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For centuries Dutch engineers have been fighting a war against water. Their main enemy is

the sea. A large part of the country is below sea level. In fact, Holland is also called the "Netherlands," which means "low lands. " Very tall and strong walls, called dykes, have been built to keep out the sea. But in very rough weather the sea may suddenly burst through a dyke, great damage can be caused by floods when this happens. Three large rivers are also part of the problem. These rivers are the Rhine, the Maas and the Scheldt. They flow through Holland into the North Sea. They have cut many passages across the country. At low tide, the rivers flow into the sea as usual. But at high tide the sea can flow into the rivers. This is because the land is so low. The battles against water never end, but they have made Holland a bigger and better country. In order to prevent floods, the engineers take, or reclaim (开垦，改造) land that was under water. The Dutch have been reclaiming land for seven hundred years. Land is usually reclaimed from a passage between two islands. Two dykes are built across the passage, so they block the water between them. Then the engineers dig long canals and pump the water into them. At low tide, the canals empty the water into the sea. Because the land is so low, water from the sea and rivers can rise up through the ground. For this reason, the pumps continue working even when the land has been drained (that is, when the water has been pumped away). The dykes contain gates, and through these the water is pumped out. In many parts of Holland, pumps must be working all the time. If they stopped, there would be very bad floods. A piece of reclaimed land is called a polder (新辟的低地), and Holland has thousands of polders. Some are very large, but others are quite small. There are farms on many of the polders. Corn and other crops grow well on the drained land, and it gives good grass for cattle. Many small towns and villages stand on polders. Even Amsterdams great airport, Schiphol, was built on reclaimed land. This land used to be under the old Lake Haarlem.

Which of the following can be chosen as the best title of this passage？

A．The Dykes in the Netherlands.

B．The Three Large Rivers in Holland.

C．The Fighting Against Water in Holland.

D．The Reclaiming of Land in the Netherlands.

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更多“For centuries Dutch engineers …”相关的问题
第1题
Dutch treat is a late-nineteenth-century term, and it originally refers to a dinner where
everyone is expected to pay for his own share of the food and drink. If people go "Dutch treat", or simply "go Dutch", it means that they will share the expenses of a social engagement.

There are many other "Dutch" expressions in English, many of which were invented in Britain in the seventeenth century, when the Dutch and the English were commercial and military rivals. The British used "Dutch" to refer to something bad, cheap and sham. A "Dutch bar- gain" at that time was an uneven, one-sided deal; "Dutch reckoning" was an unitemized account; and "Dutch widow" was slang for prostitute. Later centuries brought in "Dutch courage", for bravery induced by drink; "Dutch concert", for discordant music; "Dutch nightingale", meaning a frog; and "double Dutch", for incomprehensible language, or unintelligible talk.

Some of the expressions are still in use today, but some are not. In fact, in American English, some "Dutch" expressions have nothing to do with the Dutch, but something with the Ger- man. It was probably because of the similar spelling and pronunciation that people made a mistake in distinguishing between "Dutch" and "Deutsch" (the German word for German), when German immigrants came to America in the 1700s. For instance, "the Pennsylvania Dutch" refers to the German descendants, instead of the Dutch descendants, living in Pennsylvania.

If someone invites you to dinner and says "let's go Dutch", he means ______.

A．that he'll invite you to a Dutch restaurant.

B．That he'll buy your dinner.

C．That you'll buy his dinner.

D．That you are expected to pay your own meal.

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第2题
Powering a City？ It's a Breeze.The graceful wooden windmills that have broken up the flat

Powering a City？ It's a Breeze.

The graceful wooden windmills that have broken up the flat Dutch landscape for centuries -- a national symbol like wooden shoes and tulips -- yielded long ago to ungainly metal-pole turbines.

Now, windmills are breaking into a new frontier. Though still in its teething stages, the "urban turbine" is a high-tech windmill designed to generate energy from the rooftops of busy cities. Lighter, quieter, and often more efficient than rural counterparts, they take advantage of the extreme turbulence and rapid shifts in direction that characterize urban wind patterns.

Prototypes have been successfully tested in several Dutch cities, and the city government in the Hague has recently agreed to begin a large-scale deployment in 2003. Current models cost US ＄8,000 to US ＄12,000 and can generate between 3,000 and 7,000 kilowatt hours of electricity per year. A typical Dutch household uses 3,500 kilowatt hours per year, while in the United States, this figure jumps to around 10,000 kilowatt hours.

But so far, they are being designed more for public or commercial buildings than for private homes. The smallest of the current models weigh roughly 200 kilograms and can be installed on a roof in a few hours without using a crane.

Germany, Finland and Denmark have also been experimenting with the technology, but the ever-practical Dutch are natural pioneers in urban wind power mainly because of the lack of space. The Netherlands, with 16 million people crowded into a country twice the size of Slovenia, is the most densely populated in Europe.

Problems remain, however, for example, public safety concerns, and so strict standards should be applied to any potential manufacturers. Vibrations are the main problem in skyscraper-high turbine. People don't know what it would be like to work there, in an office next to one of the big turbines. It might be too hectic.

Meanwhile, projects are under way to use minimills to generate power for lifeboats, streetlights, and portable generators. "I think the thing about wind power is that you can use it in a whole range of situations," said Corin Millais, of the European Wind Energy Association. "It's a very local technology, and you can use it right in your backyard. I don't think anybody wants a nuclear power plant in their backyard."

What are the symbols of the Netherlands according to the first paragraph？

A．The flat landscape.

B．Wooden shoes and wooden windmills.

C．Metal-pole turbines.

D．Both A and B.

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第3题
When some 19th-century. New Yorkers said" Harlem", they meant almost all of Manhattan abov
e Eighty-sixth Street. Toward the end of the century, however, a group of citizens in upper Manhattan — wanting, perhaps, to shape a closer and more precise sense of community — designated a section that they wished to be known as Harlem. The chosen area was the Harlem to which Blacks were moving in the first decades of the new century as they left their old settlements on the middle and lower blocks of the West Side.

As the community became predominantly Black, the very word "Harlem" seemed to lose its old meaning. At times, it was easy to forget that "Harlem" was originally the Dutch name "Harrlem", that the community it described had been founded by people from Holland; and that for most cites three centuries — it was first settled in the sixteen hundred it had been occupied by White New Yorkers. "Harlem" became synonymous with Black life and Black style. in Manhattan. Blacks living there used the word as though they had coined it themselves — not only to designate their area of residence but to express their sense of the various of its life and atmosphere. As the years passed, "Harlem" assumed an even larger meaning. In the words of Adam Clayton Powell, the pastor of the Abyssinian Baptist Church, Harlem "became the symbol of liberty and the promised land to the Negroes. Everywhere".

By 1919, Harlem's population had grown by several thousand. It had received its share of wartime migration from the South, the Caribbean, and parts of colonial Africa. Some of the new arrivals merely lived in Harlem. It was New York they had come to, looking for jobs and for all the other legendary opportunities of life in the city. To others who migrated to Harlem, New York was merely the city in which they found themselves; Harlem was exactly where they wished to be.

What is the main subject of the passage？

A．The migration of the blacks to Harlem.

B．The origin of the word "Harlem".

C．Harlem, the symbol for liberty and promised land to the Blacks.

D．The history of black Harlem.

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第4题
When some nineteenth-century New Yorkers said "Harlem", they meant almost all of Manhattan
above Eighty-sixth Street. Toward the end of the century, however, a group of citizens in upper Manhattan—wanting, perhaps, to shape a closer and more precise sense of community—designated a section that they wished to have known as Harlem. The chosen area was the Harlem to which Blacks were moving the first decades of the new century as they left their old settlements on the middle and lower blocks of the West Side. As the community became predominantly Black, the very word "Harlem" seemed to lose its old meaning. At times, it was easy to forget that "Harlem" was originally the Dutch name "Harlem", that the community it described had been founded by people from Holland; and that for most of its three centuries—it was first settled in the sixteen hundreds—it had been occupied by White New Yorkers. "Harlem" became synonymous with Black life and Black style. in Manhattan. Blacks living there used the word as though they had coined it themselves—not only to designate their area of residence but to express their sense of the various qualities of its life and atmosphere. As the years passed, "Harlem" assumed an even larger meaning. In the words of Sr. Adam Clayton Powell, the pastor of the Abyssinian Baptist Church, Harlem "became the symbol of liberty and the Promised Land to the Negroes everywhere". By 1919 Harlems population had grown by several thousand. It had received its share of wartime migration from the South, the Caribbean, and parts of colonial Africa. Some of the new arrivals merely lived in Harlem: it was New York they had come to, looking for jobs and for all the other legendary opportunities of life in the city. To others who migrated to Harlem, New York was merely the city in which they found themselves: Harlem was exactly where they wished to be. Question: What does the passage mainly discuss？

A．The origin of the word "Harlem".

B．Migration during the First World War.

C．The history of Black Harlem.

D．Manhattan"s diverse neighborhoods.

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第5题
Slavery has played a significant role in the history of the U. S. It existed in all the En
glish mainland colonies and most of the Founding Fathers also had slaves, as did eight of the first 12 presidents.

Dutch traders brought 20 Africans to Jamestown, Virginia, as early as 1619, however, throughout the 17 th century the number of Africans in the English mainland colonies grew very slowly. At that time, colonists used two other sources of unfree labor: Native American slaves and European indentured servants.

During those years, every colony had some Native American slaves, but their number was limited. Indian men avoided performing agricultural labor, because they viewed it as women' s work, and colonists complained that they were too "haughty". The more important was that the settlers found it more convenient to sell Native Americans captured in war to planters in the Caribbean than to turn them into slaves, because they often resisted and it was not hard for the slaves to escape. Later, the policy of killing Indians or driving them away from white settlements was proposed and it contradicted with their widespread employment as slaves.

The other form. of labor was the white indentured servitude. Most indentured servants consisted of poor Europeans. Desiring to escape tough conditions in Europe and take advantage of fabled opportunities in America, they traded three to seven years of their labor in exchange for the transatlantic passage. At first, it was mainly English who were the white indentured servitude but later increasingly Irish, Welsh, and German joined. They were essentially temporary slaves and most of them served as agricultural workers although some, especially in the North, were taught skilled trades. During the 17th century, they performed most of heavy labor in the Southern colonies and also consisted of the bulk of immigrants to those colonies.

At the end of the 17 th century, in order to meet the labor need, landowners in America turned to African slaves. During the late 17th and 18th centuries, thanks to the dominant position of England in terms of naval superiority, English traders (some of whom lived in English America) transported millions of Africans across the Atlantic. And the transatlantic slave trade produced one of the largest forced migrations in history, blacks (the great majority of whom were slaves) increasing from about 7 percent of the American population in 1680 to more than 40 percent by the middle of the 18th century.

Which of the following was true of the slavery in America？

A．The colonists sold African Americans to planters in the Caribbean.

B．Native American slaves performed agricultural labor.

C．During the 17th century, the white indentured servitude was the main labor in the Southern colonies.

D．It was at the end of the 17th century that African people began to be brought to America.

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第6题
荷兰病（Dutch disease)

荷兰病(Dutch disease)

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第7题
Netherlands leads in the urban turbine technology because___________． A. the Dutch are na

Netherlands leads in the urban turbine technology because___________．

A. the Dutch are natural pioneers

B. the Dutch have a tradition with windmills

C. the Netherlands is windier than Germany，Finland and Slovenia

D. the Netherlands is a small country with a large population

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第8题
A．A French chemist and bacteriologist.B．A Dutch astronomer, mathematician, and physici

A．A French chemist and bacteriologist.

B．A Dutch astronomer, mathematician, and physicist.

C．A British mathematician and philosopher.

D．A Dutch chemist and philosopher.

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第9题
It was the Dutch who brought the stories of Saint Nicholas to America.A．YB．NC．NG

It was the Dutch who brought the stories of Saint Nicholas to America.

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

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第10题
Netherlands leads in the urban turbine technology becauseA．the Dutch are natural pioneers.

Netherlands leads in the urban turbine technology because

A．the Dutch are natural pioneers.

B．the Dutch have a tradition with windmills.

C．the Netherlands is windier than Germany, Finland and Slovenia.

D．the Netherlands is a small country with a large population.

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