题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
How do the scientists measure the pitch？
A．According to the movement and vibrations of hot gasses
B．The trade winds blow on Earth
C．The rivers
D．The sound travel through the space
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更多“How do the scientists measure …”相关的问题
Scientist: Well, if you look closely at a violin, um ... it may be a beautiful-looking instrument, but it is basically just a wooden box, whose function is to take a little energy out of the string that the musician plays and to turn it into sound that is then heard by the listener. The function of an individual violin is to provide suitable playing and sound qualities for the musician to express all of his or her emotions.
You turn on the radio and hear a scientist being interviewed about violins. What is the scientist doing？
A．Explaining how a violin works.
B．Explaining how a violin is made.
C．Explaining how a violin should be played.
The making and care of the gardens and the nursing of the young ants are done by the smallest workers. Slightly larger workers are responsible for chopping up leaves to make them suitable for use in the gardens and for cleaning the nest. A third group of still larger ants do the construction work and collect fresh leaves from outside the nest. The largest are the soldier ants, responsible for defending the nest.
To find out how good the various size-groups are at different tasks, the scientist measured the amount of work done by the ants against the amount of energy they used. He examined first the gathering and carrying of leaves. He selected one of the size-groups, and then measured how efficiently these ants could find leaves and run back to the nest. Then he repeated the experiment for each of the other size-groups. In this way he could see whether any group could do the job more efficiently than the group normally undertaking it.
The intermediate-sized ants that normally perform. this task proved to be the most efficient for their energy costs, but when the scientist examined the whole set of jobs performed by each group of ants it appeared that some sizes of worker ant were not ideally suited to the particular jobs they performed.
In which way are the ants different from other non-human societies？
A．They do not need to search for food.
B．They do not need to look for shelter.
C．Individuals vary in social status.
D．Individuals perform. different functions.
No scientist knows how man made words.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Doesn't say.
Passage Two
I don’t ever want to talk about being a woman scientist again. There was a time in my life when people asked constantly for stories about what it’s like to work in a field dominated by men. I was never very good at telling those stories because truthfully I never found them interesting. What I do find interesting is the origin of the universe, the shape of space-time and the nature of black holes.
At 19, when I began studying astrophysics, it did not bother me in the least to be the only woman in the classroom. But while earning my Ph.D. at MIT and then as a post-doctor doing space research, the issue started to bother me. My every achievement—jobs, research papers, awards—was viewed through the lens of gender (性别) politics. So were my failures. Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus (相对于) right brain, or nature versus nurture (培育), I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind.
Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would eventually become my reply to any and all provocations: I don’t talk about that anymore. It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19 and to realize that I didn’t want to deal with gender issues. Why should curing sexism be yet another terrible burden on every female scientist？ After all, I don’t study sociology or political theory.
Today I research and teach at Barnard, a women’s college in New York City. Recently, someone asked me how may of the 45 students in my class were women. You cannot imagine my satisfaction at being able to answer, 45. I know some of my students worry how they will manage their scientific research and a desire for children. And I don’t dismiss those concerns. Still, I don’t tell them “war” stories. Instead, I have given them this: the visual of their physics professor heavily pregnant doing physics experiments. And in turn they have given me the image of 45 women driven by a love of science. And that’s a sight worth talking about.
62. Why doesn’t the author want to talk about being a woman scientist again？
A) She feels unhappy working in male-dominated fields.
B) She is fed up with the issue of gender discrimination.
C) She is not good at telling stories of the kind.
D) She finds space research more important.
Unlocking the Human Genome(基因组)
1 A project to unlock secrets-what scientist could resist that challenge？ This is what many scientists are doing as they work on the Human Genome Project. The aim of the project is to decode(破译)all of the some 100, 000 genes in the human body. Scientists are using DNA fingerprinting techniques to do the decoding.
2 DNA is the substance found in the chromosomes(染色体)of a cell. A chromosome is a chain of genes. Each gene carries a piece of genetic information. At any one moment in a cell, thousands of genes are turned on and off to produce proteins(蛋白质). The challenge for scientists is to find out what role each gene plays in protein production. At some point this decoding will be complete. Then scientists will have a map of an ideal genome, or a picture of the total genetic nature of a human being. The ideal genome is called a consensus(交感)genome. Everything works well in a consensus genome.
3 But no one in the world has a consensus genome. Everyone's genome is different from the ideal. These differences are referred to as genetic mutations(突变). Genetic mutations in a person's genome mean that the person has a greater than average chance of suffering from health problems. Some problems are not life-threatening. These would include things like colorblindness, or mild headaches. Other problems are serious, such as heart disease, or cancer.
4 It will take years to identify the role of each of the 100, 000 genes, The short-term goal of the project is to find the physical and mental health problems a person is likely to encounter during his or her lifetime. The long-term goal is to have each person live a longer, healthier life.
A. How does DNA work？
B. What is the Human Genome Project about？
C. How are the DNA samples collected？
D. What are the goals of the Human Genome Project？
E. What is the role of each gene？
F. What are the consequences of genetic mutations？
Paragraph 1 ______
At 19, when I began studying astrophysics, it did not bother me in the least to be the only woman in the classroom. But while earning my Ph. D. at MIT and then as a post-doctor doing space research, the issue started to bother me. My every achievement—jobs, research papers, awards—was viewed through the lens of gender(性别) politics. So were my failures. Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus(相对于) right brain, or nature versus nurture(培育), I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind.
Then one day a few years ago, out of my month came a sentence that would eventually become my reply to any and all provocations: I don't talk about that anymore. It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19 and to realize that I didn't want to deal with gender issues. Why should curing sexism be yet another terrible burden on every female scientist？ After all, I don't study sociology or political theory.
Today I research and teach at Barnard, a women's college in New York City. Recently, someone asked me how many of the 45 students in my class were women. You cannot imagine my satisfaction at being able to answer, 45. I know some of my students worry how they will manage their scientific research and a desire for children. And I don't dismiss those concerns. Still, I don't tell them "war" stories. Instead, I have given them this: the visual of their physics professor heavily pregnant doing physics experiments. And in turn they have given me the image of 45 women driven by a love of science. And that's a sight worth talking about.
Why doesn't the author want to talk about being a woman scientist again？
A．She feels unhappy working in male-dominated fields.
B．She is fed up with the issue of gender discrimination.
C．She is not good at telling stories of the kind.
D．She finds space research more important.
A．A scientist will help to wire all the schools.
B．It can be very expensive.
C．It is not easy to do so.
D．Technical problems are still not solved.
听力原文： Proverbs, sometimes called sayings, are examples of folk wisdom. They are little lessons which older people of a culture pass down to the younger people to teach them about life. Many proverbs remind people of the values that are important in the culture. Values teach people how to act, what is right, and what is wrong. Because the values of each culture are different, understanding the values of another culture helps explain how people think and act. Understanding your own cultural values is important too. If you can accept that people from other cultures act according to their values, not yours, getting along with them will be much easier. Many proverbs are very old. So some of the values they teach may not be as important in the culture as they once were. For example, Americans today do not pay much attention to the proverb "Haste makes waste.", because patience is not important to them. But if you know about past values, it helps you to understand the present. And many of the older values are still strong today. Benjamin Franklin, a famous American diplomat, writer and scientist, died in 1790, but his proverb "Time is money." is taken more seriously by Americans of today than ever before. A study of proverbs from around the world shows that some values are shared by many cultures. In many cases though, the same idea is expressed differently.
Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
33. Why are proverbs so important？
34. According to the speaker, what happens to some proverbs with the passage of time？
35. What do we learn from the study of proverbs from around the world？
(30)
A．They help us see the important values of a culture.
B．They guide us in handling human relationships.
C．They help us express ourselves more effectively.
D．They are an infinite source of human knowledge.
Regeneration of Limbs
Most people would agree that it would be wonderful if humans could regenerate limbs. These who have lost their arms or legs would be complete again. The day is still far off when this might happen. But in the last 10 years, doctors have reported regeneration in smaller parts of the body, most often fingers.
Regeneration is not a newly-discovered process. For centuries, scientists have seen it work in some kinds of animals. Break off a lizard's (蜥蜴的) tail, for example, and it will grow a new tail. Scientists now are looking for a way to turn on this exciting ability in more highly-developed animals, including humans. Their experiments show that nerves, cell chemistry and the natural electric currents in the body all seem to have a part in this process.
The body of every animal contains general purpose cells that change into whatever kind of cells the body needs. Animals such as the lizard or salamander (蝾螈) use these cells to regenerate a new tail or leg when the old one is broken off. These cells collect around the wound. They form. a mass called a blastama (胚基). The cells of the blastema begin to change. Some become bone cells, some muscle cells, some skin cells. Slowly, a new part regrows from the body outward. When completed, the new part is just like the old one.
Mote than 200 years ago, Italian scientist Luigi Spallanzani showed that younger animals have a greater ability to regenerate lost parts than older animals. So do animals lower on the ladder of evolutionary development. The major difference seems to be that less-developed animals have more nerves in their tails and legs than humans do in their arms and legs.
Another helpful piece of information was discovered in the late 1600s. Scientists found that when a creature is injured, an electrical current flows around the wound. The strength of the current depends on how severe the wound is and on how much nerve tissue is present.
In 1945, American scientist Meryl Rose tested another idea about regeneration. He thought a new limb might grow only from an open wound. Doctor Rose cut off the front legs of some frogs, below the knee. He kept the wounds wet with a strong salty liquid. This prevented skin from growing over the wounds. The results were surprising. Frogs do not regenerate new legs naturally. But these frogs began to grow new limbs. About half of each cut-off leg grew back again. New bones and muscles developed.
This research has led doctors to new ways of treating cut-off fingers. Doctors have observed, for example, that many children and some adults will regrow the top of a finger if the wound is left open.
The passage indicates that
A．humans can never regenerate limbs.
B．humans might be able to regenerate limbs in the future.
C．human limbs may be regenerated on some animals first.
D．regeneration of human limbs will soon become a reality.
A．refining
B．defining
C．confining
D．declining
【T18】
A. BADLY
B. BE COINED AFTER
C. REFUSE TO
D. HORN 1782 TO 1792 A. HE TREATED HIS POOR TENANTS VERY【T13】______
B. WHO LIVED【T14】______
C. MEANS TO【T15】______ HAVE ANYTHING TO DO WITH SOMEBODY OR SOMETHING
D. A NEW WORD MAY【T16】______ THE INVENTOR OR SCIENTIST ABOUT THREE HUNDRED WORDS IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE COME FORM. THE NAMES OF PEOPL
E. MANY OF THESE WORDS ARE TECHNICAL WORDS. WHEN THERE IS A NEW INVENTION OR DISCOVERY,【T17】______ IT IS INTERESTING TO OBSERVE HOW MANY COMMON ENGLISH WORDS HAVE FOUND THEIR WAY INTO THE LANGUAGE FROM THE NAMES OF PEOPL
E. LORD SANDWICH【T18】______ USED TO SIT AT THE GAMBLING TABLE EATING SLICES OF BREAD IN THAT WAY, SO HIS FRIENDS BEGAN TO CALL THE BREAD "SANDWICH" FOR FU
N. LATER ON THE WORD BECAME PART OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAG
E. THE WORD "BOYCOTT"【T19】______ . IT COMES FROM A MAN CALLED CAPTAIN BOYCOTT. HE WAS A LAND AGENT IN 1880 AND HE COLLECTED RENTS AND TAXES FOR AN ENGLISH LANDOWNER IN IRELAN
D. BUT THE CAPTAIN WAS A VERY HARSH MA
N.【T20】______ HIS TENANTS DECIDED NOT TO SPEAK TO HIM AT ALL. EVENTUALLY WORD GOT BACK TO THE LANDOWNER AND THE CAPTAIN WAS REMOVE
D. THE WORD "BOYCOTT" BECAME POPULAR AND WAS USED BY EVERYONE TO MEAN THE KIND OF TREATMENT THAT WAS RECEIVED BY CAPTAIN BOYCOTT.
