题目内容
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The other people laughed because they thought what Mr. Johes did was ______ .
A．useful
B．helpful
C．foolish
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Bilingual Education
Bilingual education in America is hundreds of years old, hardly a "new" issue. In 1837, Pennsylvania law required that school instruction be given on an equal basis in German as well as English. In fact, that example provides us with a fairly concise definition of bilingual education, the use of two languages for instruction. But, almost a century later, as America was being pulled into World War I, foreign languages were seen as unpatriotic. Public pressure routed the German language from the curriculum, although nearly one in four high school students was studying the language at the time. Some states went even further. Committed to a rapid assimilation(同化)of new immigrants, and suspicious of much that was foreign, these states prohibited the teaching of any foreign language during the first eight years of schooling.
Despite the long history of bilingual education in this country, many school districts never really bought into the concept. In districts without bilingual education, students with a poor command of English had to sink or swim (or perhaps, more accurately, "speak or sink"). Students either learned to speak English as they sat in class—or they failed school, an approach sometimes referred to as language submersion. If submersion was not to their liking, they could choose to leave school. Many did.
Bilingual education had a rebirth in the 1960s, as the Civil rights movement brought new attention to the struggles of many Americans temporarily without citizenship, including non-English speakers trying to learn in a language they did not understand. And, unlike the 1800s, by the 1960s and 1970s education had become less an option and more a necessity, the access to economic success. To respond to this need, Congress passed the Bilingual Education Act in 1968. This act provided federal financial incentives, using what some people call "a carrot approach," to encourage schools to initiate bilingual education programs. Not all districts chased the carrot.
From the start, the Bilingual Education Act was fraught with problems. The act lacked concrete recommendations for implementation and did not specify standards. Individual school districts and, in some cases, even individual schools, experimented with different approaches. In too many cases, the act simply failed to serve the students it was meant to serve.
During the early 1970s, disappointed parents initiated lawsuits. In 1974, the Supreme Court heard the case of Lau v. Nichols. This class action lawsuit centered around Kinney Lau and 1,800 other Chinese students from the San Francisco area who were failing their courses because they could not understand English. The Court affirmed that federally funded schools must "correct the language deficiency" of these students. Teaching students in a language they did not understand was not an appropriate education. The Court's decision in Lau v. Nichols prompted Congress to pass the Equal Educational Opportunities Act (EEOA). Under this law, school districts must take positive steps to provide equal education for language-minority students by eliminating language barriers.
Typically in the bilingual approach, limited English proficiency (LEP) students learn English as a second language while taking other academic subjects in their native language. The transitional approach begins by using the native language as a bridge to English-language instruction. Academic subjects are first taught using the native language, but progressively the students transition to English, to their new language. This is the most widely used approach. The maintenance, or developmental, approach emphasizes the importance of maintaining both languages. The goal is to create a truly bilingual student, one who acquires English while maintaining competence in the native language. Students are instructed in both languages. English as a Second
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
Racial discrimination, refers to ______.
A．disrespect to people of other nationality
B．hostility towards foreigners
C．hostility towards people speaking other languages
D．disrespect to people of a different color
How was Gerard Croiset different from other people？
A．He could "see" people and things in other places.
B．He could hear people talk far away.
C．He could read people's minds.
The case that everyone has talking is the arrest of Dale Clover, a thirty-six-year-old father of three, at a shopping mall in St. Louis, Missouri. He was arrested after an employee at the mall saw him spanking his five-year-old son, Donny, and called the police. The father was arrested for child abuse. Mr. Clover admits that he hit his son but says that it wasn't child abuse. He says it was discipline.
Across the country, parents disagree on this issue: What is the difference between loving discipline and child abuse？ Some parents like Rhonda Moore see a clear difference between spanking and child abuse. Rhonda Moore believes a little bit of pain is necessary to teach a child what is right and wrong. "It's like burning your hand when you touch a hot stove. Pain is nature's way of teaching us." Moore believes that spanking is done out of love, but child abuse is done out of anger, when the parent loses control. "When I spank my children, I always talk to them before and afterward, and explain why they are being spanked. I explain what they did wrong, and they remember not to do it again." Moore says that her children respect her as a parent and understand that she is spanking them for their own good.
In contrast, Taylor Robinson, father of four, feels that parents should never hit their children for any reason. Robinson wants his children to learn right and wrong, but not because they are afraid of being hit. "Spanking teaches children to fear their parents, not respect them. When a parent spanks a child, what the child learns is that problems should be solved with violence." Robinson believes that children learn that it is acceptable for parents to hurt their children. "None of these are lessons that I want to teach my children. I want my children to learn to talk about their problems and solve them without violence, but spanking doesn't teach that."
Parents are split about corporal punishment, and doctors also disagree about the issue. Dr. John Oparah thinks our child abuse laws sometimes go too far; that is, they make it difficult for parents to discipline their children. Oparah says that today many children do not respect their parents. "Children need strong, loving discipline. Sometimes spanking is the best way to get a child's attention, to make sure the child listens to the parent."
Most doctors, however, say that there are many harmful effects of spanking. Dr. Beverly Lau is opposed to spanking. Lau argues that spanking can lead to more violent behavior. in children. She points to research shows that children who are spanked are more violent when they grow up. "A child may stop misbehaving for the moment, but over time, children who are spanked actually misbehave more than children who are not spanked." Lau adds that research shows that, if you want a peaceful family, parents should not spank their children.
The issue of spanking and corporal punishment will continue to be debated among parents and in the courts. In the meantime, if he is convicted of child abuse, Dale Clover could get up to five years in prison.
What is the main idea of this passage？
A．Doctors believe that spanking is harmful to children.
B．Parents and doctors disagree about the benefits of spanking children.
C．Spanking teaches children the difference between right and wrong.
D．Child abuse laws make it difficult for parents to discipline their kids.
Which of the following were NOT copied from the Beatles by other people？
A．Hairstyles.
B．Clothing.
C．Way of singing.
D．Humor.
To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called an【C12】______, which moves a bar(or curtain)down the page at a predetermined speed. The bar is set at a slightly faster rate【C13】______the reader finds comfortable, in order to" stretch " him. The accelerator forces the reader to read fast,【C14】______word-by-word reading, regression, and subvocalization, practically impossible. At first【C15】______is sacrificed for speed. But when you learn to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster,【C16】______your comprehension will improve. Many people have found【C17】______reading skills drastically improved after such training.【C18】______Charles Lau, a business manager, for instance, his reading speed was a reasonably good 172 words a minute【C19】______the training, now it is an excellent 1,378 words a minute. He is delighted that now he can【C20】______a lot more reading material during a short period of time.
【C1】
A．applying
B．doing
C．offering
D．getting
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
Americans tend to ______.
A．be confident in stating their views
B．disregard other people's views
C．disregard their own achievements
A.Other people are satisfied with staying where they are
B.Other people are content with the status quo
C.Other people are complacent
D.Other people find the situation acceptable
