题目内容
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Failing memory ______ (使人很难回想起) all the basic kinds of information we take for granted.
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Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don’t pay attention to what you did because you’re involved in a conversation, you’ll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in you wardrobe (衣柜). “Your memory itself isn’t failing you,” says Schacter. “Rather, you didn’t give your memory system the information it needed.”
Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. “A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago,” says Zelinski, “may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox.” Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on just that.
Visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness, says Schacter. “But be sure the cue is clear and available,” he cautions. If you want to remember to take a medication (药物) with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table—don’t leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.
Another common episode of absent-mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you’re there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. “Everyone does this from time to time,” says Zelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you’ll likely remember.
第26题：Why does the author think that encoding properly is very important？
A) It helps us understand our memory system better.
B) It enables us to recall something form. our memory.
C) It expands our memory capacity considerably.
D) It slows down the process of losing our memory.
根据材料请回答 46～50 题
Most episodes of absent-mindedness - forgetting where you left something or wonder-ing why you just entered a room- are caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter." You are supposed to remember something, but you haven't encoded it deeply."
46 .Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations.If you put your mo-bile phone in a pocket, for example, and don't pay attention to what you did because you are involved in a conversation, you will probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your wardrobe."Your memory itself isn't failing you," says Schacter." 47 ."
48 ."A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago," says Zelinski,"may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox." Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory re-lies on just that.
Visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness, says Schacter." 49 ," he cautions.If you want to remember to take a medication with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table don't leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pock-et.
Another common episode of absent-mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you are there.Most likely, you were thinking about something else."Everyone does this from time to time," says Zelinski. 50 .
A．Encoding, Schacter says, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later
B．Rather, you didn't give your memory system the information it needed
C．The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you will likely remember
D．They are more interested in what's happening around them
E．But be sure the cue is clear and available
F．Lack of interest can also lead to absent - mindedness
第 46 题 请选择（46）处的最佳答案
How to be a great test taker
Sometimes it seems that life is just one big test. Pop quizzes. Chapter tests. Final exams. The daunting national examinations for those planning to go to college. You can't even get your driver's license without passing a test.
"Tests are a part of life," says Judy S. Richardson, professor of reading at Virginia Common wealth University in Richmond, Virginia. "We take tests all of the time. I recently had to take one, even at my age, just to apply for a research grant. We may have to take them to apply for a job; or to joint the armed forces."
Importance of Tests
Tests are not just commonplace; they're also important. "Our society places an emphasis on test scores," says Maureen D. Gillette, associate dean of the College of Education at William Paterson University in New Jersey. "Most colleges and universities look at SAT or ACT tests as a measure of a student's potential for success in college. Students should realize that some people and institutions will make certain judgments about them, whether accurate or not, based on test scores."
Talk about pressure! With so much depending on the results, exams can be overwhelming. But they don't have to be. The right frame. of mind and the use of smart test-taking strategies can help any student succeed.
Benefits of Tests
Too often, people take a negative view of tests. Yet they actually have some positive features, according to Richardson. "Tests help us practice sharp, alert thinking," she says. "Answering test questions involves more than knowing a specific, literal answer. It also means knowing how to read between the lines, and then apply it to a situation. That is what we are expected to do every day, and so tests may help us be ready for that daily experience."
Goals of Test-taking
In addition to these benefits, though, the primary goal in test taking is to do well. For some students, the objective might be a passing score. For others, the desired outcome might be an A grade. But what is the best guarantee of doing well in the testing process？
Proper Preparation
The most basic factor, experts agree, is preparation. "Always be prepared for the test," Richardson advises. "Take notes, ask questions, read the material, guess what the teacher will be asking. Then when you see the test, you will have a confident reaction. You will be able to think clearly and do better on the test."
On the other hand, failing to prepare is the biggest mistake you can make. This may seem obvious. But in addition to lacking the necessary knowledge, lack of preparation can weaken your mental state.
"If you do not prepare all along, when you see the test, you may panic," Richardson notes. When fear creeps in, even the best student is unlikely to succeed.
Making Use of Your Materials
Preparing for exams can include a variety of strategies. At a minimum, any important material should be read at least once, and preferably more, until you have absorbed the main points. Simply scanning over textbooks or notes is not enough.
"Reading it once is not studying," says Dr. Michael Epstein, professor of psychology at Rider University in New Jersey. He advocates taking a structured approach in which students review information both before a test and afterward.
Before taking an exam, you should commit important concepts to memory through focused study. Try using whatever memory techniques work best for you. This might mean writing notes, asking yourself questions and then answering them aloud, or employing clever memory devices.
Managing Time
Key to the process is time management. Don't assume you can wait until the last minute and then make up for lost study time. Rather, be sure to prepare in advance.
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
He was criticized by the committee for failing to report the accident.
A．disapproved
B．exhausted
C．excluded
D．blamed
After failing four times, I （） passed my driving test.
A.eventually
B.frequently
C.extremely
D.reluctantly
There is convinced evidence that stress is partly responsible for his failing health.( )
The writer ate a tasteless diet for several days ______.
A．as a result of her failing taste
B．as was warned on the package
C．as a result of taking the drug
D．as was advised by her doctor
