题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
Expenditure increased on all the following EXCEPT______.
A．food
B．automobiles
C．education
D．entertainment
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1、(英译中)The effect of governmental expenditures on the total economy varies with both the level of utilization of labor and capital in the economy at the time of the expenditure, and the segment of the economy which receives the expenditure. If the economy as a whole or the segment of the economy which is the focus of the expenditure is operating at capacity or close to capacity, then the expenditure’s major effects will tend to be inflationary, and will not generate much employment of capital and labor. If the economy or sector is operating at much less than full employment, the expenditure will produce a genuine (non-inflationary) rise in the GNP.
A true measure of the effect of governmental increase in the amount of money made available, then, is not the simple dollar value of the initial injection but the cumulative effect of this injection through spending and re-spending. In the optimum case the initial expansion of income flow could be great enough to produce tax revenues in excess of the original "deficit spending" or the "tax cut", so that deficits are not only smaller than the increased GNP but are recouped. In Keynesian economics the fundamental point of government policy clearly is not budget-balancing but spending in the event of unused productive capacity and unemployment. Spending increases productivity. This productivity resulting from federal spending has overwhelmed the older economic myths of the balanced budget where government is conceived of as just another business firm.
听力原文：You will hear a man calling about expenditure.
A: Hello.
B: Hello, the Chief Accountant Office.
A: This is David. I am calling about expenditure. How much did we spend on entertainment this year？
B: 2 566.
A: That’s down a little on last year, And what’s the figure for depreciation？
B: 3 00, the same as last year.
A: Hm, expenditure on secretarial expenses is up．
B: Yes, there’s a big increase there．
A: What’s the figure of 2 612 for？
B: Where’s that？
A: Six figures down.
B :That's motor expenses.
A: And what does this figure represent？
B: Audit and accountancy costs.
A: They were both up a lot.
B: Yes, but expenditure on telephone and postage is down. It’s half as much as last year.
You will hear a man calling about expenditure.
Message
Total amount on entertainment this year: (9)______
Items where expenditures are the same: (10)______
Items where expenditures are up: secretarial expenses, motor expenses, audit and (11)______ costs
Items where expenditures are down: expenditures on (12)______ and postage
Investment and Consumption
Investment in the public sector, such as electricity, irrigation, public services and transport (excluding vehicles, ships and planes) increased by about 10%, although the emphasis moved to the transport and away from the other sectors mentioned. Trade and services recorded a 16% ~ 17% investment growth, including a 30% increase in investment in business premises. Industrial investment is estimated to have risen by 8%. Although the share of agriculture in total gross investment in the economy continued to decline, investment grew by 9% in absolute equipment. Housing construction had 12% more invested in it in 1964, not so much owing to increased demand, as to fears of new taxes and limitation of building.
Total consumption in real terms rose by close on 11% during 1964, and per capita personal consumption by under 7%, as in 1963. The undesirable trend towards a rapid rise in consumption, evident in previous years, remained unaltered. Since at current prices consumption rose by 16% and disposable income by 13%, there was evidently a fall in the rate of saving in the private sector of the economy. Once again consumption patterns indicated a swift advance in the standard of living. Expenditure on food declined in significance, although consumption of fruit increased. Spending on furniture and household equipment, health, education and recreation continued to increase. The greatest proof of altered living standards was the rapid expansion of expenditure on transport (including private cars) and personal services of all kinds, which occurred during 1964. The progressive wealth of large sectors of the public was demonstrated by the changing composition of durable goods purchased. Saturation (饱和) point was rapidly being approached for items such as the first household radio, gas cookers, and electric refrigerators, whereas increasing purchases of automobiles and television sets were registered.
From this passage, we learn that people______.
A．spent more money than they earned
B．saved more money than previously
C．invested and consumed at an accelerated pace
D．spent their money wisely
Except for the recession years of 1949, 1954, and 1958, the rate of economic growth exceeded the rate of productivity increase. However, in the late 1950s productivity and labor force were increasing more rapidly than usual, while the growth of output was slower than usual. This accounted for the change in employment rates.
But if part of the national purpose is to reduce and contain unemployment, arithmetic is not enough. We must know which of the basic factors we can control and which we wish to control. Unemployment would have risen more slowly or fallen more rapidly if productivity had in creased more slowly, or the labor force had increased more slowly, or the hours of work had fallen more steeply, or total output had grown more rapidly. These are not independent factors, however, and a change in any of them might have caused change in the other.
A society can choose to reduce the growth of productivity, and it can probably find ways to frustrate its own creativity. However, while a reduction in the growth of productivity at the expense of potential output might result in higher employment in the short run, the long-run effect on the national interest would be disastrous.
We must also give consideration to the fact that hidden beneath national averages is continuous movement into, out of, between, and within labor markets. For example, 15 years ago, the average number of persons in the labor force was 74 million, with about 70 million employed and 3.9 million unemployed. Yet 14 million experienced some term or unemployment in that year. Some were new entrants to the labor fore; others were laid off temporarily, the remainder were those who were permanently or indefinitely severed from their jobs. Thus, the average number unemployed during a year understates the actual volume of involunatary displacement that occurs.
High unemployment is not an inevitable result of the pace of technological change but the consequence of passive public policy. We can anticipate a moderate increase in the labor force accompained by a slow and irregular decline in hours or work. It follows that the output of the economy--and the aggregate demand to buy it--must grow by more than 4 percent a year just to prevent the unemployment rate from rising, and by even more if the unemployment rate is to fall further. Yet our
A．productivity rises at the same rate as growth of the labor force
B．productivity and labor force increase at a greater rate than output
C．output exceeds productivity
D．rate of economic growth is less than the number of man-hours required
"Expenditure" means
A．exercise.
B．expense.
C．style.
D．cost.
Question 7
The assets and liabilities of the Music Club on 1 January 2002 were as follows:
＄
Clubhouse 1,375,000
Music Equipment (Cost) 300,000
Music Equipment (Book Value) 175,000
Bank & Cash 533,500
Bar Stock 145,500
Bar Debtors 15,500
Rates Prepaid 34,000
Subscriptions-in Arrear 5,500
Subscriptions-in Advance 23,500
Bar Creditor 63,500
Loan to Club 540,000
Accruals-Electricity 19,000
Accruals- Miscellaneous Expenses 37,500
Accruals-Loan Interest 16,500
Accruals-Rent of Music Ground 11,000
The receipts and payments account for the year ended 31 December 2001 shown below was prepared by the honorary treasurers.
Receipts ＄ ＄
Bar Sales 2,015,000
Telephone 2,000
Hire of Music Facilities 890,000
Christmas Party 88,500
Miscellaneous 43,000
Subscriptions 170,000 3,208,500
Payments
Bar Purchases 1,468,500
Loan Repayment 85,000
Rent of Music Ground 49,000
Rates 160,000
Electricity 153,000
Equipment Repairs 163,000
Expenses of Christmas Party 33,500
Maintenance 66,500
Wages 70,000
Telephone 6,500
Bar Sundries 72,000
Loan Interest 48,500
Miscellaneous 81,500 2,457,000
Increase in Bank 751,500
Bank Balance 1 January 2002 533,500
Bank Balance 31 December 2002 1,285,000
Additional Information:
(1)Balances on 31 December 2002
＄
Bar Stock 197,000
Bar Debtors 25,000
Bar Creditors 150,500
Music Ground Rent Prepaid 8,000
Electricity Owing 17,500
Subscriptions-In Arrear 9,500
Subscriptions-in Advance 30,000
Rates Prepaid 38,000
(2)Included in subscriptions in arrears on 31 December 2002 is ＄2,500, which has been outstanding for 5 years, and the management committee wish to write off as a bad debt.
(3)Depreciation is to be provided at the following rates:
Clubhouse 5% by reducing balance method
Music Equipment 5% by straight line method
(4)Incorrectly included in repairs to equipment was ＄100,000 for the purchase of a full set of weight training equipment which was installed in the club house in January 2002, and which has an estimated life of 10 years.
Required:
Prepare the Club's Income and Expenditure Account for the year ended 31 December 2002.
They will cut back expenditure on unnecessary items.
A．stop
B．continue
C．shorten
D．reduce
His expenditure on clothes and luxuries is rather high________(和他每月 收入相比)．
His expenditure on pleasure and luxuries is rather high in proportion ______ his income.
A．with
B．to
C．at
D．of
