题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
The true historian should base his statements on ______.
A．findings of other historians
B．documents created at the present time
C．his own inferences
D．sound historical materials
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更多“The true historian should base…”相关的问题
The True Historian
To be "historically minded" is to see things in relation and in perspective, and to judge tolerantly. We must remember how differently men have thought and acted in different time. We must always keep an open mind, ready to receive and weigh new evidence. If we grasp this idea, we will never think that a historian(历史学家) is someone who can remember dates. That childish idea is like calling a man a statesman (政治家) because be can remember the names of voters in his district. A waiter could remember more names and a telephone operator more numbers than the greatest historian.
The true historian is not content to take all his facts from other historians. Today he makes sure his statements are based on sound "documents" or "sources" which go back to the time of the facts themselves.
But the historian needs always to be in his guard not to be misled by his sources. A document may not be a real one. Its author may be lying on purpose for some reason. He may be so greatly influenced by national, religious, party, or personal backgrounds as to be totally unfair to the other side. If honest, he may be misinformed as to the facts and mistaken in his inferences.
Anyone who reads the accounts published in the different countries concerning the causes and results of wars will realize that the historian needs caution and training in handling these sources. The trained historian asks first: "Did this writer mean to tell the truth？" and second: "Was he in a position or frame. of mind to tell the truth even if he wants to？" Every statement must be patiently weighed and tested and combined with all other available information in order to get at the truth.
A "historically minded" researcher ______.
A．always keeps an open mind to history
B．looks at one historical event without relating it to another
C．sees things from a single point of view
D．refuses to accept new evidence
Ford’s Assembly Line When it comes to singling out those who have made a difference in all our lives， you cannot overlook Henry Ford. A historian a century from now might well conclude that it was Ford who most influenced all manufacturing， everywhere， even to this day， by introducing a new way to make cars-one， strange to say， that originated in slaughterhouses（屠宰场）。
Back in the early 1900‘s， slaughterhouses used what could have been called a “disassembly line”。 Ford reversed this process to see if it would speed up production of a part of an automobile engine called a magneto. Rather than have each worker completely assemble a magneto， one of its elements was placed on a conveyer， and each worker， as it passed， added another component to it， the same one each time. Professor David Hounshell of the University of Delaware， an expert on industrial development， tells what happened.
“The previous day， workers carrying out the entire process had averaged one assembly every 20 minutes. But on that day， on the line， the assemble team averaged one every 13 minutes and 10 seconds per person.”
Within a year， the time had been reduced to five minutes. In 1913， Ford went all the way. Hooked together by ropes， partially assembled vehicles were towed（拖，拉） past workers who completed them one piece at a time. It hasn‘t long before Ford was turning out several hundred thousand cars a year， a remarkable achievement then. And so efficient and economical was this new system that he cut the price of his cars in half， to $260， putting them within reach of all those who， up until that time， could not afford them. Soon， auto makers the world over copied him. In fact， he encouraged them to do so by writing a book about all of his innovations， entitled Today and Tomorrow. The Age of the Automobile has arrived. Today， aided by robots and other forms of automation（自动化）， everything from toasters to perfumes is made on assembly lines.
第6题：Which of the following statements about Henry Ford is NOT true？
A．He introduced a new way of production.
B．He influenced all manufacturing.
C．He inspired other auto makers.
D．He changed a historian’s mind.
When two hands meet, we pass on something of ourselves. After 【26】______ to Mark Twain, Helen—who was both deaf and blind—commented, "I can feel the twinkle of his eye 【27】______ his handshake." In some indefinable way, Twain had 【28】______ his charm to Keller.
And that's probably been true of the handshake all the 【29】______ back to its earliest days, — 【30】______ no one can tell its actual 【31】______ . A common explanation is that 【32】______ early man encountered a stranger, he 【33】______ out his hand to show he had no weapon. From this, supposedly, 【34】______ the handshake.
Not so, says historian Brian Burke. He believes, the handshake 【35】______ "putting your blood behind your breath." He explains that ancient people 【36】______ the spoken word alone, and they used the handclasp to signify that their 【37】______ was backed up by the 【38】______ of their heart—i, e. , their blood. 【39】______ , the handshake suggested trust.
That 【40】______ of trust has survived to this day. People in business often 【41】______ agreements simply by declaring, "Let's shake 【42】______ it."
Perhaps the most 【43】______ handshake took place on July 17, 1975, during the Apollo-Soyuz get-together in space. After the two crafts came together, American astronaut Thomas Stafford 【44】______ the extended hand of Soviet cosmonaut Alexey Leonov. The 【45】______ to the world was one of friendship and peace.
【26】
A．introducing
B．introduced
C．being introduced
D．having introduced
A．wisdom
B．language
C．traditions
D．beliefs
A．He is a Persian.
B．He lived in the 400's B.C.
C．He wrote about how the battle of Salamis began.
D．He is a historian who told the story of the past.
What does the professor imply when he mentions an art historian？
A．Art historians have been learning how to use spectroscopes.
B．Scientists need to learn how art historians analyze paintings.
C．Confirming the authenticity of artworks requires collaboration.
D．Spectroscopic analysis can help identify a painter"s techniques.
The true historian is not content to take all his facts from other historians. Today he makes sure that his statements are based on sound "documents" or "sources" which go back to the time of the facts themselves.
But the historian needs always to be in his guard net to be misled by his sources. A document may net be a real one. Its author may be lying on purpose for some reasons. He may be so greatly influenced by national, religious, party or personal backgrounds as to be totally unfair to the other side. If honest, he may be misinformed as to the facts and mistaken in his inferences.
Anyone who reads the accounts published in the different countries concerning the causes and results of wars will realize that the historian needs caution and training in handling these sources. The trained historian asks first: "Did this writer mean to tell the truth？" and second; "Was he in a position or frame. of mind to tell the truth even if he wants to？" Every statement must be patiently weighed and tested and combined with all other available information in order to get at the truth.
A "historically minded" researcher ______.
A．always keeps an open mind to history
B．looks at one historical event without relating it to another
C．sees things from a single point of view
D．refuses to accept new evidence
根据短文回答 36～40 题。
Ford's Assembly Line
When it comes to singling out those who have made a difference in all our lives you cannot overlook Henry Ford. A historian a century from now might well conclude that it was Ford who most influenced all manufacturing, everywhere, even to this day, by introducing a new way to make cars--one, strange to say, that originated in slaughterhouses (屠宰场).
Back in the early 1900's, slaughterhouses used what could have been called a "disassembly line,. Ford reversed this process to see if it would speed up production of a part of an automobile engine called a magneto. Rather than have each worker completely assemble a magneto, one of its elements was placed on e conveyer, and each worker, as it passed, added another component to it, the same one each time.
Professor David Household of the University of Delaware, an expert on industrial development, tells what happened:
"The previous day, workers carrying out the entire process had averaged one assembly every 20 minutes. But on that day, on the line, the assembly team averaged one every 13 minutes and 10 seconds per person."
Within a year, the time had been reduced to five minutes. In 1913, Ford went all the way. Hooked together by ropes, partially assembled vehicles were towed (拖,拉) past workers who completed them one piece at a time. It wasn't long before Ford was turning out several hundred thousand cars a year, a remarkable achievement then And so efficient and economical was this new system that me cut the price of his cars in half, to $260, putting them within reach of all those who, up until that time, could not afford them. Soon, auto makers the world over copied him. In fact, he encouraged them to do so by writing a book about all of his innovations, entitle today and tomorrow. The Age of the Automobile has arrived. Today, aided by robots and other forms of automation (自动化), everything from toasters to perfumes is made on assembly lines.
第 36 题 Which of the following statements about Henry Ford is NOT true？（）
A．He introduced a new way of production.
B．He influenced all manufacturing.
C．He inspired other auto makers.
D．He changed the minds of historians.
Centers of the Great European Cities
The centers of the great cities of Europe are meeting places by tradition. People gather there to drink coffee and chat late into the night. A mixture of locals and tourists make for an exciting, metropolitan atmosphere.
Squares, plazas (广场) and arcades (拱廊) form. the heart of Europe's cities.
Venice in Italy has the Piazza San Marco - a beautiful square surrounded by shops, churches, restaurants and cafes. In Barcelona, Spain, La Bosqueria is a lively market with hundreds of stalls selling all kinds of goods. London's Covent Garden is filled with fruit and vegetable stalls by day and musicians, acrobats (杂质演员) and artists by night. The government buildings at the center of many cities often are architecturally impressive. In London, they serve as a beautiful backdrop (背景) to the coffee tables that line the streets and the banks of the Thames.
These vibrant (有活力的) hearts are the product of centuries of evolution, social historian Joel Garreau told US News and World Report recently. "The reason people think Venice is so great today is you don't see all the mistakes," said Garreau. "Those have all been removed." Most European cities were laid out before the invention of the car, so bars, restaurants and cafes were near to people's homes. Today, the focus of many Europeans' life has moved away from the centers. They live in the suburbs and outskirts, driving to supermarkets to get their supplies. But on a continent where people treasure convention, there are still those who hold onto traditional ways, living and shopping locally. These people, together with tourists, provide the city centers with their reason for existence.
Coffee culture plays a part in keeping these city centers flourishing. This is particularly true of Pads whose citizens are famous enthusiastic conversationalists. This skill is developed over many hours spent chatting over espressos (浓咖啡) and cigarettes.
Religion also plays a role in developing sociable atmosphere. People in Roman Catholic countries used to visit the Church on an almost daily basis. Entire communities would gather in the same building and then move out to the markets, cafes and bars in the surrounding streets. An enormous example of this relationship between church and society is the Duomo. The huge marble cathedral in Florence, Italy is surrounded by bakeries and coffee shops, and caters not only to the tourist crowds, but also the local community.
It can be inferred from the first paragraph that each big city in Europe
A．has many large squares.
B．has many very magnificent sky-scrapers.
C．draws tourists in large numbers every year.
D．has a center where tourists meet their spouses.
Centers of the Great European Cities
The centers of the great cities of Europe are meeting places by tradition. People gather there to drink coffee and chat late into the night. A mixture of locals and tourists make for an exciting. metropolitan（大都市的）atmosphere.
Squares, plazas（广场）and arcades（拱廊）form. the heart of Europe's cities.
Venice in Italy has the Piazza San Marco - a beautiful square surrounded by shops, churches, restaurants and cafes. In Barcelona, Spain, La Bosqueria is a lively market with hundreds of stalls selling all kinds of goods. London's Covent Garden is filled with fruit and vegetable stalls by day and musicians, acrobats（杂技演员）and artists by night. The government buildings at the center of many cities often are architecturally impressive. In London, they serve as a beautiful backdrop（背景）to the coffee tables that line the streets and the banks of the Thames.
These vibrant（有活力的）hearts are the product of centuries of evolution, social historian Joel Garreau told US News and World Report recently. “The reason people think Venice is so great today is you don’t see all the mistakes,” said Garreau. “Those have all been removed.” Most European cities were laid out before the invention of the car, so bars, restaurants and cafes were near to people’s homes. Today, the focus of many Europeans' life has moved away from the centers. They live in the suburbs and outskirts, driving to supermarkets to get their supplies. But on a continent where people treasure convention there are still those who hold onto traditional ways, living and shopping locally. These people, together with tourists, provide the city centers with their reason for existence.
Coffee culture plays a part in keeping these city centers flourishing. This is particularly true of Paris whose citizens are famous enthusiastic conversationalists. This skill is developed over many hours spent chaffing over espressos（浓咖啡）and cigarettes.
Religion also plays a role in developing sociable atmosphere. People in Roman Catholic countries used to visit the Church on an almost daily basis. Entire communities would gather in the same building and then move out to the markets, cafés and bars in the surrounding streets. An enormous example of this relationship between church and society is the Duomo. The huge marble cathedral in Florence, Italy is surrounded by bakeries and coffee shops, and caters（迎合）not only to the tourist crowds, but also the local community.
41 It can be inferred from the first paragraph that each big city in Europe
A has many large squares.
B has many very magnificent sky-scrapers.
C draws tourists in large numbers every yean
D has a center where tourists meet their spouses.
