Homosexuals (同性恋)Many homosexuals prefer to be called gay or, for woman, lesbian. Most - 试题答案网问答

第1题

Origins of a PlagueSome gaybashers believe it is God's way of punishing homosexuals（同性恋

Origins of a Plague

Some gaybashers believe it is God's way of punishing homosexuals(同性恋). Some Africans suspect it is just another of the white man's weapons of genocide(种族灭绝). Others have suggested that it was hatched in a biologicalweapons laboratory. There has been no shortage of theories about the origins of the virus that caused the current worldwide AIDS epidemic, but most have ranged from truly bizarre to scientifically implausible at best.

Scientists were drawn into the battle earlier this month, when an article in Rolling Stone magazine contended that the AIDS epidemic was sparked 30 years ago by a polio (小儿麻痹症) vaccine(疫苗), which was accidentally contaminated with a monkey virus. The controversial idea had been completely dismissed by most scientists as simplistic and unprovable, but it does reveal one major point of consensus: African monkeys are almost certainly the source of the deadly virus. Just how the virus made the leap from its simian(猴类的) host to people is still being hotly debated, however, and the more likely explanations are far more complex, involving shifts in African society that turned an isolated disease into a plague.

The polio vaccine theory was actually first proposed in a 1988 editorial in Child and Family, by Herbert Ratner, a former public health officer in Illinois. But the story begins in the mid1950s with Hilary Koprowski, former director of the Wistar Institute in Philadelphis, who, like his colleagues Jonas Salk and Albert Sabin, was racing to produce the vaccine that would protect the world against the scourge(折磨) of polio.

According to the scenario painted in Rolling Stone, batches of Koprowski's vaccine were inadvertently(不小心地) contaminated with a simian AIDS virus. Unlike Salk's vaccine, which contained polio virus that had been killed with formaldehyde, Koprowski and Sabin created their vaccines from a weakened strain of polio virus that would invoke immunity but was too weak to cause disease. Sabin and Koprowski manufactured their vaccines by culturing this weakened strain of polio virus on monkey, kidneys, a fertile medium for the microbe(微生物) and supposedly the source of the simian AIDS virus, now called SIV.

Such accidental contamination is not as farfetched as it might seem. Between 1954 and 1963, an estimated 10 million to 30 million Americans were inadvertently infected with SV40, an apparently harmless monkey virus borne as a silent passenger by both Salk's and Sabin's polio vaccines. SV40 was not discovered until 1961, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has since acted to ensure against similar contamination. Vaccine cultures are now carefully screened for all manner of viral contaminations.

Nor is it implausible that human AIDS came from monkey. Researchers got their first hint of this possibility in the mid1980s, when it was discovered that a group of Asian monkeys used for biomedical research had fallen ill with a virus picked up from other monkeys caught from Africa. The germ turned out to be SIV, and subsequent research showed that in the wild at least six species of African monkeys carry their own strain of the virus. It does not make the African monkeys sick, but it proved deadly to Asian monkeys.

Though researchers initially resisted the idea that human AIDS also came from African monkeys, that fact now seems wellestablished. Later last year, molecular(分子) virologists Beatrice Hahn and George Shaw of the University of Alabama presented convincing evidence that the simian virus. that infects sooty(似煤烟般黑的) mangabey, a type of monkey found in West Africa, carries virtually the same genetic material as HIV2, one of the two strains of human AIDS virus. This finding, says Shaw, provides direct evidence that AIDS originated in monkeys.

If the AIDS virus did infect humans through a polio vaccine, Koprowski's is the most likely candidate. The Sabin v

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

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第2题

According to the passage, the following facts are true EXCEPT that[A] the American public

According to the passage, the following facts are true EXCEPT that

[A] the American public are now mainly concerned with their own risk.

[B] Americans realize that AIDS has a powerful impact on their society.

[C] homosexuals run a higher risk of catching AIDS.

[D] drug addicts are more likely to contract AIDS.

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第3题

HomosexualsMany homosexuals prefer to be called gay or, for women, lesbian．Most of them li

Homosexuals

Many homosexuals prefer to be called gay or, for women, lesbian．Most of them live quiet lives just__ (1) anyone else．Some gay people have always raised children, __ (2) or with partners, and the use of artificial insemination(人工授精)is increasing among lesbians.

Gay persons are in every kind of job． Some are very open about their homosexuality,and some are more private．Some__ (3) their sexual orientation as a biological given and others as a choice．For those women who see it as a choice, one reason often given is the inequality in most heterosexual(异性恋的)relationships.

Homosexuality has been common in most cultures throughout history and generally (4)．As a result, homosexual activity became a crime, __ (5) which the penalty in early courts was death．Homosexual behavior. is still__ (6) in many countries and the United States.

Homosexuality later came to be viewed widely as less a sin than a sickness, but now no mental-health professional(具有专业资格的人)any longer__ (7) homosexuality an illness．More recent theories to__ (8) for homosexuality have included those ,based on biological and sociological factors．To date, __ (9), there is no conclusive general theory that can explain the cause of homosexuality.

Attitudes__ (10) homosexuality began to change in the second half of the 20th century．Gays attribute this, in part, to their own struggle for their rights and pride in their orientation． Some large companies now __ (11) health-care benefits to the life partners of their gay employees．Many cities also have officially appointed lesbian and gay advisory (咨询的)committees．__ (12) some attitudes have changed, however, prejudice(偏见)

still exists, and in the late 1980s and early 1990s there were considerable shouts against homosexuals, with attempt to __ (13) laws forbidding the granting of basic civil rights to gays.

The AIDS epidemic, which started in the 1980s, has devastated(破坏的)the gay community and brought, it together as never before．The organized gay response to the lack of government financial support for fighting AIDS and to the needs of the thousands of AIDS victim, __ (14) they be gays or not, has been a model of community action．AIDS,however, has also __ (15) people with another reason for their prejudice.

第 51 题 A．alike

B．like

C．likely

D．liking

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第4题

美国于______年取消了同性恋的诊断。

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第5题

性取向包括同性恋，异性恋，双性恋。（)

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第6题