题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
What type of writing does this passage belong to？
A．Exposition.
B．Narration.
C．Argumentation.
D．Prose.
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更多“What type of writing does this…”相关的问题
听力原文： A book report is a discussion and evaluation of a book, usually as a school assignment. Book reports may be written or oral. In presenting a book report you should begin by giving the title, author, publisher, and year of the book's publication. Sometimes it is helpful to give a brief summary of the book to provide a clear idea of its content. (29)The most important part of the report, however, is your opinion of the book. For whom do you think the author is writing？ What do you think the author is trying to achieve？ How successful is the author, perhaps in comparison with other authors who wrote the same type of the book？ What are the book's strengths and weaknesses？ In answering these questions, you should provide some specific reasons for your position, including details and quotations from the book. (30) You might end the book report by stating your opinion of the whole value of the book. What you discuss in a book report (31) depends on the type of the book you are reviewing. For example, a report on a novel should include information on the plot, the setting, and the characters. It should also evaluate the novel's total effect or meaning. A report on a biography or a historical work should summarize the author's chief points of view. The report should then discuss how convincingly or fairly the author expresses these points of view.
(30)
A．The writing style. of the author.
B．The opinion of' the author.
C．The idea of the report writer.
D．The quotation from the book.
Section C
Directions: In this section,you will hear n passage three times.When the passage is read for the first time,you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time,you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 t0 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 t0 46 you are required to fill in the missing information.For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally,when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
In the humanities, authors write to inform. you in many ways. These methods can be (36) _________________into three types of informational writing: factual, descriptive, and process. Factual writing provides (37) __________ information on an author, composer or artist or on a type of music, literature, or art. Examples of factual writing include notes on a book jacket or (38) _____________cover and longer pieces, such as an article describing a style. of music which you might read in a music (39) ____________course. This kind of writing provides a (40) _____________for your study of the humanities.
As its name (41) ____________, descriptive writing simply describes or provides an (42)_____________ of, a piece of music, art or literature. For example, descriptive writing might list the colors an artist used in a painting or the (43) ______ a composer included in a musical composition, so as to make pictures of sounds in the readers’ mind by calling up specific details of the work. (44) __________________________________________________________________________________________.
Process writing explains a series of actions that bring about a result. (45) __________________________________________________________________________________. This kind of writing is often found in art, where understanding how an art has created a certain effect is important.
(46）_____________________________________________________________________.
How to approach Writing Test Part One
&8226;This part tests your ability to write a short report expressing information which you are given in graphic form, such as bar charts, pie charts and graphs.
&8226;Read the instructions carefully so that you know what you are required to do: this is usually to describe or compare the information in the graphic input. Underline the keywords in the instructions.
&8226;Make an outline plan of the report.
&8226;Start with a brief description of what the report is about.
&8226;You can use suitable headings if you wish.
&8226;Try to use a wide range of appropriate vocabulary and grammatical structures.
&8226;You should not invent any information for this part.
&8226;Check that you have written your answer in 120-140 words (multiply the number of lines by the average number of words per line: don't waste time counting every word).
&8226;After writing, read what you have written, correct mistakes and make improvements. If you want to add anything, use a sign, e.g. *. Put a line through anything you want to omit. You should not rewrite your answer.
&8226;Make sure the examiner will be able to read your answer. Use a pen and your normal handwriting (do not write in capital letters).
&8226;You should spend about 20-25 minutes on this part.
1. Question 1
&8226;The charts on the opposite page show responses to questions in a recent survey of 100 independent consultants, about their age, type of business activity and marketing tools.
？ Using the information from the graphs, write a short report describing the situation for independent consultants.
？ Write 120 - 140 words.
The reality is that writing is a lonely, private and poor-paying affair. For every writer kissed by fortune there are thousands more whose longing is never rewarded. When I left a 20-year career in the U.S. Coast Guard to become a freelance writer (自由撰稿者), I had no prospects at all. What I did have was a friend who found me my room in a New York apartment building. It didn’t even matter that it was cold and had no bathroom. I immediately bought a used manual type writer and felt like a genuine writer.
After a year or so, however, I still hadn’t gotten a break and began to doubt myself. It was so hard to sell a story that barely made enough to eat. But I knew I wanted to write. I had dreamed about it for years. I wasn’t going to be one of those people who die wondering, What if？ I would keep putting my dream to the test-even though it meant living with uncertainty and fear of failure. This is the Shadowland of hope, and anyone with a dream must learn to live there.
第56题：The passage is meant to ________.
A) warn young people of the hardships that a successful writer has to experience
B) advise young people to give up their idea of becoming a professional writer
C) show young people it’s unrealistic for a writer to pursue wealth and fame
D) encourage young people to pursue a writing career
The purpose of writing the article is ______.
A．to promote relations between employers and employees
B．to advise employers in understanding interviewees
C．to help one find out the type of job he can do best
D．to specify the kinds of positions one may apply for
A.It is a “slice-of-life” type of writing.
B.The story is told superficially by a naïve narrator.
C.It has distinctive features of a new writing style.
D.It explores the depth of mind of the characters.
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The Perfect Essay
A．Looking back on too many years of education， I can identify one truly impossible teacher．Shecared about me， and my intellectual life， even when I didn"t．Her expectations were high——impossibly so．She was an English teacher．She was also my mother．
B．When good students turn in an essay， they dream of their instructor returning it to them in exactly the same condition， save for a single word added in the margin of the final page : "Flawless．" This dream came true for me one afternoon in the ninth grade．Of course， I had heard that genius could show itself at an early age， so I was only slightly taken aback that I had achieved perfection at the tender age of 14．Obviously， I did what any professional writer would do; I hurried off to spread thegood news．I didn"t get very far．The first person I told was my mother．
C．My mother， who is just shy of five feet tall， is normally incredibly soft-spoken， but on the rareoccasion when she got angry， she was terrifying．I am not sure if she was more upset by my hubris（得意忘形） or by the fact that my English teacher had let my ego get so out of hand．In any event，my mother and her red pen showed me how deeply flawed a flawless essay could be．At the time，I am sure she thought she was teaching me about mechanics， transitions （过渡）， structure， style. and voice．But what I learned， and what stuck with me through my time teaching writing at Harvard， was a deeper lesson about the nature of creative criticism．
D．First off， it hurts．Genuine criticism， the type that leaves a lasting mark on you as a writer， also leaves an existential imprint （印记） on you as a person．I have heard people say that a writer should never take criticism personally．I say that we should never listen to these people．
E．Criticism， at its best， is deeply personal， and gets to the heart of why we write the way we do．Theintimate nature of genuine criticism implies something about who is able to give it， namely，someone who knows you well enough to show you how your mental life is getting in the way of good writing．Conveniently， they are also the people who care enough to see you through this painful realization．For me it took the form. of my first， and I hope only， encounter with writer"sblock——I was not able to produce anything for three years．
F．Franz Kafka once said: "Writing is utter solitude （独处）， the descent into the cold abyss （深渊） of oneself．" My mother"s criticism had shown me that Kafka is right about the cold abyss， and when you make the introspective （内省的） descent that writing requires you are not always pleased by what you find．But， in the years that followed， her sustained tutoring suggested that Kafka might be wrong about the solitude．I was lucky enough to find a critic and teacher who was willing to make the journey of writing with me．"It is a thing of no great difficulty，" according to Plutarch， "to raise objections against another man"s speech， it is a very easy matter; but to produce a better in its place is a work extremely troublesome．" I am sure I wrote essays in the later years of high school without my mother"s guidance， but I can"t recall them．What I remember， however， is how she took up the "extremely troublesome" work of ongoing criticism．
G．There are two ways to interpret Plutarch when he suggests that a critic should be able to produce "a better in its place．" In a straightforward sense， he could mean that a critic must be more talented than the artist she critiques （评论）．My mother was well covered on this count．But perhaps
Plutarch is suggesting something slightly different， something a bit closer to Marcus Cicero"s claim that one should "criticize by creation， not by finding fault．" Genuine criticism creates a precious opening for an author to become better on his own terms——a process that is often extremely painful，but also almost always meaningful．
H．My mother said she would help me with my writing， but first I had to help myself．For each assignment， I was to write the best essay I could．Real criticism is not meant to find obvious mistakes， so if she found any——the type I could have found on my own——I had to start from scratch．From scratch．Once the essay was "flawless，" she would take an evening to walk me through myerrors．That was when true criticism， the type that changed me as a person， began．
I．She criticized me when I included little-known references and professional jargon （行话）．She had no patience for brilliant but irrelevant figures of speech．"Writers can"t bluff （虚张声势） their way through ignorance．" That was news to me——I would need to freed another way to structure my daily existence．
J．She trimmed back my flowery language， drew lines through my exclamation marks and argued for the value of restraint in expression．"John，" she almost whispered．I leaned in to hear her:"I can"thear you when you shout at me．" So I stopped shouting and bluffing， and slowly my writingimproved．
K．Somewhere along the way I set aside my hopes of writing that flawless essay．But perhaps I missed something important in my mother"s lessons about creativity and perfection．Perhaps the point of writing the flawless essay was not to give up， but to never willingly finish．Whitman repeatedly reworked "Song of Myself" between 1855 and 1891．Repeatedly．We do our absolute best with apiece of writing， and come as close as we can to the ideal．And， for the time being， we settle．Incritique， however， we are forced to depart， to give up the perfection we thought we had achieved for the chance of being even a little bit better．This is the lesson I took from my mother: If perfection were possible， it would not be motivating．
The author was advised against the improper use of figures of speech．
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ThePerfect Essay
A) Looking back on too many yearsof education, I can identify one truly impossible teacher. She cared about me,and my intellectual life, even when I didn’t. Her expectations were highimpossibly so. She was an English teacher. She was also my mother.
B) When good students turn in anessay, they dream of their instructor returning it to them in exactly the samecondition, save for a single word added in the margin of the final page:”Flawless.” This dream came true for me one afternoon in the ninth grade. Ofcourse, I had heard that genius could show itself at an early age, so I wasonly slightly taken aback that I had achieved perfection at the tender age of14. Obviously, I did what any professional writer would do; I hurried off tospread the good news. I didn’t get very far. The first person I told was mymother.
C) My mother, who is just shy offive feet tall, is normally incredibly soft-spoken, but on the rare occasionwhen she got angry, she was terrifying. I am not sure if she was more upset bymy hubris(得意忘形) or by the fact that my Englishteacher had let my ego get so out of hand. In any event, my mother and her redpen showed me how deeply flawed a flawless essay could be. At the time, I amsure she thought she was teaching me about mechanics, transitions(过渡), structure, style. and voice. But what I learned, and what stuckwith me through my time teaching writing at Harvard, was a deeper lesson aboutthe nature of creative criticism.
D) Fist off, it hurts. Genuinecriticism, the type that leaves a lasting mark on you as a writer, also leavesan existential imprint(印记) on you asa person. I have heard people say that a writer should never take criticismpersonally. I say that we should never listen to these people.
E) Criticism, at its best, isdeeply personal, and gets to the heart of why we write the way we do. Theintimate nature of genuine criticism implies something about who is able togive it, namely, someone who knows you well enough to show you how your mentallife is getting in the way of good writing. Conveniently, they are also thepeople who care enough to see you through this painful realization. For me ittook the form. of my first, and I hope only, encounter with writer’s block—I wasnot able to produce anything for three years.
F) Franz Kafka once said:” Writingis utter solitude(独处), the descentinto the cold abyss(深渊) ofoneself. “My mother’s criticism had shown me that Kafka is right about the coldabyss, and when you make the introspective (内省的) decent that writing requires you are out always pleased by whatyou find.” But, in the years that followed, her sustained tutoring suggestedthat Kafka might be wrong about the solitude. I was lucky enough to find acritic and teacher who was willing to make the journey of writing with me. “Itis a thing of no great difficulty,” according to Plutarch, “to raise objectionsagainst another man’s speech, it is a very easy matter; but to produce a betterin its place is a work extremely troublesome.” I am sure I wrote essays in thelater years of high school without my mother’s guidance, but I can’t recallthem. What I remember, however, is how we took up the “extremely troublesome”work of ongoing criticism.
G) There are two ways to interpretPlutarch when he suggests that a critic should be able to produce “a better inits place.” In a straightforward sense, he could mean that a critic must bemore talented than the artist she critiques(评论). My mother was well covered on this count. But perhaps Plutarch issuggesting something slightly different, something a bit closer to MarcusCicero’s claim that one should “criticize by creation, not by finding fault.”Genuine criticism creates a precious opening for an author to become better onthis own terms—a process that is often extremely painful, but also almostalways meaningful.
H) My mother said she would helpme with my writing, but fist I had myself. For each assignment, I was write thebest essay I could. Real criticism is not meant to find obvious mistakes, so ifshe found any—the type I could have found on my own—I had to start fromscratch. From scratch. Once the essay was “flawless,” she would take an eveningto walk me through my errors. That was when true criticism, the type thatchanged me as a person, began.
I) She criticized me when Iincluded little-known references and professional jargon(行话). She had no patience for brilliant but irrelevant figures ofspeech. “Writers can’t bluff(虚张声势) theirway through ignorance.” That was news to me—I would need to find another way tostructure my daily existence.
J) She trimmed back my flowerylanguage, drew lines through my exclamation marks and argued for the value ofrestraint in expression. “John,” she almost whispered. I learned in to hearher:”I can’t hear you when you shout at me.” So I stopped shouting andbluffing, and slowly my writing improved.
K) Somewhere along the way I setaside my hopes of writing that flawless essay. But perhaps I missed somethingimportant in my mother’s lessons about creativity and perfection. Perhaps thepoint of writing the flawless essay was not to give up, but to never willinglyfinish. Whitman repeatedly reworded “Song of Myself” between 1855 and 1891.Repeatedly. We do our absolute best wiry a piece of writing, and come as closeas we can to the ideal. And, for the time being, we settle. In critique,however, we are forced to depart, to give up the perfection we thought we hadachieved for the chance of being even a little bit better. This is the lesson Itook from my mother. If perfection were possible, it would not be motivating.
46. The author was advised against theimproper use of figures of speech.
47. The author’s mother taught him avaluable lesson by pointing out lots of flaws in his seemingly perfect essay.
48. A writer should polish his writingrepeatedly so as to get closer to perfection.
49. Writers may experience periods of timein their life when they just can’t produce anything.
50. The author was not much surprised whenhis school teacher marked his essay as “flawless”.
51. Criticizing someone’s speech is said tobe easier than coming up with a better one.
52. The author looks upon his mother as hismost demanding and caring instructor.
53. The criticism the author received fromhis mother changed him as a person.
54. The author gradually improved hiswriting by avoiding fact language.
55. Constructive criticism gives an authora good start to improve his writing.
These is a new type of advertisement becoming increasingly common in newspaper 【C1】______ columns. It is sometimes placed among "situations vacant", although it doesn't offer anyone job, and sometimes it appears "situations wanted", although it is not placed by someone looking for a job either. What it does is to offer help 【C2】______ applying for a job. " 【C3】______ us before writing your application", or "Make use of our long experience in preparing your curriculum vitae(工作简历) or job history", is how it is usually expressed. The growth and apparent success of such a specialized service is, of course, a reflection on the current high levels of unemployment. It is also an 【C4】______ of the growing importance of the curriculum vitae (or job history), with the suggestion that it may now qualify as an art form. in its own right.
There was a time when job seeker simply wrote letters of application. "Just 【C5】______ your name, address, age and whether you have passed any exams", was about the average level of advice offered to young people applying for their first jobs when I left school. The letter was really just for openers, it was explained, everything else could and 【C6】______ saved for the interview. And in those days of full employment the technique worked. The letter proved that you could write and were available for work. Your eager face and intelligent replies did the rest.
Later, as you moved up the ladder, something slightly more sophisticated was 【C7】______ The advice then was to put something in the letter which would distinguish you from the rest. It might be the 【C8】______ approach. "Your search is over. I am the person you are looking for." was a widely used trick that 【C9】______ succeeded. Or it might be some special feature specially designed for the job in view.
There is no doubt, however, that it is the increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff 【C10】______ has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae.
【C1】______
A．classifying
B．classified
C．classification
D．classificated
听力原文： Graffiti is drawing or writing often found in a wall in public places, These drawings and writings are usually rude, humorous, or political. The words "graffiti" comes from an Italian word meaning address. Graffiti provides a record of the past because people have written on wails for centuries. Cave drawings are the earliest examples we have of the art of graffiti.
Writing on wails is a way to comment on the world we live in. Women's liberation groups in Britain, for example, have used graffiti to show their anger at the sex discrimination of many advertisements where women's bodies are used to sell goods.
Yesterday's graffiti can be today's foreign attraction. When the Berlin wall came down in 1989, people found that it was covered with graffiti from all over the world. Graves of famous people, like rock-star Jim Morrison, are covered with written messages from fans.
Graffiti is also a popular art form. Graffiti pictures have gained respect in artistic circles. Today, graffiti is likely to be found hanging inside modem New York apartments as well as in downtown streets. In New York, graffiti pictures have been sold for hundreds or thousands of dollars. Graffiti artists have been paid to use their art to brighten up dull environments.
But graffiti can bring us trouble. Scenes of natural beauty and important landmarks have been spoiled by mindless graffiti. The London underground authority has spent about 2 million pounds a year on removing graffiti from trains and stations. If you are caught doing it, you can be sent to prison. In Britain, the maximum sentence for this type of crime is ten years.
Whether you think graffiti is mindless violence against property, or a living art form, its popularity suggests that it is here to stay.
What do women's liberation groups in Britain do with graffiti？
A．Rally support for their movement.
B．Liberate women from tedious housework.
C．Claim their rights to equal job opportunities.
D．Express their anger against sex discrimination.
