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根据以下材料,回答题Why Don"t Babies Talk Like Adults?Over the past half-century, scientist

根据以下材料,回答题

Why Don"t Babies Talk Like Adults?

Over the past half-century, scientists have settled on two reasonable theories related to babytalk. One states that a young child"s brain needs time to master language, in the same way that it does to master other abilities such as physical movement. The second theory states that a child"s vocabulary level is the key factor. According to this theory, some key steps have to occur in a logical sequence before sentence formation occurs. Children"s mathematical knowledge develops in the same way.

In 2007, researchers at Harvard University, who were studying the two theories, found a clever way to test them. More than 20, 000 internationally adopted children enter the U. S. each year. Many of them no longer hear their birth language after they arrive, and they must learn English more or less the same way infants do——that is, by listening and by trial and error. International adoptees don"t take classes or use a dictionary when they are learning their new tongue and most of them don"t have a well-developed first language. All of these factors make them an ideal population in which to test these competing hypotheses about how language is learned.

Neuroscientists Jesse Snedeker, Joy Geren and Carissa Shafto studied the language development of 27 children adopted from China between the ages of two and five years. These children began learning English at an older age than US natives and had more mature brains with which to tackle the task. Even so, just as with American-born infants, their first English sentences consisted of single words and were largely bereft (缺乏的) of function words, word endings and verbs. The adoptees then went through the same stages as typical American-born children, though at a faster clip. The adoptees and native children started combining words in sentences when their vocabulary reached the same sizes, further suggesting that what matters is not how old you are or how mature your brain is, but the number of words you know.

This finding——that having more mature brains did not help the adoptees avoid the toddler-talk stage—— suggests that babies speak in babytalk not because they have baby brains, but because they have only just started learning and need time to gain enough vocabulary to be able to expand their conversations. Before long, the one-word stage will give way to the two-word stage and so on.

Learning how to chat like an adult is a gradual process.

But this potential answer also raises an even older and more difficult question. Adult immigrants who learn a second language, rarely achieve the same proficiency in a foreign language as the average child raised as a native speaker. Researchers have long suspected there is a "critical period" for language development, after which it cannot proceed with full success to fluency. Yet we still do not understand this critical period or know why it ends.

What is the writer‘s main purpose in Paragraph 2? 查看材料

A.To reject the view that adopted children need two languages.

B.To argue that culture affects the way children learn a language.

C.To give reasons why adopted children were used in the study.

D.To justify a particular approach to language learning.

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更多“根据以下材料,回答题Why Don"t Babies Tal…”相关的问题
第1题
根据以下材料,回答题Mad Scientist Stereotype OutdatedDo people still imagine a physicist as

根据以下材料,回答题

Mad Scientist Stereotype Outdated

Do people still imagine a physicist as a bearded man in glasses or has the image of the mad scientist changed? The Institute of Physics set out to find out whether the stereotype of a physic"boffin" (科学家) still exists by conducting a survey on shoppers in London. The people were asked to identify the physicist from a photograph of a line-up of possible suspects. 98 percent of those asked got it wrong. Most people picked a white male of around 60, wearing glasses and with a white beard.

While this stereotype may have been the image of all average physicist fifty years ago, the reality is now very different. Since 1960 the number of young women entering physics has doubled and the average age of a physicist is now 31.

The stereotype of the absent-minded scientist has lasted a long time because the media and Hollywood help promote the image of men in white lab coats with glasses sitting by blackboards full of equations (等式) or working with fizzing (嘶嘶响 ) test tubes. These stereotypes are really damaging to society. Very good school children are put off studying science because they don"t see people like themselves on television or in magazines doing science. They simply don"t relate to the media"s image of the mad scientist.

This is one reason why fewer young people are choosing to do science at university. If we want to encourage more young people to study science subjects, we need to change this image of the scientist and make science careers more attractive. But we must also develop children"s interest in science.

In an attempt to change this negative image, an increasing number of science festivals are being organized. Thousands of people from secondary schools are also encouraged to take part in the internationwide science competitions of which the most popular are the national science Olympiads. Winning national teams then get the opportunity to take part in the Intemational Science Olympiads which are held in a different county every year. These events are all interesting for the young people who take part but they only involve a small proportion of students who are already interested in science. It seems that there is a long way to go before science becomes attractive as subjects like computer studies or fashion and design.

Most people have similar ideas of what a physicist looks like. 查看材料

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

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第2题
根据以下材料,回答题。A Debate on the English LanguageA measure declaring English the nation

根据以下材料,回答题。

A Debate on the English Language

A measure declaring English the national language is under intense debate in the United States. The US Senate passed two declarations last week. One calls English the nation"s official language and the other says it is the "common and unifying(统一的) "tongue. But Americans found themselves divided on the issue.

Since people worldwide know that most Americans speak only English, many can"t understand why the issue is so controversial(有争议的).

"The discussion is related to fears of immigration issues, "says Dick Tucker, a social scientist at Pittsburgh"s Carnegie Mellon University. "It"s related to a worry about the changing demography(人口统计) of the "US It"s a worry, about who will continue to have political and economic influence.

In fact, the notion of protecting the language has been kicked around almost since the nation"s founding. John Adams lobbied(游说)in 1780 for the creation of a national academy to correct and improve the English language. But his proposal died, since lawmakers saw it as a royalist(保皇主义者) attempt to define personal behavior.

Since then, the country hasn"t had a national language,but the idea of recognizing the special status of English lived on.

The emotions surrounding language resurface (再次浮现)not because people feel comfortable with English. It is more about the discomfort many Americans feel with the new languages, says Walt Wolfram, a professor at North Carolina State University.

"Language is never about language," he says.

According to the 2000 US Census Bureau report,of209 million Americans over 18 years old,172 million speak only English at home. About 37 million speak languages other than English.Among them,6.5 million speak poor English and 3.1 million don"t speak English at all.

What are the two declarations concerned with? 查看材料

A.The status of the English language.

B.The protection of new languages.

C.The rights to speak one"s mother tongue.

D.The improvement of the English language.

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第3题
根据以下材料,回答题The Biology of MusicHumans use music as a powerful way to communicate.

根据以下材料,回答题

The Biology of Music

Humans use music as a powerful way to communicate. It may also play an important role in love. But what is music, and how does it work its magic? Science does not yet have all theanswers.

What are two things that make humans different from animals? One is language, and the other is music. It is true that some animals can sing (and many birds sing .better than a lot of people).

However, the songs of animals, such as birds and whales, are very limited. It is also true that humans, not animals ,have developed musical instruments.

Music is strange stuff. It is clearly different from language. However, people can use music to communicate things——especially their emotions. When music is combined with speech in a song, it is a very powerful form. of communication. But, biologically speaking, what is music?

If music is truly different from speech, then we should process music and language in different parts of the brain. The scientific evidence suggests that this is true.

Sometimes people who suffer brain damage lose their ability to process language. However,they don"t automatically lose their musical abilities. For example, Vissarion Shebalin, a Russiancomposer, had a stroke in 1953. It injured the left side of his brain. He could no longer speak or understand speech. He could, however, still compose music until his death ten years later.

On the other hand, sometimes strokes cause people to lose their musical ability, but they can still speak and understand speech. This shows that the brain processes music and language separately.

By studying the physical effects of music on the body, scientists have also learned a lot about how music influences the emotions. But why does music have such a strong effect on us? That is a harder question to answer. Geoffrey Miller, a researcher at University College, London, thinks that music and love have a strong connection. Music requires special talent, practice, and physical ability. That"s why it may be a way of showing your fitness to be someone"s.mate. For example,singing in tune or playing a musical instrument requires fine muscular control. You also need a good memory to remember the notes. And playing or singing those notes correctly suggests that your hearing is in excellent condition. Finally ,when a man sings to the woman he loves (or vice versa), it may be a way of showing off.

However, Miller"s theory still doesn"t explain why certain combinations of sounds influence our emotions so deeply. For scientists, this is clearly an area that needs further research.

Humans,but not animals, can sing. 查看材料

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

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第4题
根据以下材料,回答题How to Argue with Your Boss(1) Before you argue with your boss, check w

根据以下材料,回答题

How to Argue with Your Boss

(1) Before you argue with your boss, check with the boss"s secretary to determine his mood. if he ate nails for breakfast, it is not a good idea to ask him for something, even without the boss"s secretary, they are keys to timing: don"t approach the boss when he"s on deadline; don"t go in right before lunch, when he is apt to be distracted and rushed; don"t go in just before or after he has taken a vacation.

(2) If you"re mad, that will only make your boss mad. Calm down first, and don"t let a particular concern open the floodgates for all your accumulated frustration. The boss will feel that you think negatively about the company and it is hopeless trying to change your mind. then,maybe he will dismiss you.

(3) Terrible disputes can result when neither the employer nor the employee knows what is the problem the other wants to discuss. Sometimes the fight will go away when the issues are made clear, the employee has to get his point across clearly in order to make the boss understand it.

(4) Your boss has enough on his mind without your adding more. If you can"t put forward an immediate solution, at least suggest how to approach the problem. People who frequently present problems without solutions to their bosses may soon find they can"t get past the secretary.

(5) To deal effectively with a boss, it"s important to consider his goals and pressures, if you can put yourself in the position of being a partner to the boss, then he will be naturally more inclined to work with you to achieve your goals.

Paragraph 2__________. 查看材料

A.Keep your voice low all the time

B.Put yourself in the boss"s position

C.Propose your solution

D.Don"t go in when you are angry

E.Make the issue clear

F.Never give in

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第5题
根据以下材料,回答题。Knowing You r Real Personality fromSleeping PositionsEveryone has got

根据以下材料,回答题。

Knowing You r Real Personality from

Sleeping Positions

Everyone has got two personalities——the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real.You don’t show your secret personality when you’re awake because you can control yourself,but when you’re asleep,your sleeping position shows the real you.In a normal night.of course,you often change your sleeping positions.The important position that best shows vour secret personality is the one that you go to sleep.

If You goto sleep。n your back,You’re a Very oPen person.You norinally trust people and you are easily influenced by new ideas.You don"t like to make people unhappy,so you never express your real feelings.You’re quite shy and you aren’t very con6dent.

If you sleep on your stomach,you are a person who likes to keep secrets.You worry a lot and you’re always easily becoming sad.You never want to change your ideas,but you are satisfied with your life the way it is.You usually live for today not for tomoITow.

If you sleep on curled up,you are probably a very nervous person.You have a low oDinion of yourself and often protect yourself from being hurt,SO you are very defensive.You,re shv and you don’t usually like meeting people.You like to be on your own.

If you sleep on your side,you have usually got a well.balanced perSonality.You know vour strengths and weaknesses.You’re usually careful.You have a confident personality.You sometimes feel worried,but you don’t ofteIl get unhappy.You always say what you think.even if it makes people angry.

You may find the passage in 查看材料

A.a science magazine

B.a guide book

C.a sports newspaper

D.a story book

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第6题
根据以下材料,回答题A Heroic WomanThe whole of the United States cheered its latest hero, A

根据以下材料,回答题

A Heroic Woman

The whole of the United States cheered its latest hero, Ashley Smith, with the Federal Bureau of Investigation saying it was planning to give a big reward to her for having a brave heart and wise mind.

__________ (46) She was moving into her apartment in Atlanta, Georgia early on the moming of March 12, when a man followed her to her door and put a gun to her side. "I started walking to my door, and I felt really, really afraid, "she said in a TV interview last week. The man was Brian Nichols,33. He was suspected of killing three people at an Atlanta courthouse (法院) on March 11 and later of killing a federal agent. __________ (47)

Nichols tied Smith up with tape, but released her after she repeatedly begged him not to take her life. "I told him if he hurt me, my little girl wouldn"t have a mummy, "she said. In order to calm the man down, she read to him from "The Purpose-Driven Life", a best-selling religious book. He asked her to repeat a paragraphabout "what you thought your purpose in life waswhat talents were you given". __________ (48)

"I basically just talked to him and tried to gain his trust, "Smith said.

Smith said she asked Nichols why he chose her. "He said he thought I was an angel sent from God, and we were Christian sister and brother, "she said. "And that he was lost, and that God led him to me to tell him that he had hurt a lot of people." __________ (49) She said Nichols was surprised when she made him breakfast and that the two of them watched television coverage (报道) of the police hunt for him."I cannot believe that"s me, "Nichols told the woman. Then, Nichols asked Smith what she thought he should do. She said, "I think you should turn yourself in. If you don"t, lots more people are going to get hurt."

Eventually, he let her go. __________ (50) A US $60,000 reward had been posted for Nichols" capture. Authorities said they did not yet know if Smith would be eligible (有资格的 ) for that money.

回答(46)题 查看材料

A.The local police were searching for him.

B.Smith is a 26-year-old single mother with a daughter.

C.Smith tried very hard to kill Nichols.

D.She even cooked breakfast for the man before he allowed her to leave.

E.And the two of them discussed this topic.

F.Then she called the police.

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第7题
根据以下材料,回答题Why Would They Falsely Confess?Why on earth would an innocent person fa

根据以下材料,回答题

Why Would They Falsely Confess?

Why on earth would an innocent person falsely confess to committing a crime? To mostpeople, it just doesn"t seem logical. But it is logical, say experts, if you understand what can happen in a police interrogation (审讯) room. Under the right conditions, people"s minds are susceptible (易受影响的) to influence, and the pressure put on suspects during police grillings(盘问) is enormous. __________ (46) "Thepressure is important to understand. Because,otherwise, it"s impossible to understand whysomeone would say he did something he didn"t do.

The answer is: to put an end to anuncomfortable situation that will continue until he does confess." Developmental psychologist Allison Redlich recently conducted a laboratorydetermine how likely people are to confess to things they didn"t do. __________ (47) The researchers then intentionally crashed the computers and accused the participants of hittingthe "alt" key to see if they would sign a statement falsely taking responsibility.

Redlich"s findings clearly demonstrate how easy it can be to get people to falsely confess: 59 percent of the young adults in the experiment immediately confessed __________ (48) Of the 15-to-16-year-olds, 72 percent signed confessions, as did 78 percent of the 12-to-13-year-olds.

"There"s no question that young people are more at risk," says Saul Kassin, Professor at Williams College, who has done similar studies with similar results. __________ (49) Both Kassin and Redlich note that the entire "interrogation" in their experiments consisted of a simple accusation——not hours of aggressive questioning—— and still, most participants falsely confessed. Because of the stress of a police interrogation, they conclude, suspects can becomeconvinced that falsely confessing is the easiest way out of a bad situation. __________ (50)

回答(46)题 查看材料

A.In her experiment, participants were seated at computers and told not to hit the "alt" key, because doing so would crash the systems.

B."In some ways," says Kassin, "false confession becomes a rational decision."

C."It"s a little like somebody"s working on them with a dental (牙齿的 ) drill," says Franklin Zimring, a law professor at the University of California at Berkeley.

D."But adults are highly vulnerable too."

E.How could an innocent person admit to doing something he didn"t do?

F.Redlich also found that the younger the participant, the more likely a false confession.

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第8题
根据以下材料,回答题Influence from InternetThere can be no doubt at all that the Intemet ha

根据以下材料,回答题

Influence from Internet

There can be no doubt at all that the Intemet has made a huge difference to our lives. Parents are worried that children spend too much time playing on the Intemet, hardly ___________ (51) doing anything else in their spare time. Naturally, parents are ___________ (52) to find out why the Interact is so attractive, and they want to know if it can be ___________ (53) for their children. Should parents worry if their children are spending that much time ___________ (54) their computers?

Obviously; if children are bent over their computers for hours, ___________ (55) in some game,instead of doing their homework, then something is wrong. Parents and children could decide how much use the child should ___________ (56) of the Intemet and the child should give ___________ (57) to parents that it won"t interfere with homework. If the child is not ___________ (58 ) to this arrangement,the parent can take more drastic ___________ (59) dealing with a child"s use of the Intemet, which is not much ___________ (60) from any other sort of bargain about behaviour.

Any parent who is ___________ (61) alarmed about a child"s behaviour should make an appointment to ___________ (62) the matter with a teacher. Spending time in front of the screen does not ___________ (63) affect a child"s performance at school. Even ifa child is ___________ (64) crazy about using the Intemet, he or she is probably just ___________ (65) through a phase, and in a few months there will be something else to worry about!

回答(51)题 查看材料

A.always

B.rarely

C.never

D.ever

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第9题
根据以下材料,回答题Privacy in the 21st CenturySomeday a stranger will read your e-mail wit

根据以下材料,回答题

Privacy in the 21st Century

Someday a stranger will read your e-mail without your permission or scan the Websites you"ve visited, or perhaps someone will casually glance through your credit card purchases or cell phone bills to find out your shopping preferences or calling habits.

In fact, it"s likely some of these things have already happened to you. Who would watch you without your permission.0 It might be a spouse, a girlfriend, a marketing company, a boss, a cop or a criminal. Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you never intended to be seen——the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked.

Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, that it"s important to reveal yourself to friends,family and lovers in stages, at appropriate times. But few boundaries remain. The digital bread crumbs (碎屑) you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are, where you are and what you like. In some cases, a simple Google search can reveal what you think. Like it or not, increasingly we live in a world where you simply cannot keep a secret.

The key question is: Does that matter? For many Americans, the answer apparently is "no".

When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy, most say they are concerned about losing it.

A survey found an overwhelming pessimism about privacy, with 60 percent of respondents saying they feel their privacy is "slipping away, and that bothers me".

But people say one thing and do another. Only a tiny fraction of Americans change any behaviors in an effort to preserve their privacy. Few people turn down a discount at tollbooths (收费站 ) to avoid using the EZ-Pass system that can track automobile movements. And few turn down supermarket loyalty cards. Privacy economist Alessandro Acquisti has run a series of tests that reveal people will surrender personal information like Social Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-off coupon (优惠劵) .

But privacy does matter——at least sometimes. It"s like health: When you have it you don"t notice it. Only when it"s gone do you wish you"d done more to protect it.

Why does the author list several cases that your information can be accessed without your permission? 查看材料

A.To introduce the topic.

B.To remind the importance of privacy.

C.To inform. what 21 st century is like.

D.To call for the action against the spread of website.

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第10题
根据以下材料,回答题Working mothersCarefully conducted researches that have followed the ch

根据以下材料,回答题

Working mothers

Carefully conducted researches that have followed the children of working mothers have not been able to show any long-term problems, compared with children whose mothers stayed at home.

My personal ___________ (51) is that mothers should be allowed to work if they wish. Whether we like it or not, there are a ___________ (52) of mothers who just have to work. There are those who have invested such a big part of their lives in establishing a career that they cannot ___________ (53) to see it lost. Then there are many who must work out of pure economic ___________ (54). Many mothers are not ___________ (55) out to be full-time parents. After a few months at home with a

much loved infant, they feel trapped and isolated.

There are a number of options when it ___________ (56) to choosing childcare. These range from child minders and nannies through to Granny or the kind lady ___________ (57) the street.

___________ (58), however, many parents don"t have any choice; they have to accept anything they can get. Be prepared! No ___________ (59) how good the childcare may be, some children are going to protest wildly if they are left. This is a ___________ (60) normal stage of child development. Babies separate well in the first six months, but soon after that they start to get a crush on Mum and close family ___________ (61). Make sure that in the first week you allow___________ (62) time to help your child settle in.

All children are different. Some are independent, while others are more ___________ (63) to their mothers. Remember that if you want to ___________ (64) the best for your children, it"s not the quantity of time you spend with them, it"s the ___________ (65) that matters.

回答(51)题 查看材料

A.view

B.idea

C.thought

D.decision

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