题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
According to the DNA analysis, most Neanderthals in Western Europe died out as early as
A．thousands of years ago.
B．10,000 years ago.
C．15,000 years ago.
D．50,000 years ago.
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更多“According to the DNA analysis,…”相关的问题
According to the first paragraph, we know centenarians will probably
A．receive a birthday card from the British queen.
B．be called to donate a sample of their DNA for study.
C．be asked to reveal the secret of their longevity.
D．participate in a competition to win big money.
A.a process in which people become older and older
B.a contest that can be seen
C.a long process of struggling
D.a fight between damaging DNA and preparing the damage
DNA Fingerprinting
？？ DNA isthe genetic material found within the cell nuclei of all living things. Inmammals the strands of DNA are grouped into structures called chromosomes. Withthe exception of identical sib- lings (as in identical twins) , the completeDNA of each individual is unique.
？？DNAfingerprinting is somet？？imes called DNA typing. It is a method of identificationthat compares bits of DNA. A DNA fingerprint is constructed by first drawingout a DNA sample from body tissue or fluid such as hair, blood, or saliva. Thesample is then segmented using enzymes, and the segments are arranged by size.The segments are marked with probes and exposed on X-ray film, where they forma pattern of black bars-the DNA fingerprint. If the DNA fingerprints producedfrom two differ- ent samples match, the two samples probably came from the sameperson.？？
？？DNAfingerprinting was first developed as all identification technique in 1985.Originally used to detect the presence of genetic diseases, it soon came to beused in criminal investigations and legal af- fairs. The first criminal convictionbased on DNA evidence in the United States occurred in 1988. In criminalinvestigations, DNA fingerprints derived from evidence collected at the crimescene are com- pared to the DNA fingerprints of suspects. Generally, courtshave accepted the reliability of DNA tes- ting and admitted DNA test resultsinto evidence. However, DNA fingerprinting is controversial in a number ofareas:the accuracy of the results, the cost of testing, and the possible misuseof the tech-nique.
？？ Theaccuracy of DNA fingerprinting has been challenged for several reasons. First？？,because DNA seg-ments rather than complete DNA strands are"fingerprinted": a DNA fingerprint may not be unique; large-scaleresearch to confirm the uniqueness of DNA fingerprinting test results has notbeen conducted. In addi-tion, DNA fingerprinting is often done in privatelaboratories that may not follow uniform. testing standards and qualitycontrols. Also, since human beings must interpret the test, human error couldlead to false re-sults.
？？ DNA fingerprinting is expen？？sive. Suspectswho are unable to provide their own DNA to experts may not be able tosuccessfully defend themselves against charges based on DNA evidence.
？？ Widespread use of DNA testing for identification purposes may lead tothe establishment of a DNA fingerprint database？？.？？
？？ According to the essay, we can findchromosomes ________？？
A.in a fish
B.in a tree
C.in a sheep
D.in a rock
It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal(fatherly)wisdom — or at least confirm that hes the kids dad. All he needs to do is shell out $30 for paternity testing kit(PTK)at his local drugstore — and another $120 to get the results.
More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become available without prescriptions last years, according to Doug Fogg, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests directly to the public, ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2,500.
Among the most popular: paternity and kinship testing, which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and families can use to track down kids put up for adoption, DNA testing is also the latest rage among passionate genealogists — and supports businesses that offer to search for a familys geographic roots.
Most tests require collecting cells by webbing saliva(唾液)in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.
But some observers are skeptical. "There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing," says Trey Duster, a New York University sociologist. He notes that each individual has many ancestors — numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage(世系), either the Y chromosome(染色体)inherited through men in a fathers line or mitochondrial(线粒体)DNA, which is passed down only from mothers. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.
Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. Databases used by some companies dont rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects. This means that a DNA database may have a lot of data from some regions and not others, so a persons test results may differ depending on the company that processes the results.
According to the passage, what is PTK used to？
A．locate one"s birth place.
B．promote genetic research.
C．find out if one is the father of a child.
D．help improve one"s intelligence.
Questions are based on the following passage.
It is a wise father that knows his own child， but today a man can boost his paternal （fatherly）wisdom —— or at least confirm that he"s the kid"s dad. All he needs to do is shell out $30 forpaternity testing kit （PTK） at his local drugstore —— and another $120 to get the results.
More than 60，000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become availablewithout prescriptions last years， according to Doug Fogg， chief operating officer ofIdentigene， which makes the over-the-counter kits. More than two dozen companies sell DNAtests directly to the public， ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2，500.
Among the most popular: paternity and kinship testing， which adopted children can useto find their biological relatives and families can use to track down kids put up for adoption，DNA testing is also the latest rage among passionate genealogists —— and supports businessesthat offer to search for a family"s geographic roots.
Most tests require collecting cells by webbing saliva （唾液） in the mouth and sending it tothe company for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.
But some observers are skeptical. "There is a kind of false precision being hawked bypeople claiming they are doing ancestry testing，" says Trey Duster， a New York Universitysociologist. He notes that each individual has many ancestors —— numbering in the hundredsjust a few centuries back. Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage （世系），either the Y chromosome （染色体） inherited through men in a father"s line or mitochondrial（线粒体） DNA， which is passed down only from mothers. This DNA can reveal geneticinformation about only one or two ancestors， even though， for example， just three generationsback people also have six other great-grandparents or， four generations back，14 other great-great-grandparents.
Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the referencecollections to which a sample is compared. Databases used by some companies don"t relyon data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different researchprojects. This means that a DNA database may have a lot of data from some regions and notothers， so a person"s test results may differ depending on the company that processes theresults.
According to the passage， what is PTK used to？ 查看材料
A.To locate one"s birth place.
B.To promote genetic research.
C.To find out if one is the father of a child.
D.To help improve one"s intelligence.
Cell Phone Lets Your Secret Out
Your cell phone holds secrets about you. Besides the names and ______【51】that you've programmed into it, traces of your DNA linger on the device, according to a new study.
DNA is genetic material that______【52】in every cell. Like your fingerprint, your DNA is unique to you______【53】you have an identical twin. Scientists today routinely analyze DNA in blood, saliva, or hair left______【54】at the scene of a crime. The results often help detectives identify______【55】and their victims. Your cell phone can reveal more about you . _____【56】you might think.
Method J. McFadden, a scientist at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, heard about a crime in which the suspect bled onto a cell phone and later dropped the______【57】. This made her wonder whether traces of DNA lingered on cell phones—even when no blood was involved.
______【58】she and colleague Margaret Wallace of the City University of New York analyzed the flip-open phones of 10 volunteers. They used swabs to collect______【59】traces of the users from two parts of the phone: the outside, where the user holds it, and the______【60】, which is placed at the user's ear.
The scientists scrubbed the phones using a solution made mostly______【61】alcohol. The aim of washing was to remove all detectable traces of DNA. The owners got their phones______【62】for another week. Then the researchers collected the phones and repeated the swabbing of each phone once more.
The scientists discovered DNA that ______【63】to the phone's speaker on each of the phones. Better samples were collected from the outside of each phone, but those swabs also picked up DNA that belonged to other people who had apparently also handled the phone. ______【64】, DNA showed up even in swabs that were taken immediately after the phones were scrubbed. That suggests that washing won't remove all traces of evidence from a criminal's device. So cell phones can now be added to the______【65】of clues that can clinch a crime-scene investigation.
(51)
A．numbers
B．music
C．secrets
D．films
根据下列文章，回答26～30题。
It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom—or at least confirm that he’s the kid’s dad. All he needs to do is shell out $30 for a paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore—and another $120 to get the results.
More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first became available without prescriptions last years, according to Doug Fogg, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the overthecounter kits. More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests directly to the public, ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2500.
Among the most popular : paternity and kinship testing , which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and families can use to track down kids put up for adoption. DNA testing is also the latest rage among passionate genealogists—and supports businesses that offer to search for a family’s geographic roots.
Most tests require collecting cells by swabbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA．
But some observers are skeptical, “There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,” says Trey Duster, a New York University sociologist. He notes that each individual has many ancestors—numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father’s line or mitochondrial DNA, which is passed down only from mothers. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other greatgrandparents or, four generations back, 14 other greatgreatgrandparents.
Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. Databases used by some companies don’t rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects. This means that a DNA database may have a lot of data from some regions and not others, so a person’s test results may differ depending on the company that processes the results. In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.
第 26 题 In paragraphs 1 and 2 , the text shows PTK’s
A．easy availability.
B．flexibility in pricing.
C．successful promotion.
D．popularity with households.
(1)Which statement is correct according to paragraph one？
A、Broccoli was first bred by Mendel
B、Broccoli wasn’t considered edible until 500 years ago
C、Mendel's work was considered most important in the history of genetics
D、Mendel’s study found its major application some 100 years ago
(2)What was cited as a result of the green revolution？
A、Sharp rise in worldwide wheat production
B、Extensive use of organic fertilizer
C、Large-scale adoption of genetic modification
D、Commercial success of genetically modified seeds.
(3)Which statement is true of GenBank according to the passage？
A、The number of gene sequences has doubled since its foundation
B、The commercial breeders are its main sponsors
C、It is a genetic sequence database
D、It was founded in 2004
(4)It can be learned from the passage that the significance of genetic modification is ______.
A、questioned by some critics
B、poorly conveyed to the public
C、appreciated by all breeders
D、fully understood only by scientists
(5)The word “novel” in paragraph three is closest in meaning to ______.
A、artificial
B、various
C、hybrid
D、new
【C1】
A．tossed off
B．tossed about
C．tossed aside
D．tossed down
根据下面材料，回答 26～30 题：
Pretty in pink: adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls’ lives. It is not that pink intrinsically bad, but it is a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fused girls’ identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls’ lives and interests.
Girls' attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it's not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What's more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children's marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem innately attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.
I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kids, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children's behaviour: wrong. Turns out, according to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing gimmick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s.
Trade publications counseled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a "third stepping stone" between infant wear and older kids' clothes. It was only after "toddler" became common shoppers' term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults, into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences – or invent them where they did not previously exist.
第 26 题 By saying "it is ... The rainbow"(line 3, Para 1), the author means pink _______.
[A]should not be the sole representation of girlhood
[B]should not be associated with girls' innocence
[C] cannot explain girls' lack of imagination
[D]cannot influence girls' lives and interests
