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[主观题]

Language performance and language acquisition are the two principle concerns of the psych

ology of language, or psycholinguistics.【M1】______ The intensified study of psycholinguistics has produced a considerable amount of literature and some significant advance in our understanding【M2】______ of language acquisition. Surprisingly little fundamental research has been conducted into the processes of learning a second language. The consequence has been most theories in this field【M3】______ are still extrapolating from general theories of human learning【M4】______ and behavior. or from the recent work in language performance and acquisition. This is not to say that there has been no valuable research on language teaching. But this has been concerned about【M5】______ the evaluation of different teaching methods and materials, for example, the use of language laboratories, the use of language drills, the teaching of grammar by different methods. Now, such research is difficult to evaluate, so experiments in【M6】______ language teaching suffer from the same set of problems that all comparative educational experiments suffer from. It is virtually impossible to control all the factors involved in even if we know【M7】______ how to identify them in the first place, particularly such factors as motivation, previous knowledge, aptitude, learning outside the classroom, teacher performance. Consequently the conclusions to be drawn from such experiments can, with confidence, be generalized to other【M8】______ teaching situations. The results are, strictly spoken, only valid for the【M9】______ learners, teachers and schools in what the experiment took place.【M10】______

【M1】

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更多“Language performance and langu…”相关的问题

第1题

Write a note of about 50 - 60 words based on the following situation: The annual Chri

stmas party is going to be held at your school. Your friend Chris wants to give a performance on the party, but he has no idea about what kind of show to play. Thus, he asks for your help. Write him a note to give some suggestions. Do not sign your own name, using "Peter" instead. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, language and appropriateness.

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第2题

回答下列各题： Marketing Information 0 Sales and marketing messages are illegal if they

falsely advertise prices, 00 performance capability, quality, or the other product characteristics, or 34 the buyer in what any way. A Western Canadian electronics firm was convicted 35 recently of bait-and-switch selling (selling products with deceptive advertising). 36 This practice occurs when a company advertises at a very low price on a 37 product, but the customer has great many difficulty getting the special price. 38 Rather that, the company attempts to sell the customer a similar but 39 higher-priced product or offers a rain check that it will not be honored. This 40 tactic for attracting customers is a form. of deceptive marketing. Furthermore, 41 sellers of services must also be cautious about how the language they use to 42 describe what they will do. Letters, reports, and proposals that they describe 43 services to be performed are interpreted as contracts in courts. Sales and 44 marketing messages must not make claims that cannot be verified, so that 45 language must not promise more than which intended. the buyer in what any way. A Western Canadian electronics firm was convicted

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第3题

How can English teachers accelerate the language learning of their students？ One way is

to teach students how to learn more effectively and efficiently. Learning strategies are "Procedures or techniques that learners can use to facilitate a learning task." Instructing students of English in learning strategies can help them become better learners. In addition, skill in using learning strategies assists students in becoming independent, confident learners. Finally, students become more motivated as they begin to understand the relationship between their use of strategies and success in learning English. Students need to develop an awareness of the learning process and strategies that lead to success. Students who reflect on their own thinking are more likely to engage in planning how to proceed with a learning task, monitoring their own performance on an ongoing basis, finding solutions to problems encountered, and evaluating themselves upon task completion. These activities may be diff

1)Students who reflect on their own （） will be more successful in learning.

A、thinking

B、evaluation

C、performance

D、activities

2)Which of the following statements is true？（）

A、Students learn learning strategies from the teachers only.

B、Learning strategies are completely unobservable.

C、Students need to explore new learning strategies for themselves.

D、Teachers are the sole judges of students’ progress.

3)Teachers should encourage students to rely more on（）.

A、books

B、notes

C、tutors

D、themselves

4)Better learning strategies can make language learning more（）.

A、fun

B、interesting

C、efficient

D、exciting

5)Learning strategies are unobservable mental processes, so teachers should make them （）.

A、simpler

B、more familiar

C、more concrete

D、more applicable

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第4题

Artificial SpeechBecause speech is the most convenient form. of communication, in the futu

Artificial Speech

Because speech is the most convenient form. of communication, in the future we want essentially natural conversations with computers． The primary point of contact will be a simple device that will act as our window into the world． It will have to be small enough to slip into your pocket, so there will be a screen but no keyboard．, you will simply talk to it．The device will be permanently connected to the Internet and will beep relevant information up to you as it comes in． Such devices will evolve naturally in the next five to ten years．

Just how quickly people will adapt to a voice-based internet world is uncertain． Many believe that, initially at least, we will need similar conventions for the voice to those we use at present on screen: click, back, forward, and so on． But soon you will undoubtedly be able to interact by voice with all those IT-based services you currently connect with over the Internet by means of a keyboard． This will help the Internet serve the entire population．

Changes like this will encompass (围绕, 包围) the whole world． Because English is the language of science, it will probably remain the language in which the technology is most advanced, but most speech-recognition techniques are transferable to other languagesprovided (假如,若是) there is sufficient motivation to undertake the work．

Of course, in any language there are still huge problems for us to solve． Carefully dietated, clear speech can now be understood by computers with only a 4～5 per cent errorrate, but even the most advanced technology still records 30～40 per cent errors with spontaneous speech． Within ten years we will have computers that respond to goal-directed conversation, but for a computer to have a conversation that takes into account human social behaviors is probably 50 years off． We are not going to be chatting to the big screen in the living room just yet．

In the past insufficient speed and memory have held us back, but these days they are less of an issue． However, there are those in the IT community who believe that current techniques will eventually hit a brick wall． Personally, I believe that incremental (不断增长的) developments in performance are more likely． But it is true that by about 2040 or so, computer architectures will need to become highly parallel (并行的) if performance is to keep increasing． Perhaps that will inspire some radically new approaches to speech understanding that will replace the methods we are developing now．

第 16 题 In the future, people will talk to computer instead of typing and clicking．

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

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第5题

The basic distinction between achievement and proficiency tests is to be found in the dif

ferent purposes for which the two kinds of【M1】______ test are put. Achievement tests are designing to measure the effects【M2】______ of a specific program of instruction or training. The aim of proficiency tests, on the other hand, is to determine whether their language ability corresponds to specific requirements. Examples of such requirements might be: sufficient ability of French to act as a guide to【M3】______ French tourists in Turkey, or enough English to study at an American university. Decisions as to whether that a candidate meets those【M4】______ requirements would be made without reference to the language courses he or she may have taken. The distinction between achievement tests and proficiency tests is a generally useful one. It makes us aware, among other things, that apparently successful performance on a course, which measured by【M5】______ an achievement test based directly on that course, does not necessarily imply the acquisition of a certain proficiency, even when the course is tended to develop that proficiency: the course itself may be【M6】______ deficient. Someone who shows high achievement of a badly【M7】______ designed course of French for Guides may still have sufficient【M8】______ French to perform. successfully as a guide. While I accept the general distinction between achievement tests and proficiency tests, mere is one respect in which I agree【M9】______ with most of the language testing literature and with usual testing practice. My disagreement concerns the way in which the content of the two kinds of tests be determined.【M10】______

【M1】

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第6题

•Read the text below about marketing information.•In most of the lines 34—45 t

•Read the text below about marketing information.

•In most of the lines 34—45 there is one extra word. It is either grammatically incorrect or does not fit in with the meaning of the text. Some lines, however, are correct.

•If a line is correct, write CORRECT on your Answer Sheet.

•If there is an extra word in the line, write the extra word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your Answer Sheet.

Marketing Information

Correct Sales and marketing messages are illegal if they falsely advertise prices,

the performance capability, quality, or the other product characteristics, or deceive

34 the buyer in what any way. A Western Canadian electronics firm was convicted

35 recently of bait-and-switch selling (selling products with deceptive advertising).

36 This practice occurs when a company advertises at a very low price on a

37 product, but the customer has great many difficulty getting the special price.

38 Rather that, the company attempts to sell the customer a similar but

39 higher-priced product or offers a rain check that it will not be honored. This

40 tactic for attracting customers is a form. of deceptive marketing. Furthermore,

41 sellers of services must also be cautious about how the language they use to

42 describe what they will do. Letters, reports, and proposals that they describe

43 services to be performed are interpreted as contracts in courts. Sales and

44 marketing messages must not make claims that cannot be verified, so that

45 language must not promise more than which intended.

(34)

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第7题

Who talks more, women or men？ The seemingly contradictory evidence is【B1】by the difference

what I call public and private speaking. More men feel comfortable doing public speaking,【B2】more women feel comfortable doing【B3】speaking. Another way of【B4】these differences is by using the【B5】"reporttalk" and "rapport-talk".

For most women, the language of conversations is【B6】a language of rapport: a way of establishing connections and【B7】relationships. Emphasis is【B8】on displaying similarities and【B9】experiences. From childhood, girls criticize peers who try to stand【B10】or appear better than others. People feel their closest connections at home, or in setting where they feel at home—with one or a few people they feel close【B11】and comfortable about—in other words, during private speaking.【B12】even the most public situations can be approached like private speaking.

For most men, talk is primarily a means to【B13】independence and negotiate and【B14】status in a hierarchical social order. This is done by exhibiting knowledge and skill, and by【B15】center stage through verbal performance such as storytelling, joking, or【B16】information. From childhood; men learn to use talking as a way to get and keep【B17】. So they are more【B18】speaking in larger groups made up of people they know less well, in the broadest【B19】"public speaking". But even the most private situations can be approached like public speaking, more like giving a report than【B20】rapport.

【B1】

A．Compromised

B．consolidated

C．reinforced

D．reconciled

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第8题

In cognitive psychology, studies of learning strategies with first language learners hav

e concentrated on determining the effects of strategy training on different kinds of tasks and learners. Findings from these studies generally indicated that strategy training is effective in improving the performance of students on wide range of reading comprehension and(1)______ problem-solving tasks. One of the more important outcome of these(2)______ psychological studies was the formulation of learning strategies in an information-processing theoretical model. This model contains an executive, or metacognitive, function in addition with an operative, or cognitive-(3)______ processing, function. Metacognitive strategies involve in thinking about the(4)______ learning process, planning for learning, monitoring of comprehension or production while it is taken place,(5)______ or self-evaluation after the learning activity has been completed.(6)______ Cognitive strategies are more directly related to individual learning tasks and entail directly manipulation or transformation of the learning(7)______ materials. A third type of learning strategy identifying in the literature on(8)______ cognitive psychology concern the influence of social and affective processes(9)______ on learning. Examples of social/affective strategies are cooperative learning, where involves peer interaction to achieve a common goal in learning, and(10)______ asking questions for clarification. Research in metacognitive and cognitive learning strategies suggests that transfer of strategy training to new tasks can be maximized by pairing metacognitive strategies with appropriate cognitive strategies.

(1)

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第9题

There is no denying it: Boys think differently from girls. Even though recent brain resear

ch evidence is controversial(争议的), that conclusion seems inescapable. One clue to brain differences between the sexes came from observation of infants. One study found that from shortly after birth, females are more sensitive to certain types of sounds, particularly to a mother's voice. Female babies are also more easily awoken by loud noises.

Tests show girls have increased skin sensitivity, particularly in the fingertips, and are better at fine motor performance. Female infants speak sooner, have larger vocabularies and rarely show speech mistakes. (Stuttering, for instance, occurs almost only among boys.) Girls exceed boys in language abilities, and this early linguistic bias(倾向) often continues throughout life. Girls read sooner, learn foreign languages more easily and, as a result, are mole likely to enter to occupations involving language mastery.

Boys, in contrast, show an early visual superiority. They are also clumsier, performing poorly at something like arranging a row of beads, but excel at other activities calling on total body coordination. A study of preschool children by psychologist Diane McGuinness of Standford University found boys more curious, especially in regard to exploring his environment. Her studies also confirmed that males are better at manipulating three-dimensional space.

There is evidence that some of these differences in performance are differences in brain organization between boys and girls. Overall, verbal and spatial abilities in boys tend to be "packaged" into different hemisphere: the right hemisphere for nonverbal tasks, the left for verbal tasks. But in girls nonverbal skills are likely to be found on both sides of the brain. The hemispheres of women's brains may be less specialized for these functions.

This passage is mainly about that ______.

A．there exist the psychological differences between boys and girls

B．boys are wiser than girls

C．the male and female brain differences

D．the structures of the brains of children are the same

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第10题

For any Englishman there can never be any discussion as to who is the world's greatest poe

t and greatest dramatist. Only one name can possibly suggest itself to him: that of William Shakespeare. Every Englishman has some knowledge, however slight, of the work of our greatest writer. All of us use words, phrases and quotations from Shakespeare's writings that have become part of the common property of English speaking people. Most of the time we axe probably unaware of the source of the words we use, rather like the old lady who was taken to see a performance of HAMLET and complained that it was full of well-known proverbs and quotations!

Shakespeare, more perhaps than any other writer, made full use of the great resources of the English language. Most of us use about five thousand words in our normal, employment of English; Shakespeare in his works used about twenty-five thousand! There is probably no better way for a foreigner to appreciate the richness and variety of the English language than by studying the various ways in which Shakespeare used it. Such a study is well worth the effort (it is not, of course, recommended to beginners), even though some aspects of English usage, and the meaning of many words, have changed since Shakespeare's day.

The passage tells readers that English people ______.

A．have never discussed who is the world's greatest poet and greatest dramatist

B．never discuss the world's great poets or dramatists

C．do not care who is the world's greatest poet and greatest dramatist.

D．are sure who is the world's greatest poet and greatest dramatist

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