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听力原文：In recent years, linguists（语言学家) and language teachers have begun to describe

听力原文： In recent years, linguists(语言学家) and language teachers have begun to describe language according not only to grammatical structure, using traditional concepts and terms such as the imperative, but also by function. For example, add "please" to the order "Open the window!", and the structure remains imperative. The function of the utterance, however, is now that of polite request.

Function, then, is determined partly by the user's attitude, and is realized by a variety of linguistic and paralinguistic features—vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation, tone of voice, gesture and facial expression. The language learner can often tell the difference easily between certain basic functions—those of command and request, for example. However, learning to use these different functions of language to communicate effectively is not always so easy.

Language function is also determined by the situation in which the language is used. "Be quiet!" coming from a teacher tired of noisy pupils is obviously an order or command. Used by a nervous bank robber to a fellow in crime, when he thinks he has heard a noise which could have been made by a suspicious policeman, the sentence would be a warning. When we look at the imperative in this way, then, we realize that it consists of a small set of structural forms which can fulfill many different functions: commands, prohibitions, warnings, as well as many others.

(30)

A．Grammatical structure.

B．Function.

C．Traditional concepts and terms.

D．Both A and B

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更多“听力原文：In recent years, linguist…”相关的问题

第1题

听力原文：The majority of people participated in the referendum over whether the sale of gu

ns should be stopped in this country, and the result shows that despite the increasing number of violent activities in recent years, the public remained reluctant to totally ban the sale of guns.

(84)

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第2题

听力原文：M: I used to love this restaurant. For years, they had the best Italian food in t

own.

W: I agree. It was one of my favorites too until they hired a new chef and changed.

What did they say about the restaurant？

A．It's the best place to eat.

B．Italian food is the best.

C．They like it all the time.

D．They are disappointed in its recent change.

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第3题

听力原文：W Have you decided where you're going for vacation this year？M I haven't thought

听力原文：W Have you decided where you're going for vacation this year？

M I haven't thought about it much. But Gloria definitely wants to go back to Spain.

W Sounds great. I visited Spain 5 years ago and it was wonderful. I enjoyed it more than Italy or Greece and I've always wanted to go back. So when were you last there？

M We've gone the last two summers. Two years ago we went to Madrid and last year we toured the south. This year Gloria wants to go see the northern part of the country.

What are the speakers mainly discussing？

A．The woman's recent trip

B．The best places to travel

C．The man's vacation plans

D．The best time of year to travel

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第4题

听力原文：Cambridge must be one of the best-known towns in the world, and can be found on m

听力原文： Cambridge must be one of the best-known towns in the world, and can be found on most tourists' lists of places to visit. The main reason for its fame is its universities which started during the 13th century and grew steadily. Until today there are more than twenty colleges.

The oldest college is Peterhouse, which was founded in 1284, and the most recent is Robinson College, which was opened in 1977. The most famous is probably King's College, because of its magnificent church.

The university was exclusively for men until 1871 when the first women's college was opened. Another was opened two years later and a third in 1954. In the 1960s, most colleges opened their doors to both men and women. Almost all the colleges are now mixed, but it will be many years before there are equal numbers of both sexes.

What is the main reason why Cambridge is one of the best-known towns in the world？

A．Because it is a favorite place for tourists.

B．Because it has a famous university.

C．Because the town was started in the 13th century.

D．Because the university has twenty well-known colleges.

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第5题

听力原文：Science fiction is one of the most popular books today. Hundreds of tides are pub

听力原文： Science fiction is one of the most popular books today. Hundreds of tides are published every year and are read by all kinds of people. Furthermore, some of the most successful films of recent years have been based on science fiction stories. Science fiction is not a fairly new development in literature, its ancestors can be found in books written hundreds of years ago. Modern science fiction writers don't write a bout men from Mars or space adventure stories. They are more interested in predicting the results of technical developments on science and the human mind; or in imagining future worlds which are a reflection of the world which we live in now. Because of this their writing has obvious political undertones. In an age where science fact frequently overtakes science fiction, the writer may find it difficult to keep ahead of scientific advances.

(33)

A．Science fiction is not a fairly new in literature.

B．Science fiction is very popular with people today.'

C．Science fiction only deals with terrible ideas.,

D．Many successful films are based on science fiction stories.

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第6题

听力原文：（9) The labor problems were the latest had news for an industry that has been hit

听力原文： (9) The labor problems were the latest had news for an industry that has been hit in recent times by high production costs and slumping demand. Tea industry officials say wages are lower in other teaproducing nations. Labor costs account for more than half the total cost of tea production. The India Tea Association's deputy secretary, Pranjal Neog, says Indian tea, once predominant in world markets, has been steadily losing out as a result. The tea industry says it is also facing problems in the domestic market, which consumes 70% of the beverage being produced in the country. In recent years, (9) demand has stagnated or even declined in some areas due to the growing popularity of such beverages as soft drinks—particularly among younger people. Indian tea has traditionally dominated world markets since a tew cases were exported to Britain in the mid-19th century. (10) But now, says tea growers, they only see tough times ahead.

The tea industry declined in India due to all the following reasons EXCEPT

A．falling demand.

B．increasing popularity of soft drinks.

C．high production costs.

D．lower wages paid to domestic tea growers.

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第7题

听力原文：In recent years, many Americans of both sexes and various ages hove become intere

听力原文： In recent years, many Americans of both sexes and various ages hove become interested in improving their bodies. They hove become devoted to physical fitness..

Many people hove a strong desire to be more physically fit. By nature, Americans are enthusiastic and energetic about hobbies Or pastimes.

Many of them apply this enthusiasm, optimism, and energy to running. As a result, there are running clubs to join and numerous books and magazines to read about running.

The desire to be physically fit is explained by a "passion" for good health. The high rate of heart attacks in the 1960s caused an increase of interest in improving the human body.

Middleaged men especially suffer from heart attacks. Thus, there is a group which strongly interested in more physical exercises. In fact, many doctors encourage their patients to become more physically active, especially those who hove inactive jobs. It is interesting to note that the rate of heart attacks began to decrease between 1972 and 1974 and it is still decreasing. Physical fitness has now become a new "love" of Americans. Will it last long？. Only time will tell or until another "new passion" comes along.

(20)

A．Because of their love for hobbies and pastimes.

B．Because of their enthusiasm for sports.

C．Because of their fear of heart attacks.

D．Because of their strong desire for good health.

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第8题

听力原文：These days, lots of products are being designed with reuse or recycling in mind a

nd I believe, in general, people are much more aware of environmental problems. In some countries, like Sweden for instance, they have put a tax on black rubbish bags, so that people are encouraged not just to throw things straight in the bin, and to reduce their rubbish. The situation has improved in recent years, mainly because of new laws with tighter controls and higher standards. Having said that, individuals and businesses still need to work very hard to reduce and recycle waste.

What is the topic？

A．Product design

B．Swedish rubbish

C．Recycling

D．The need to work very hard

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第9题

听力原文：In the 1930s, archaeologists discovered spear points in the New Mexico town of Cl

听力原文： In the 1930s, archaeologists discovered spear points in the New Mexico town of Clovis, dated from around 13,000 years ago. The individuals who made them have since become known as the "Clovis people" and are believed by many to have been the first people to enter North America.

The "Clovis first" theory proposes that around 14,000 years ago people traveled across a land bridge that existed between Siberia and Alaska. Once in North America, their journey took them through a corridor that opened up between the ice sheets in Western Canada making them the first to be able to enter the interlor of the continent. It's an elegant and almost biblical explanation; but more recent fossil finds question the theory. Some researchers believe the first people entered North America much earlier—perhaps as long as 20,000-30,000 years ago.

In more recent years, the Pacific coast has been seen as an alternative route of entry-possibly at an earlier date than the Clovis. There is little direct evidence to support this, but fossil evidence from the islands of south-east Alaska tells us that this region, or part of it, was free of ice and may have been a refuge for animals throughout the ice age.

If animals such as bears and foxes lived here then why not people？ Fossilized human remains have been found on Alaska's Prince of Wales Island and much further south on the Channel Islands off California. These are thought to be as old as some of the Clovis .finds and it may only be a matter of time before older remains are discovered.

If people did travel down the coasts between islands, they must have used boats. Although the coastal route still lacks a lot of hard evidence, the relatively recent discovery of a stone tool off the coast of British Columbia has added support to the idea.

Why are "Clovis people" believed to first enter North America？

A．Some fossils have been discovered.

B．They were found to have lived in the area known as the refuge during the ice age.

C．Some spear points were discovered.

D．It is in accordance with the biblical explanation.

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