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Populations tend to grow at an exponential （指数的) rate. This means that they progressive

Populations tend to grow at an exponential (指数的) rate. This means that they progressively double. As an example of this type of growth rate, take one penny and double it every day for one month. After the first week you would have only 64 cents, but after the fourth week you would have over million dollars. This helps explain why the population has come on "all of a sudden". It took from the beginning of human life to the year 1830 for the population of the earth to reach one billion. That represents a time span of at least two million years. Then it took from 1830 to 1930 for world population to reach 2 billion. The next billion was added by 1960, only thirty years, and in 1979 world population reached 4 billion, which is another billion people in only fifteen years. World population is increasing at a rate of 9 000 per hour, 220 000 per day, 80 million per year. This is not only due to high birth rates, but to lower death rates as well. The number of births has not declined at the same rate as the number of deaths. Some countries, such as Colombia, Thailand, Morocco, Costa Rica, and the Philippines, are doubling their populations about every twenty-one years, with a growth rate of 3. 3 percent a year or more. The United States is doubling its population about every eighty-seven years, with a rate of 0. 8 percent per year. Every time a population doubles, the country involved needs twice as much of everything, including hospitals, schools, resources, food and medicines to care for its people, it is easy to see that this is very difficult to achieve for the more rapidly growing countries.

This passage chiefly discusses______.

A．the growth of world population in recent years

B．one type of the exponential rate

C．the population problem of the more rapidly growing countries

D．the possible ways of dealing with the rapid population growth

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更多“Populations tend to grow at an…”相关的问题

第1题

请根据短文的内容，回答题。 Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared CitiesA new exam

请根据短文的内容，回答题。

Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities

A new examination of urban policies has been __________ (51) recently by Patricia Romero Lankao. She is a sociologist specializing in climate change and __________ (52) development. She warns that many of the world&39;s fast-growing urban areas, especially in developing countries, will likely suffer from the impacts of changing climate. Her work also concludes that most cities are failing to __________ (53) emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse __________ (54). These gases are known to affect the atmosphere. "Climate change is a deeply local issue and poses profound threats to the growing cities of the world," says Romero Lankao. "But too few cities are developing effective strategies to __________ (55) their residents."＜br＞

Cities are __________ (56) sources of greenhouse gases. And urban populations are likely to be among those most severely affected by future climate change. Lankao&39;s findings highlight ways in which city-residents are particularly vulnerable, and suggest policy interventions that could offer immediate and longer-term __________ (57).＜br＞

The locations and dense construction patterns of cities often place their populations at greater risk for natural disasters. Potential __________ (58) associated with climate include storm surges and prolonged hot weather. Storm surges can flood coastal areas and prolonged hot weather can heat __________ (59) paved cities more than surrounding areas. The impacts of such natural events can be more serious in an urban environment. For example, a prolonged heat wave can increase existing levels of air pollution, causing widespread health problems. Poorer neighborhoods that may __________ (60) basic facilities such as drinking water or a dependable network of roads, are especially vulnerable to natural disasters. Many residents in poorer countries live in substandard housing __________ (61) access to reliable drinking water, roads and basic services.＜br＞

Local governments, __________ (62), should take measures to protect their residents." Unfortunately, they tend to move towards rhetoric __________ (63) meaningful responses, Romero Lankao writes," They don&39;t impose construction standards that could reduce heating and air conditioning needs. They don&39;t emphasize mass transit and reduce __________ (64) use. In fact, many local governments are taking a hands off approach." Thus, she urges them to change their __________ (65) policies and to take strong steps to prevent the harmful effects of climate change on cities.＜

_________ 查看材料

A.carry along

B.carried away

C.carried out

D.carried back

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第2题

Global Cancer Rates to Rise by 50% by 2020 The number of new cancer cases worldwide is exp

Global Cancer Rates to Rise by 50% by 2020

The number of new cancer cases worldwide is expected to increase by 50% by the year 2020. But a new report suggests that as many as a third of new cancers could be avoided by adopting healthier lifestyles and through public health action.

The World Cancer Report, released by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, shows that cancer has now emerged as a major public health threat in developing countries as well as rich ones.

Overall, cancer was responsible for 12% of all deaths in 2000. But in many countries more than a quarter of all deaths are caused by cancer.

The report shows that 10 million new cancers were diagnosed globally in 2000, and that number is expected to rise to 15 million by 2020. Researchers say most of that increase will mainly be due to steadily aging populations in both developed and developing countries and current trends in smoking and other unhealthy habits.

"Cancer has emerged as a major public health problem in developing countries for the first time, matching its effect in industrialized (工业化的) countries," said researcher Paul Kleihues, MD, director of IARC, in a news release. "Once considered a 'Western' disease, the Report highlights that more than 50 percent of the world's cancer burden, in terms of both numbers of cases and deaths, already occurs in developing countries."

The risk of being diagnosed with cancer in developed countries is double that in less-developed ones. However, the risk of dying from cancer is much higher in developing countries, where 80% of cancer patients already have late-stage incurable tumors (肿瘤) at the time of diagnosis.

Researchers say cancer rates have traditionally been higher in developed countries due to greater exposure to tobacco, occupational carcinogens (致瘤物), and an unhealthy Western diet and lifestyle. As less-developed countries become industrialized and more prosperous, they tend to adopt the high-fat diet and low physical activity levels typically seen in the West, which increase cancer rates.

The report says that steps could be taken to reduce about

A．50% of new cancers.

B．33% of new cancers.

C．12%of new cancers.

D．80% of new cancers.

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第3题

Clobal Cancer Rates to Rise 50% by 2020The number of new cancer cases worldwide is expecte

Clobal Cancer Rates to Rise 50% by 2020

The number of new cancer cases worldwide is expected to increase by 50% by the year 2020. But a new report suggests that as many as a third of new cancers could be avoided by adopting healthier lifestyles and through public health action.

The World Cancer Report, released by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC, part of the World Health Organization), shows that cancer has now emerged as a major public health threat in developing countries as well as affluent ones.

Overall, cancer was responsible for 12% of all heaths in 2000. But in many countries more than a quarter of all deaths are caused by cancer.

The report shows that 10 million new cancers were diagnosed globally in 2000, and that number is expected to rise to 15 million by 2020. Researchers say most of that increase will mainly be due to steadily aging populations in both developed and developing countries and current trends in smoking and other unhealthy habits.

"Cancer has emerged as a major public health problem in developing countries for the first time, matching its effect in industrialized countries," says researcher Paul Kleihues, MD, director of IARA, in a news release. "Once considered a 'Western' disease, the Report highlights that more than 50 percent of the world's cancer burden, in terms of both numbers of cases and deaths, already occurs in developing countries."

The risk of being diagnosed with cancer in developed countries is double that in less-developed ones. However, the risk of dying from cancer is much higher in developing countries, where 80% of cancer patients already have late-stage incurable tumors at the time of diagnosis.

Researchers say cancer rates have traditionally been higher in developed countries due to greater exposure to tobacco, occupational carcinogens, and an unhealthy Western diet and lifestyle. As less-developed countries become industrialized and more prosperous, they tend to adopt the high-fat diet and low physical activity levels typically seen in the West, which increase cancer rates.

According to a new report, healthier lifestyles and public health action could help reduce about ______.

A．50% of new cancers

B．33% of new cancers

C．12% of new cancers

D．80% of new cancers

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第4题

Sleep Problems Plague the Older SetOlder Americans often have difficulty getting a good ni

Sleep Problems Plague the Older Set

Older Americans often have difficulty getting a good night's rest. It's a huge quality-of-life problem, experts say, because contrary to popular belief, seniors require about the same amount of sleep as younger adults.

"Sleep problems and sleep disorders are not an inherent (固有的) part of aging," said Dr. Harrison G. Bloom, an associate clinical professor of geriatrics (老年病学) and medicine at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York City. "It's pretty much of a myth that older people need less sleep than younger people."

Yet, in a study published recently in The American Journal of Medicine, researchers found that more than half of older Americans have problems getting the sleep they need.

Older people tend to have "sleep fragmentation," meaning they wake up more often during the night, said study author Dr. Julie Gammack, an assistant professor of medicine in the Division of Geriatric Medicine at St. Louis University.

They also seem to get less "REM" sleep, the type of sleep during which rapid eye movement occurs, Bloom added.

It's unclear what role these naturally occurring changes in sleep patterns have on a person's quality of life, Bloom said "What is important, though, is that older people often have actual sleep disorders and problems with sleep," he said.

And, experts say, there is usually more than one cause.

"Sleep trouble in older adults is typically associated with acute and chronic illnesses, including specific sleep disorders like sleep apnea (呼吸暂停) and restless leg syndrome that appear with greater frequency in older populations," said Michael V. Vitiello, a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences and associate director of the University of Washington's Northwest Geriatric Education Center.

Taking multiple medications, as many older people do, can also lead to fatigue and "hypersomnia," or being tired all the time, Bloom added.

Another big problem, he noted, is depression and anxiety. "Those are very commonly associated with sleep problems."

Despite the prevalence (流行) of sleep difficulties in older adults, many patients aren't getting the help they need As a result, problems like insomnia (失眠), restless leg syndrome and sleep apnea are underdiagnosed and undertreated, Bloom said.

Sleep problems can seriously affect one's quality of life.

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

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第5题

Bear populations have decreased because humans have overhunted hears and occupied their ha

bitat.

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

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第6题

A．The populations of small towns increased rapidly.B．Art critics in cities began

A．The populations of small towns increased rapidly.

B．Art critics in cities began to take notice of regionalism.

C．Some regionalist painters began a new art movement.

D．Society became more internationally focused.

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第7题

Which of the following statements about deer populations is supported by the information i

n paragraph 4？

A．Deer populations reached their highest point during the 1940s and then began to decline.

B．The activities of settlers contributed in unexpected ways to the growth of some deer populations in later times.

C．The clearing of wilderness land for construction caused biotic changes from which the black-tailed deer population has never recovered.

D．Since the 1940s the winter populations of deer have fluctuated more than the summer populations have.

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第8题

Why does the author mention immigration and emigration in paragraph 8？A．To identify factor

Why does the author mention immigration and emigration in paragraph 8？

A．To identify factors affecting population dispersion

B．To give examples of territorial behavior. in animals

C．To show that populations balance themselves over time

D．To explain why animal populations are uniformly dispersed

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第9题

A．The populations of small towns increased rapidly.B．Art critics in cites began to tak

A．The populations of small towns increased rapidly.

B．Art critics in cites began to take notice of regionalism.

C．Some regionalist painters began a new art movement.

D．Society became more internationally focused.

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