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The Romans remained in control of Britain for nearly 400 years and they pulled out in_____
A.306 AD
B.410 AD
C.446 AD
D.1066 AD
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A.306 AD
B.410 AD
C.446 AD
D.1066 AD
In many African tribes the natives【C3】______the ground over which a chief has walked. Kissing the hand and foot has been a mark of respect from the【C4】______times.
The early Romans kissed the mouth or eyes【C5】______a form. of dignified greeting. One Roman emperor allowed his important nobles to kiss his lips, but the【C6】______important ones had to kiss his hands, and the【C7】______. important ones were【C8】______allowed to kiss his feet! It is quite probable that kiss as a form. of affection can be traced back to primitive times when a mother【C9】______fondle(爱抚)her child, just as a mother【C10】______today. It only remained for society to【C11】______this as a custom for expressing affection between adults.
We have evidence that this was already the【C12】______by the time of the sixth century, but we can only assume it was【C13】______long before that. The first【C14】______where the kiss became accepted in courtship and love was in France. When dancing became' popular, almost every dance figure ended【C15】______a kiss.
From France the kiss spread rapidly all over Europe. Russia, which loved to【C16】______the customs of France, adopted the kiss and it spread there through all the upper【C17】______A kiss from the Tsar became【C18】______of the highest forms of recognition from the Crown.
In time, the kiss became a part of courtship.【C19】______marriage customs developed, the kiss became a part of the wedding ceremony. Today, of course, we regard the kiss as an expression of love and tenderness. But there are still many places in the world where the kiss is【C20】______of formal ceremonies and is intended to convey respect.
【C1】
A.it
B.one
C.this
D.itself
根据材料请回答 51~65
We know the kiss as a form. of expressing affection.But long before it became 51 ,it was the custom in many parts of the world to use the kiss as a(n) 52 of respect.
In many African tribes the natives kiss the ground over which a chief has walked.Kissing the hand and foot has been a mark of respect form. the 53 times.
The early Romans kissed the mouth or eyes as a form. of dignified greeting.One Ro-man emperor allowed his important nobles to kiss his lips, but the 54 important ones had to kiss his hands, and the 55 important ones were only allowed to kiss his feet!
It is quite probable that the kiss as a form. of affection can be traced back to primitive times when a mother 56 fondle her child, just as a mother 57 today. It only remained for society to 58 this as a custom for expressing affection between adults.
We have evidence that this was already the 59 by the time of the sixth century, but we can only assume it was 60 long before that.The first 61 where the kiss became ac-cepted in courtship and love was in France.When dancing became popular, almost every dance figure ended 62 a kiss.
From France the kiss spread rapidly all over Europe.Russia, which loved to 63 the customs of France,adopted the kiss and it spread there through all the upper classes.A kiss from the Tsar became one of the highest forms of recognition from the Crown.
In time,the kiss became a part of courtship. 64 marriage customs developed,the kiss became a part of the wedding ceremony.Today,of course,we regard the kiss as ai expression of love and tenderness.But there are still many places in the world where th。kiss is 65 0f formal ceremonies and is intended to convey respect.
第 51 题
A.it
B.one
C.this
D.itself
New Year Traditions
"Happy New Year!", that greeting will be said and heard for at least the first couple of weeks as a new year gets under way. But the day celebrated as New Year's Day in modem America was not always January 1.
Ancient New Years
The celebration of the New Year is the oldest of all holidays. It was first observed in ancient Babylon about 4000 years ago. In the years around 2000 BC, the Babylonian New Year began with the first New Moon (actually the first visible crescent) after the Vernal Equinox (first day of spring) .
The beginning of spring is a logical time to start a new year. After all, it is the season of rebirth, of planting new crops, and of blossoming. January 1, on the other hand, has no astronomical or agricultural significance. It is purely arbitrary.
The Babylonian New Year celebration lasted for eleven days. Each day had its own particular mode of celebration, but it is safe to say that modern New Year's Eve festivities pale in comparison.
The Romans continued to observe the New Year in late March, but their calendar was continually tampered with by various, emperors so that the calendar soon became out of synchronization with the sun.
In order to set the calendar right, the Roman senate, in 153 BC, declared January 1 to be (the beginning of the New Year. But tampering continued until Julius Caesar, in 46 BC, established what has come to be known as The Julian Calendar. It again established January 1 as the New Year. But in order to synchronize the calendar with the sun, Caesar had to let the previous year drag on for 445 days.
The Church's View of New Year Celebration
Although in the first centuries A. D. the Romans continued celebrating the New Year, the early Catholic Church condemned the festivities as paganism. But as Christianity became more widespread, the early church began having its own religious observances concurrently with many of the pagan celebrations, and New Year's Day was no different. New Year is still observed as the Feast of Christ's Circumcision by some denominations.
During the Middle Ages, the Church remained opposed to celebrating New Years. January 1 has been celebrated as a holiday by Western nations for only about the past 400 years.
New Year Traditions
Other traditions of the season include the making of New Year's resolutions. That tradition also dates back to the early Babylonians. Popular modern resolutions might include the promise to lose weight or quit smoking. The early Babylonian's most popular resolution was to return borrowed farm equipment.
The Tournament of Roses Parade dates back to 1886. In that year, members of the Valley Hunt Club decorated their carriages with flowers. It celebrated the ripening of the orange crop in California.
Although the Rose Bowl football game was first played as a part of the Tournament of Roses in 1902, it was replaced by Roman chariot races the following year. In 1916, the football game returned as the sports centerpiece of the festival.
The tradition of using a baby to signify the New Year was begun in Greece around 600 t3. C. It was their tradition at that time to celebrate their god of wine, Dionysus, by parading a baby in a basket, representing the annual rebirth of that god as the spirit of fertility. Early Egyptians also used a baby as a symbol of rebirth.
Although the early Christians criticized the practice as pagan, the popularity of the baby as a symbol of rebirth forced the Church to reconsider its position. The Church finally allowed its members to celebrate the New Year with a baby, which was to symbolize the birth of the baby Jesus.
The use of an image of a baby with a New Year's banner as a symbolic representation of the New Year was brought to early America by the Germans. They had used the imag
A.It was first celebrated in Babylon.
B.It was first celebrated about 4,000 years ago.
C.It was the oldest of all holidays.
D.It has always been celebrated on January 1st.
The sentence "When in Rome, do as the Romans do" means "______"
A.We should learn from the Romans
B.We should work as the Romans do
C.We should obey its customs when we are entering a country
D.We have been Romans
The sentence “When in Rome, do as the Romans do” means that ________.
[A] we should learn from the Romans
[B] we should work as the Romans do
[C] we should obey its customs when we are entering a country.
[D] we have been Romans
The Romans used to sell by auction______.
A.spoilt goods
B.old worn-out weapons
C.property taken from the enemy
D.spears
Romans had special songs for Valentine's Day and they sang them on that day.
A.Y
B.N
C.NG
The Romans first found truly waterproof cement in the early 19th century.
A.Y
B.N
C.NG
Where did the Romans build London?
A.On the express way along the Thames.
B.Along the Thames River.
C.On the north bank of the Thames.
D.On the south bank of the Thames.
Greeks and Romans were aware of the potential of modifications to the body to ______.
A.help develop a sense of fashion
B.break societal norms
C.help develop society
D.mark various distinctions