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根据下面材料请回答 51～65 题 Less Is More It sounds all wrong--drilling holes in a pi

根据下面材料请回答 51～65 题

Less Is More

It sounds all wrong--drilling holes in a piece of wood to make it more resistant to knocks.But it works because the energy from the blow gets distributed throughout the wood rather than focusing on one weak spot.The discovery should lead to more effective and lighter packaging materials.

Carpenters have known________ (1)centuries that some woods are tougher than others.Hickory(山核桃木),for example,was turned into axe handles and cartwheel spokes(轮辐)because it can absorb shocks without breakin9.White oak,for example,is much more easily damaged,________ (2)it is almost as dense.Julian Vincent at Bathe University and his team were convinced the wood'S internal structure could explain the differences.

Many trees have tubular(管的)vessels that run________ (3)the trunk and carry water to the leaves.In oak they are large,and arranged in narrow bands,but.Il hickory they are smaller, and more evenly distributed.The researchers________ (4)this layout might distribute a blow's energy throughout the wood,soaking up a bigger hit.To test time idea,they drilled holes 0.65 millimeters across into a block of spruce(云杉),a wood with________ (5)vessels,and found that________ (6)withstood a harder knock.________ (7) when there were more than about 30 holes per square centimeter did the wood。S performance drop off.

A uniform. substance doesn‘t cope well with knocks because only a small proportion of the material is actually________ (8).All the energy from the blow goes towards breaking the material in one or two places,but often the pieces left________ (9)are pristine(未经破坏的).

But instead of the energy being concentrated in one place,the holes provide many weak spots that all absorb energy as they break,says Vincent."You are controlling the places________ (10)the wood breaks,and it can then absorb more________ (11),more safely."

The researchers believe the principle could be applied to any material________ (12)example,to manufacture lighter and more protective packaging.It could ________ (13)be used in car bumpers,crash barriers and armour for military vehicles,

says Ulrike Wegst________ (14) the Max Plank Institute for Mental Research in Stuttgart.But she emphasizes that you________ (15)to design the substance with the direction of force in mind."The direction of loading is crucial,"she says.

第 51 题

A．in

B．since

C．for

D．at

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第6题
根据材料请回答 51～65 题 Most people would be 51 by the high quality of medicine 52 to m

根据材料请回答 51～65 题

Most people would be 51 by the high quality of medicine 52 to most Americans.

There is a great deal of attention to the individual, a 53 amount of advanced technical e-quipment, and intense efforts not to make mistakes because of the financial risk which doc-tors and hospitals must face in the courts if they 54 things badly.

But the Americans are in a mess.The problem is the way in 55 health care is organ-ized and financed. 56 to public belief it is not just a free competition system.To the pri-vate system has been joined a large public system, because private care was simply not__57 the less fortunate and the elderly.

But even with this huge public part of the system, 58 this year will eat up 84.5 bil-lion dollars more than 10 per cent of the U.S, budget large numbers of Americans are left 59 .These include about half the 11 million unemployed and those who fail to meet the strict limits 60 income fixed by a government trying to make savings where it can.

The basic problem, however, is that there is no central control 61 the health sys-tem.There is no 62 to what doctors and hospitals charge for their services, other than what the public is able to pay. The number of doctors has shot up and prices have climbed.When faced with toothache, a sick child, or a heart attack, all the unfortunate person concerned can do is pay up.

Two-thirds of the population 63 covered by medical insurance.Doctors charge as much as they want, 64 that the insurance company will pay the bill.The rising cost of medicine in the U.S.

A is among the most worrying problems fa-cing the country.In 1981 the country's health bill climbed 15.9 per cent about twice as fast as prices 65 general.

第 51 题

A．compressed

B．impressed

C．obsessed

D．repressed

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第7题
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第8题
根据材料请回答 51～65 题 The History of American Marriage The horse and carriage is a th

根据材料请回答 51～65 题

The History of American Marriage The horse and carriage is a thing of the past, but love and marriage are still with us and still closely interrelated. Most American marriages, particularly first marriages 51 young couples, are the result of 52 attraction and affection rather than practical consid-erations. In the United States, parents do not arrange marriages for their children.Teenagers begin 53 in high school and usually find mates through their own academic and social 54 .Though young people feel free to choose their friends from 55 groups, most choose a ma-te of similar background.This is 56 in part to parental guidance.Parents cannot select spouses for their children, but they can usually influence choices by 57 disapproval of someone they consider unsuitable. 58 , marriages between members of different groups (interclass, interfaith, and in-terracial marriages) are increasing, probably because of the greater 59 of today's youth and the fact that they are restricted by fewer prejudices than their parents.Many young people leave their home towns to attend college, 60 in the armed forces, or pursue a ca- reer in a bigger city.Once away from home and family, they are more 61 to date and marry outside their own social group. In mobile American society, interclass marriages are neither 62 nor shocking.Inter-faith marriages are 63 the rise particularly between Protestants and Catholics.On the other hand, interracial marriage is still very uncommon.It can be difficult for interracial couples to find a place to live, maintain friendships, and 64 a family.Marriages between people of different national 65 (but the same race and religion) have been commonplace here since colonial times.

第 51 题

A．involving

B．linking

C．connecting

D．correlating

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第9题
根据材料请回答 51～65 题 New Technique Promises Earlier Cancer DetectionA new technique

根据材料请回答 51～65 题

New Technique Promises Earlier Cancer Detection

A new technique could revolutionize the early detection of cancer, giving sufferers a greater chance of beating the disease, American scientists said.Researchers at the Massa-chusetts Institute of Technology have devised a novel method of 51 changes in the nucle-us of cells in the earliest states of the disease."More than 85 percent of all cancers origi-nate in the epithelium (上皮) that lines the internal surfaces of organs 52 the body.Al-though these are treatable 53 they are diagnosed in one of the preventable stages, early body damages are almost 54 to detect," said scientist Feld."We present a new optical-probe (光学探子) technique based on light-scattering spectroscopy (分光镜检查) that is a-ble 55 detect pre-cancerous and early cancerous cells in cell-rich epithelia," he added in a statement.

The new technique relies on the fact 56 cell nuclei change in the early stages of can-cer and the differences scatter light in a characteristic way.Until now the changes were only de-tectable 57 a biopsy (活检) was taken, the scientists said.The new technique, 58 in the Sd-ence journal Nature , can be used in conjunction with a routine cancer screening and surveil-lance technique which uses an endoscope (内窥镜)——a flexible optical probe 59 with cam-eras which is inserted into a cavity(空腔)in the body——to check 60 cancers.

The scientists said they 61 their new technique in four different organs during rou-tine endoscopic cancer screening.The tip of the optical probe was brought into contact with the tissue to be tested and the scattering of light was recorded without the need for any tissue to be 62 , the scientists said."Our results show that light-scattering spectros-copy has the potential to detect pre-cancerous body damages and pre-invasive cancers throughout the body.This technique should 63 improve the efficiency of cancer screening and surveillance," the scientists said.Cancer is one of the biggest 64 in industrialized countries. 65 to figures from the World Health Organization, 10 million people were di-agnosed with the disease worldwide in 1997 and six million died.

第 51 题

A．stopping

B．accelerating

C．delaying

D．detecting

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