) materials arc exported in (52) for foreign currency, which means income wealth from (53) and job opportunity at home, and in the meantime, foreign goods are imported to provide consumers with (54) and welcome merchandise. Today, economic interdependence among countries is so (55) that no country can close its doors to the outside world, and the more prosperous the national economy, the more developed the foreign trade. Economic globalization is now a (56) in the world.
But in the past when old and new colonialism ruled the world there was no free and fair trade at all. Powers, (57) the British empire, the United States, Russia, Japan, divided the world into their spheres of influence—their colonies or dependencies, where their businessmen (58) their merchandise at high prices and bought (59) raw materials and labor at low prices. (60) of wealth flowed to these powers which then grew prosperous, (61) the colonies were driven into destitution (贫困). The national economy of colonies was innately defective. Their industries could not survive the overwhelming (62) of imports from the powers. Their monotonous national economy (63) in production of one or two agricultural crops or (64) products or minerals, to be sold in international market, for example, orange and sugarcane in Cuba, banana and coffee in South-America, coal in Poland, all (65) to supply-demand relation in world market under control of the powers. Even their customs were governed by officials from the powers, whose exported goods thus could enter the colonies nearly duty-free. It was after the collapse of colonialist system all over the world that free and fair international trade, at least theoretically, could be possible.
(51)
A.raw
B.primary
C.primitive
D.crude