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更多“感受器编码（sensory coding)”相关的问题
A.A.
B.B.S
C.C.C
D.D.D
Morris等(1977)发现，语义编码项目在标准再认测验上的平均成绩会好于语音编码项目，而语音编码项目在韵律再认测验上的成绩又好于语义编码项目。这可用下述观点来解释( )。
A．迁移一致的加工(transfer approperlate processing)
B．加工水平(levels of processing)
C．双编码假说(dual coding hypothesis)
D．前摄/倒摄干扰理论(proactive/retroative interfrence theory)
It may be debated whether individual neurons are "tuned" to react to only a
single tastant such as salt or sugar--and therefore signal only one taste
quality--or whether the activity in a given neuron contributes to the neural
representation of more than one taste. Studies show that both peripheral and
(5) central gustatory neurons typically respond to more than one kind of stimulus,
and although each neuron is attuned most acutely to one tastant, it usually also
generates a reaction to others with dissimilar taste qualities. How then can the
brain represent various taste qualities if each neuron is receptive to many
different-tasting stimuli？
(10) Electrophysiological studies of gustatory sensory neurons, first performed
by Pfaffmann, demonstrated that peripheral neurons are not specifically
responsive to stimuli representing a single taste quality (which might be
symbolized by the pattern of activity across gustatory neurons because the
activity of any one cell was ambiguous) but instead record a spectrum of tastes.
(15) But in the 1970s and 1980s several scientists began to accumulate data indicating
that individual neurons are tuned maximally for one taste, and they interpreted
this as evidence that activity in a particular type of cell represented a given taste
quality--an idea they called the labeled-line hypothesis. According to this idea,
activity in neurons that experience the strongest reaction to sugar would signal
(20) "sweetness," activity in those that are most sensitive to acids would signal
"sourness", and so forth.
Smith later proved that the same cells that previous researchers had
interpreted as labeled lines actually defined the similarities and differences in
the patterns of activity across taste neurons, suggesting that the same neurons
(25) were responsible for taste-quality representation, whether they were viewed as
labeled lines or as critical parts of an across-neuron pattern. These investigators
further established that the neural distinction among stimuli of different
qualities depended on the simultaneous activation of different cell types, much
as with the function of color vision, but unlike auditory perception. These and
(30) other considerations have led us to favor the idea that the patterns of activity
are key to coding taste information.
Scientists now know that things that taste similarly evoke similar patterns
of activity across groups of taste neurons. Furthermore, we can compare these
patterns and use multivariate statistical analysis to plot the similarities in the
(35) patterns elicited by various tastants. Taste researchers have generated such
comparisons for gustatory stimuli from the neural responses of hamsters and
rats and these correspond very closely to similar plots generated in behavioral
experiments, from which we may infer which stimuli taste alike and which taste
different to animals. Such data show that the across-neuron patterns contain
(40) sufficient information for taste discrimination and this may be a reasonable
explanation for neural coding in taste, though researchers continue to debate
whether individual neuron types play a more significant role in taste coding than
they do in color vision. Scientists question whether taste is an analytic sense, in
which each quality is separate, or a synthetic sense like color vision, where
(45) combinations of colors produce a unique quality
A．illustrating the extent to which the physiological principles behind taste mirror those behind vision
B．contrasting the available evidence for the labeled-line and across-neuron theories of taste
C．describing the evolution of theories concerning the neurological mechanisms which determine taste
D．demonstrating the superiority of holistic models over component models in analyzing neuron function
E．showing that individual neurons play a negligible role in the physiological mechanisms of perception
A.人类耳朵外毛细胞要比内毛细胞多的多，所以外毛细胞对听神经的输入占据主导地位
B.声波的机械能会转化为毛细胞膜的电压变化，引起听神经的动作电位的发放
C.纤毛不同方向的牵拉造成了钾离子通道的开闭
D.内毛细胞是编码声音的主要感受器
Sensory psychophysics play a vital part in the invention of this device.
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not mentioned
