题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
At the university Mr. Robinson specialized in ______.
A．maths
B．physics
C．water management
D．geography
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听力原文：(Knock, knock...) M: Come in. W: Good morning, Mr Brown. M: Oh, come in, Mary. Ive been expecting you. Take a seat. W: Thanks. M: And what can I do for you？ W: Well, I was thinking about taking a year off after we finish school this summer, and I wanted some advice. M: I see. You mean putting off going to university for a year？ W: Thats right. Ive been offered a place at London University, but what Id really like to do is take a year out first — do something different, maybe go abroad. M: So were you thinking of getting some sort of job, or travelling around？ I mean, is your main aim to earn some money, or to do something else？ Or do you want to do a bit of both？ W: Id really like to travel — but I dont have any money. But Ive heard of an organisation called Peterson International — and thats what I want to ask you about. Do you know anything about it？ M: Sure. Its a charity and its aimed very much at young people like you, and what they do is to get teams of young people to work together on various projects all over the world—environment projects, community projects, that sort of thing. W: Mum, it sounds great. Is it just English people on the projects？ M: No, theyre international teams. Youd be working with quite a variety of people. Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 13. When does Mary want to take a year off？ 14. What projects does Peterson International carry out？ 15. Where do the people in the Peterson International teams come from？13．
A．International children"s projects.
B．Social and environmental projects.
C．Projects for people with no money.
D．Projects involving sports and language.
Mr Mintzberg finds fault with the emphasis that many MBA programs place on frenetic case studies which encourage students to come up with rapid answers based on meagre data. But more than that, he criticizes them for their concentration on dry analysis. Such courses, he says, enable their graduates to "speak convincingly in a group of 40 to 90 people", and make them believe they can leapfrog over experience. That, though, is not the sum total of what is required to manage a complex commercial organization.
Synthesis, not analysis, argues Mr Mintzberg, "is the very essence of management". On several occasions he cites Robert McNamara, once president of the Ford Motor Company and a United States secretary of defense in the 1960s, as the archetypal MBA, a man who thought that even in Vietnam "generic analysis could substitute for situational knowledge". More recently, the qualification has been thrown into deeper disrepute by the heavy dependence of companies such as Enron on MBA recruits. Its former chief executive Jeffrey Skilling, currently awaiting trial on 36 charges of fraud and insider trading, liked to boast that he came in the top 5% of his MBA class at the Harvard Business School.
And yet, if the MBA is so bad at teaching management, how come America has far more successful businesses than Europe and Japan, areas of the world that are significantly less enthusiastic about such methods of learning？ Leaving aside the unprovable rejoinder that American firms would have done even better without the MBA, Mr Mintzberg argues that any list of America's most admired corporate leaders is heavily loaded with people who don't have the qualification: Bill Gates, Warren Buffett, Jack Welch, Michael Dell and Andy Grove, to name but a few. The fact that some 40% of the bosses of America's biggest companies today have an MBA is, he claims, largely due to the fact that the system is self-perpetuating. "Enabling Harvard to place so many people at the top is the fact that Harvard already has so many people at the top."
Mr Mintzberg is not alone these days in questioning the value of the traditional MBA. Leading consultants such as McKinsey and Mercer are spreading their recruitment net much more widely. Mercer's London office says that one year's in-house training enables young graduates to "run circles round newly minted MBAs". In its February issue, the Harvard Business Review (no less) said that "an arts degree is now perhaps the hottest credential in the world of business", with corporate recruiters trawling places such as the Rhode Island School of Design.
"Managers not MBAs" throws a stone into the often complacent world of management education. It should be required reading for anyone who has the qualification, wants one, or just wonders what all the fuss is about.
What's the topic of this passage？
A．How to teach managers to manage.
B．MBAs are not all proper managers.
C．Mr. Mintzberg's research on MBAs.
D．MBA study is a good way to cultivate managers.
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded the Nobel Prize in economics to three Americans,Eugene Fama,Lars Peter Hansen and Robert Shiller on Oct.14,2013.Eugene Fama and Lars Peter Hansen are both professors at the University of Chicago.Robert Shiller is a professor at Yale University.They will share the prize worth about 1.2 million dollars.
"This year's prize in economic sciences is about predictions." All three of this year's prize winners are mainly known for their research and explanations of pricing forces in financial markets.They have had a big influence on the way people look at and talk about financial markets.
Eugene Fama's research on financial markets in the 1960s led market watchers to change their ideas about investing.His ideas are linked to the theory that markets are efficient,which means market actors taking all available information to create the correct price for things at any given time.This also means that over short periods of time,it is not possible to predict prices.
Robert Shiller found,however,that over long periods,the opposite is true.It is possible to predict the movement of prices and that price changes are linked to human behavior.
The findings of both economists have led to the growth of index funds,investing many different securities as a way to reduce risk.Mr Shiller also helped to create the Standard & Poor's Case-Shiller home prices index.That index follows home prices across the United States.
Lars Peter Hansen developed a method for studying historical pricing information.His method supports Mr Shiller's findings and has influenced efforts to predict prices in the financial industry.
The Nobel Prize in economics was not created by Alfred Nobel,but was established in his memory by Sweden's central bank in 1968.
1.The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded the Nobel Prize in electronics to three Americans on Oct.14,2013.
2.Eugene Fama,Lars Peter Hansen and Robert Shiller won the prize for their research and explanations of pricing forces in financial markets.
3.Eugene Fama's research on financial markets in the 1960s resulted in some change in how market watchers look at investing.
4.The findings of both economists have led to the growth of price prediction,investing many different securities as a way to reduce risk.
5.The Nobel Prize in economics was established in memory of Alfred Nobel by Sweden's central bank in 1968.
