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The word "litigants" means most nearly ______.A．jury membersB．commentatorsC．parties in a l

The word "litigants" means most nearly ______.

A．jury members

B．commentators

C．parties in a lawsuit

D．taxpayers

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更多“The word "litigants" means mos…”相关的问题

第1题

The word "litigants" （Line 2, Para. 1 ) means most nearly ______.A．jury membersB．commenta

The word "litigants" (Line 2, Para. 1 ) means most nearly ______.

A．jury members

B．commentators

C．parties in a lawsuit

D．taxpayers

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第2题

1：阅读理解 In recent years, there has been an increasing awareness of the inadequacies of

the judicial system in the United States. Costs are staggering both for the taxpayers and the litigants and, the litigants, or parties, have to wait sometimes many years before having their day in court. Many suggestions have been made concerning methods of ameliorating the situation but, as in most branches of government, changes come slowly. One suggestion that has been made in order to maximize the efficiency of the systems is to allow districts that have an overabundance of pending cases to borrow judges from other districts that do not have such a backlog. Another suggestion is to use pretrial conferences, in which the judge meets in his chambers with the litigants and their attorneys in order to narrow the issues, limit the witnesses, and provide for a more orderly trial. The theory behind pretrial conferences is that judges will spend less time on each case and parties will more readily settle before trial when they realize the adequacy of their claims and their opponents' evidence. Unfortunately, at least one study had shown that pretrial conferences actually use more judicial time than they save, rarely result in pretrial settlements, and actually result in higher damage settlements. Many states have now established another method, small-claims courts, in which cases over small sums of money can be disposed of with considerable dispatch. Such proceedings cost the litigants almost nothing. In California, for example, the parties must appear before the judge without the assistance of counsel. The proceedings are quite informal and there is no pleading—the litigants need to make only a one-sentence statement of their claim. By going to this type of courts, the plaintiff waives any right to jury trial and the right to appeal the decision. In coming years, we can expect to see more and more innovations in the continuing effort to remedy a situation which must be remedied if the citizens who have valid claims are going to be able to have their day in court. The word "litigants" in Paragraph 1 refers to______.

A.judges

B.attorneys

C.persons concerned in a lawsuit

D.government officials

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第3题

The passage indicates that litigants who lose their cases in the state trial court may tak

e them to a______.

A．different trial court in the same state

B．court in a different geographic region

C．federal trial court

D．state supreme court

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第4题

Which of the following is true about small-claims courts？A．It is possible to have one's ca

Which of the following is true about small-claims courts？

A．It is possible to have one's case heard by a jury if he or she is dissatisfied with the court's decision.

B．The decision may not be appealed to a higher court.

C．The litigants must plead accurately and according to a strict form.

D．The parties may not present their cases without a lawyer's help.

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第5题

In recent years, there has been an increasing awareness of the inadequacies of the judicia

l system in the United States. Costs are staggering both for the taxpayers and the litigants--and the litigants, or parties, have to wait sometimes many years before having their day in court. Many suggestions have been made concerning methods of improving the situation, but as in most branches of government, changes come slowly.

One suggestion that has been made in order to maximize the efficiency of the system is to allow districts that have an overabundance of pending cases to borrow judges from other districts that do not have such a workload. Another suggestion is to use pretrial conferences, in which the judge meets in his chambers with the litigants and their lawyers in order to narrow the issues, limit the witnesses, and provide for a more orderly trial. The theory behind pretrial conferences is that judges will spend less time on each case and parties will more readily settle before trial when they realize the adequacy of their claims and their opponents' evidence. Unfortunately, at least one study has shown that pretrial conferences actually use more judicial time than they save, rarely result in pretrial settlements, and actually result in higher damage settlements.

Many states have now established another method, small-claims courts, in which cases over small sums of money can be disposed of with considerable dispatch. Such proceedings cost the litigants almost nothing. In California, for example, the parties must appear before the judge without the assistance of counsel. The proceedings are quite informal and there is no pleading--the litigants need to make only a one-sentence statement of their claim. By going to this type of court, the plaintiff(原告) gives up any right to a jury trial and the right to appeal the decision.

In coming years, we can expect to see more and more innovations in the continuing effort to correct a situation which must be corrected if the citizens who have valid claims are going to be able to have their day in court.

The pretrial conference, in theory, is supposed to do all of the following EXCEPT ______.

A．narrow the issues

B．cause early settlements

C．save judicial time

D．increase settlement costs

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第6题

Which of the following is true？A．Lawsuit costs are usually quite high both for the taxpaye

Which of the following is true？

A．Lawsuit costs are usually quite high both for the taxpayers and the litigants.

B．To use pretrial conferences proves to be quite feasible in maximizing the efficiency of the judicial system in US.

C．At present, most litigants prefer small-claims courts in US because cases can be settled with considerable dispatch.

D．It is possible to have one' s case heard by a jury if the litigant is not satisfied with the small-claims court' s decision.

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第7题

The United States court system, as part of the federal system of government, is characteri

zed by dual hierarchies: there are both state and federal courts. Each state has its own system of courts, composed of civil and criminal trial courts, sometimes intermediate courts of appeal, and a state supreme court. The federal court system consists of a series of trial courts(called district courts)serving relatively small geographic regions(There is at least one for every state), a tier of circuit courts of appeal that hear appeals from many district counts in a particular geographic region, and the Supreme Court of the United States. The two court systems are to some extent overlapping, in that certain kinds of disputes (such as a claim that a state law is in violation of the Constitution)may be initiated in either system. They are also to some extent hierarchical, for the federal system stands above the state sys- tem in that litigants (persons engaged in lawsuits )who lose their cases in the state supreme courts may appeal their cases to the Supreme Court of the United States.

Thus, the typical court case begins in a trail count—a court of general jurisdiction—in the state or federal system. Most cases go to further than the trial court; for example, the criminal defendant is convicted (by a trial or a guilty plea)and sentenced by the court and the case ends; the personal injury suit results in a judgment by a trail court (or an out-of-court settlement by the parties while the court suit is pending)and the parties leave the court sys- tem. But sometimes the losing party at the trial court cares enough about the cause that the matter does not end there. In these cases, the "loser" at the trial court may appeal to the next higher court.

According to the passage, district courts are also known as______.

A．circuit courts

B．supreme courts

C．intemediate courts

D．trial courts

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第8题

The US court system, as part of the federal system of government, is characterized by dual

hierarchies; there are both state and federal courts. Each state has its own system of courts,composed of civil and criminal trial courts, sometimes intermediate courts of appeal, and a state supreme court. The federal court system consists of a series of trial courts (called district courts) serving relatively small geographic regions (there is at least one for every state), a tier (系列, 等级) of circuit (巡回) courts of appeal that hear appeals from many district courts in a particular geographic region, and the Supreme Court of the United States. The two court systems are to some extent overlapping, in that certain kinds of disputes (such as a claim that a state law is in violation of the Constitution) may be initiated in either system. They are also to some extent hierarchical, for the federal system stands above the state system in that litigants (诉讼当事人) (persons engaged in lawsuits) who lose their cases in the state supreme court may appeal their cases to the Supreme Court of the United States. Thus, the typical court case begins in a trial court—a court of general jurisdiction (司法) in the state or federal system. Most cases go no further than the trial court: for example, the criminal defendant is convicted (by a trial or a guilty plea) and sentenced by the court and the case ends; the personal injury suit results in a judgment by a trial court [or an out-of-court settlement by the parties while the court suit is pending (悬而未决的)] and the parties leave the court system. But sometimes the losing party at the trial court care enough about the course that the matter does not end there. In these cases, the "loser" at the trial court may appeal to the next higher court.

What does the passage mainly discuss？

A．Civil and criminal courts.

B．Typical court cases.

C．The court system in US.

D．The appeal court process.

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第9题

The word "squeak" means ________.

A.die

B.run

C.cry

D.struggle