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4：For the middlemen, which of the following is NOT true？A.They refer to truck drivers, mea

4：For the middlemen, which of the following is NOT true？

A.They refer to truck drivers, meat packers, manufacturers of packages and other food containers, and the owners of stores where food is sold.

B.Their profit is lower than supposed.

C.They stand between the farmers and the people who buy and eat the food.

D.They make the same profit as the farmers.

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第1题

For the middlemen, which of the following is NOT true？A．They refer to truck drivers, meat

For the middlemen, which of the following is NOT true？

A．They refer to truck drivers, meat packers, manufacturers of packages and other food containers, and the owners of stores where food is sold.

B．Their profit is lower than supposed.

C．They stand between the farmers and the people who buy and eat the food.

D．They make the same profit as the farmers.

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第2题

In 1959 the average American family paid $ 989 for a year' s supply of food. In 1972 the f

amily paid $ 1, 311. That was a price increase of nearly one third. Every family has had this sort of experience. Everyone a-grees that the cost of feeding a family has risen sharply. But there is less agreement when reasons for the rise are being discussed. Who is really responsible？

Many blame the farmers who produce the vegetables, fruit, meat, eggs, and cheese mat are stored for sale. According to the U. S. Department of Agriculture, the farmer' s share of the $ 1, 311 spent by the family in 1972 was $ 521. This was thirty-one percent more than the farmer had received in 1959. But farmers claim that this increase was very small compared to the increase in their cost of living. Fanners tend to blame others for the sharp rise in food prices. They particularly blame those who process the farm products after the products leave the farm. These include truck drivers, meat packers, manufacturers of packages and other food containers, and the owners of stores where food is sold. They are among the " middlemen" who stand between the farmer and the people who buy and eat the food. Are middlemen the ones to blame for rising food prices？

Of the $ 1, 311 family food bill in 1972, middlemen received $ 790, which was thirty-three percent more than they had received in 1959. It appears that the middlemen' s profit has increased more than the farmer' s. But some e-conomists claim that the middlemen' s actual profit was very low. According to economists at the First National City Bank, the profit for meat packers and food stores amounted to less than one percent. During the same period all other manufacturers were making a profit of more than five percent. By comparison with other members of the economic system, both farmers and middlemen have profited surprisingly little from the rise in food prices.

Who then is actually responsible for the size of the bill a housewife must pay before she carries the food from the store？ The economists at First National City Bank have an answer to give housewives, but many people will not like it. These economists blame the housewife herself for the jump in food prices. They say that food costs more now because women don't want to spend much time in the kitchen. Women prefer to buy food which has already been prepared before it reaches the market.

What is the main topic of this passage？

A．Food supply.

B．Profit earned by farmers, middlemen, and housewives.

C．Reasons for the food price increase.

D．Economists' attitudes.

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第3题

Financial intermediaries are institutions______.A．that borrow funds from investors in prod

Financial intermediaries are institutions______.

A．that borrow funds from investors in productive facilities

B．that act as middlemen in transferring funds from ultimate lenders to ultimate borrowers

C．that lend funds to small savers

D．all of the above

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第4题

Which of the following is true of QL2 according to the author？A．It is criticized for doing

Which of the following is true of QL2 according to the author？

A．It is criticized for doing business in a primitive way.

B．It aims to deal with hyperinflation in some countries.

C．It helps get rid of middlemen in trade and exchange.

D．It is intended to evaluate the performance of trading partners.

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第5题

What does Fair Trade do？ A) It helps farmers sell their products for a higher prof

What does Fair Trade do？

A) It helps farmers sell their products for a higher profit.

B) It appoints brokers and middlemen to deal with farmer cooperatives.

C) It brings down the price of farmers’ goods.

D) It sets up schools and health clinics for American farmers.

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第6题

A Nor have the middlemenB to increase the prices for foodC that they cannot agree on the c

A Nor have the middlemen

B to increase the prices for food

C that they cannot agree on the causes of the increase in prices

D to agree on the reasons for the increase

E by buying prepared food

F the popularization of convenience food

Many people agree that food prices have increased sharply but they have failed ______.

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第7题

The simplest way to 【C1】______ a foreign market is through exporting. The company may pass

ively export its surpluses from time to time, or it may actively make a commitment to 【C2】______ exports to a particular market. In either case, the company produces all its goods in the home country. It may or may not modify them for the export market. Exporting 【C3】______ the least change in the company's product lines, organization, investments, and mission.

A company can export its product in two ways. It can hire independent international 【C4】______ middlemen (indirect exporting) or handle its own exporting (direct exporting).

Indirect exporting is more common in companies just 【C5】______ to export. First, it involves less investment. The firm does not have to have an overseas sales force or a set of contacts. Second, it involves less risk. International marketing middlemen—domestic-based export merchants or agents, or 【C6】______ organizations--bring know-how and services to the relationship, and the seller normally makes fewer mistakes.

Sellers approached by foreign buyers are likely to use direct exporting. So will sellers whose exporters 【C7】______ large enough to do their own exporting. The investment and risk are somewhat greater, but so is the potential return.

The company can carry on direct exporting in several ways. First, it can set up a domestic 【C8】______ department that 【C9】______ export activities. Or it can set up an overseas sales branch that handles sales, distribution, and perhaps promotion. The sales branch gives the seller more presence and program control in the foreign market. It often 【C10】______ a display center and customer service center. Or the company can send home-based sales representatives abroad at certain times to find business. Finally, the company can do its exporting through foreign-based distributors who buy and own the goods, or through foreign-based agents who sell the goods on behalf of the company.

【C1】______

A．enter into

B．enter on

C．enter up

D．enter

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第8题

BrandsThe word brand is a comprehensive term that encompasses other narrower terms. A bran

Brands

The word brand is a comprehensive term that encompasses other narrower terms. A brand is a name, term, symbol, and/or special design that is intended to identify the goods or services of one seller or group of sellers. A brand differentiates one seller's products from those of competitors. A brand name consists of words, letters, and/or numbers that can be vocalized. A brand mark is the part of the brand that appears in the form. of a symbol, design, or distinctive coloring or lettering. It is recognized by sight but may not be expressed when a person, pronounces the brand name.

A trademark is a brand that is given legal protection because, under the law, it has been appropriated by one seller. Thus trademark is essentially a legal term. All trademarks are brands and thus include the words, letters, or numbers that can be pronounced. They may also include a pictorial design, Some people erroneously believe that the trademark is only the pictorial part of the brand.

One major method of classifying brands is on the basis of who owns them — producers or middlemen. Sunbeam, Florsheim, Spalding (athletic products), and Sara Lee are producers' brands, while Allstate, Shurfine, Sysco, Craftsman, and Penncrest are middlemen's brands.

The terms national and private have been used to describe producer and middleman brand ownership, respectively. However, marketing people prefer the producer-middleman terminology. To say that the brand of poultry feed marketed in three states by a small Birmingham, Alabama, manufacturer is a national brand, whereas the brands of Penney's or Sears are private brands, stretches the meaning of the terms national and private.

"Brand" is a general term which covers narrower terms such as "brand name", "brand mark", and "trademark."

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

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第9题

A Red Clause Documentary Credit is a Documentary Credit with a special condition incorpora

ted into it that authorizes the Confirming Bank or any other Nominated Bank to make advances to the Beneficiary before presentation of the documents.

The clause is incorporated at the specific request of the Applicant, and the wording is de- pendent upon his requirements. The Red Clause Documentary Credit is so called because the clause was originally written in red ink to draw attention to the unique nature of this Documentary Credit. The clause specifies the amount of the advance authorized, which, in some in- stances, may be for the full amount of the Documentary Credit.

The Red Clause Documentary Credit is often used as a method of providing the seller with funds prior to shipment. Therefore, it is of value to middlemen and dealers in areas of commerce that require to a form. of pre - financing and when a buyer would be willing to make special concessions of this nature.

For example, it could be used by a wool importer in England to enable a wool shipper in Australia to obtain funds to pay the actual suppliers (either by direct purchase or through the wool auctions) by obtaining a loan from the Australian bank, either on an unsecured basis or against the security of interim documents. This would enable repayment of the loan, plus interest, from the proceeds due to the Australian Beneficiary when the wool was shipped and documents were presented in accordance with the terms of the Documentary Credit. If, however, the Beneficiary failed to ship the wool so as to repay the loan by presenting documents called for by the Documentary Credit, the Australian bank would have the right to demand repayment, with interest, from the Issuing Bank and that bank would have a similar right of recourse against the Applicant.

This kind of arrangement places the onus of final repayment on the applicant, who would be liable for repayment of the advances if the Beneficiary failed to present the documents called for under the Documentary Credit, and who would also be liable for all costs--such as interest or foreign exchange hedging-- incurred by the Issuing Bank, the Confirming Bank, if any, or any other Nominated Bank.

What does a Red Clause Documentary Credit mean？

A．It is a kind of Documentary Credit with a special condition incorporated into it that authorizes the Confirming Bank to make loans to the sellers prior to shipment.

B．It is a Documentary Credit without recourse as a "Confirming Bank" to the Issuing Bank, which clearly did not request or authorizes the bank to "add its confirmation".

C．It is a Documentary Credit with a special condition incorporate into it that authorizes the Confirming Bank or any other Nominated Bank to provide the Beneficiary with funds before presentation of the documents.

D．It is a Documentary Credit that may provide for automatic reinstatement immediately upon presentation of the specified documents.

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第10题

？Look at the statements below and at the five articles that follow.？Which （A, B, C, D or E

？Look at the statements below and at the five articles that follow.

？Which (A, B, C, D or E) does each statement 1-8 refer to？

？For each statement 1-8, mark one letter (A, B, C, D or E) on your Answer Sheet.

？You will need to use some of these letters more than once.

Currently, economic activity in China remains controlled by a government that often bases its decisions upon rules that are not published, and when the rules are published, they are often vague and unclear to the public and overseas businesses. Appeals are made all the more difficult with no public basis for the initial decisions. The WTO requirements of transparency and justice will help rein in this ability of the Chinese state to make arbitrary decisions over economic business activities and economic life.

By requiring the clear publication of quotas and tariff rates-by making them more transparent and public-the arbitrary discretion of local officials to determine whether and at what price a local enterprise can import a foreign product that might be an essential input to goods or service will be taken away. In doing so, this agreement not only promotes economic efficiency for American exporters, it also undercuts arbitrary control and builds up the ability of local entrepreneurs to freely contract with foreign importers based not on party connections but on what makes economic sense. Economic freedom and economic efficiency gain together.

The same can be said for the free movement of goods. Currently, anybody who does business in China will refer to distribution as, at best, an enormous headache. The Chinese state controls virtually every aspect of the movement of goods, whether goods can be imported at all, the terms under which it enters, who can bring it in, and who can distribute, sell and service it. Importing and exporting, and distribution rights are privileges granted by the Chinese government to only to a few.

China's WTO commitments in these areas are quite significant. The agreement turns these scarcely allotted privileges into rights that will be widely available to both Chinese and foreign businesses. China has agreed that in 3 years, all individuals and entities in China will be able to import most products into any part of China, and that foreign firms will be able to establish, own and operate their own distribution and related services. It will certainly help promote and enhance the economic activities and people all over the world would enjoy the freedom of businesses.

Again, however, the benefits go beyond economic efficiency. Every time the multiple areas in which people must seek permission from the government for distribution or trading are reduced, the potential for a greater number of business transactions between Chinese entrepreneurs and American entrepreneurs is increased. As the weight of the state on everyday transactions becomes lighter, layers of middlemen are eliminated, and more and more Chinese salesmen, repairmen, and consumers will come into direct and daily contact with each other and with foreign firms.

The agreement can help us to do business more smoothly and freely with the purpose of gaining more freedom and economic efficiency.

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