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[主观题]
Someone may consider that it becomes more natural for us to read memoirs than ever before
because our critical faculties are ready．
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更多“Someone may consider that it b…”相关的问题
Down-to-earth persons may be【34】______members of society, of course. But they do not let their importance "【35】______to their heads". They do not consider themselves to be better persons than【36】______of less importance. Someone who is filled with his own importance and pride, 【37】______without cause, is said to have "his nose in the air". There is【38】______way a person with his nose in the air can be down-to-earth.
Americans【39】______another expression that means almost the same as " down-to-earth". The expression is " both-feet-on-the-ground". Someone【40】______both-feet-on-the-ground is a person with a good understanding【41】______reality. He has what is called "common sense, " he may have dreams, 【42】______he does not allow them to block his knowledge of【43】______is real.
The opposite kind of【44】______is one who has his " head-in-the-clouds". A man with his head-in-the-clouds is a dreamer【45】______mind is not in the real world.
【46】______, such a dreamer can be brought back to earth. Sharp words from teacher can usually【47】______a day-dreaming student down-to-earth.
Usually, the person who is down-to-earth is very【48】______ to have both feet on the ground.【49】______we have both our feet on the ground, when we are down-to-earth, we act honestly and openly【50】______others. Our lives are like the ground below us, solid and strong.
(31)
Face Masks May not Protect from Super-flu
1. If a super-flu strikes, face masks may not protect you. Whether widespread use of masks will help, or harm, during the next worldwide flu outbreak is a question that researchers are studying furiously. No results have come from their mask research yet. However, the government says people should consider wearing them in certain situations anyway, just in case.
2. But it's a question the public keeps asking while the government are making preparations for the next flu pandemic.So the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) came up with preliminary guidelines. "We don't want people wearing them everywhere," said the CDC."The overall recommendation really is to avoid exposure."
3. When that's not possible, the guidelines say to consider wearing a simple surgical mask if you are in one of the three following situations. First, you're healthy and can't avoid going to a crowded place. Second, you're sick and think you may have close contract with the healthy, such as a family member checking on you. Third, you live with someone who's sick and thus might be in the early stages of infection, but still need to go out.
4. Influenza pandemics can strike when the easy-to-mutate flu virus shifts to a strain that people never have experienced.Scientists cannot predict when the next pandemic will arrive, although concern is rising that the Asian bird flu might trigger one if it starts spreading easily from person to person.
5. During the flu pandemic, you should protect yourself. Avoid crowds, and avoid close contract with the sick unless you must care for someone. Why can't mask added to this self-protection list？ Be- cause they help trap virus-laden droplets flying through the air with a cough or sneeze. Simple surgical masks only filter the larger droplets. Besides, the CDC is afraid？ masks may create a false sense of security. Perhaps someone who should have stayed home would don an ill-fitting mask and hop on the subway instead.
6. Nor does flu only spread through the air. Say someone covers a sneeze with his or her hand, then touches a doorknob or subway pole. If you touch that spot next and then put germy hands on your nose or mouth, you've been exposed.It's harder to rub your nose while wearing a mask and so your face may get pretty sweaty under masks. You reach under to wipe that sweat, and may transfer germs caught on the outside of the mask straight to the nose. These are the problems face masks may create for their, users.
7. Whether people should or should not use face masks still remains a question. The general public has to wait patiently for the results of the mask research scientists are still doing.
A. Reasons for Excluding Masks from the Self-protection List
B. Effort to Stop Flu Spreading
C. When to Use Face Masks
D. Guidelines on Mask Use
E. Warnings from the CDC F. Danger of Infection through Germy Hands and Masks
Paragraph 2______
Most Workers are paid by the hour or by the day. In some industries, however, the【C10】______speed can be controlled by the individual, and【C11】______is based on "piece rates". The【C12】______type of piece rate is a specific amount of money for each item produced, but most incentive(激励的) system are more【C13】______. For example, an employee may received a standard base rate【C14】______additional pay for items produced over a given【C15】______. The rate of extra pay may vary,【C16】______ with each subsequent item produced.【C17】______the worker may receive a bonus for the amount of time saved in performing a【C18】______. Developing a satisfactory incentive system requires that trained experts determine【C19】______workers can reasonably be expected to produce and what【C20】______be considered fair rates of pay for producing different amounts.
【C1】
A．person
B．opening
C．company
D．search
Face Masks May not Protect from Super-flu
If a super-flu strikes, face masks may not protect you. Whether widespread use of masks will help, or harm, during the next worldwide flu outbreak is a question that researchers are studying furiously. No results have come from their mask research yet. However, the government says people should consider wearing them in certain situations anyway, just in case.
But it's a question the public keeps asking while the government are making preparations for the next flu pandemic. So the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) came up with preliminary guidelines. "We don't want people wearing them everywhere, " said the CDC. "The overall recommendation really is to avoid exposure. "
When that's not possible, the guidelines say to consider wearing a simple surgical mask if you are in one of the three following situations. First, you're healthy and can't avoid going to a crowded place. Second, you're sick and think you may have close contract with the healthy, such as a family member checking on you. Third, you live with someone who's sick and thus might be in the early stages of infection, but still need to go out.
Influenza (流行性感冒) pandemics (全国流行的) can strike (打击) when the easy-to-mutate flu virus shifts to a strain that people never have experience D. Scientists cannot predict when the next pandemic will arrive, although concern is rising that the Asian bird flu might trigger one if it starts spreading easily from person to person.
During the flu pandemic, you should protect yourself. Avoid crowds, and avoid close contract with the sick unless you must care for someone. Why can't mask added to this self-protection list？ Because they help trap virus-laden droplets flying through the air with a cough or sneeze (打喷嚏). Simple surgical masks only filter the larger droplets (小滴). Besides, the CDC is afraid？ masks may create a false sense of security. Perhaps someone who should have stayed home would don an ill-fitting (不合的) mask and hop on the subway instead.
Nor does flu only spread through the air. Say someone covers a sneeze with his or her hand, then touches a doorknob or subway pole. If you touch that spot next and then put germy hands on your nose or mouth, you've been exposed. It's harder to rub your nose while wearing a mask and so your face may get pretty sweaty under masks. You reach under to wipe that sweat, and may transfer germs caught on the outside of the mask straight to the nose. These are the problems face masks may create for their users.
Whether people should or should not use face masks still remains a question. The general public has to wait patiently for the results of the mask research scientists are still doing.
A. Reasons for Excluding Masks from the Self-protection List
B. Effort to Stop Flu Spreading
C. When to Use Face Masks
D. Guidelines on Mask Use
E. Warnings from the CDC
F. Danger of Infection through Germy Hands and Masks
Paragraph 2 ______
When Americans are talking, they expect others to respond to what they are saying. To Americans, polite conversationalists empathize by displaying expressions of excitement or disgust, shock or sadness. People with a "poker face ", whose emotions are hidden by a deadpan expression, are looked upon with suspicion. Americans also indicate their attentiveness in a conversation by raising their eyebrows, nodding, smiling politely and maintaining good eye contact. Whereas some cultures view direct eye contact as impolite or threatening, Americans see it as a sign of genuineness and honesty. If a person doesn't look you in the eye, American might say, you should question his motives or assume that he doesn't like you. Yet with all the concern for eye contact, Americans still consider staring — especially at strangers — to be rude.
What the author discussed in the previous section is most probably about？
A．Classification of nonverbal communication.
B．The reasons why people should think about space.
C．The relationship between communication and space.
D．Some other cultural aspects of nonverbal communication.
Will chips one day be planted in our bodies for identification？
A US doctor has planted under his skin a computer chip (芯片) that can send personal information to a scanner(扫描仪) ,a technology that may someday be widely used as a way to identify (识别) people. The chip gives off information which will be scanned by a hand-held reader.
The chip is similar to that planted in more than 1 million dogs, cats and other pets in recent years to track and identify them.
The doctor decided to test the chip himself after the World Trade Center disaster(灾难). The dead could have been identified if their names and other important information had been chipped.
Officials of the company said they hope to sell the chips to patients with man-made arms or legs or other body parts. The idea is that the chip will provide immediate and correct medical information when it is needed.
The information can contain name, telephone number and other information. So it can send out a message that, when connected to a computer, can call up records. The scanner can read it through clothes from over a meter away. The new product also could be used to control prisoners. Workplaces of great importance may want to use the chips for employees, too. Some parents may consider planting chips in young children or elderly relatives who may be unable to say their names, addresses or telephone numbers.Some medical and technology specialists said the product raises new questions about the relationship between humans and computer technology and could cause problems if it is used against someone's wishes, or if your personal information is read by those who should not see it.
According to the text, computer chips have already been used to______.
A．catch escaped prisoners
B．find missing children
C．follow lost animals
D．treat sick people
&8226;Read the article below about setting up the appraisal scheme.
&8226;Choose the best sentence from the opposite page to fill each of the gaps.
&8226;For each gap (8--12), mark one letter (A-G) on your Answer Sheet.
&8226;Do not use any letter more than once.
Setting up an appraisal scheme
Appraisals can be a wonderful opportunity for your staff to focus on their jobs and make plans to develop their unused potential. They can also be a means of getting the best out of staff, both as individuals, and as team members. So, if you have decided that an appraisal scheme should be set up in your company, you need to establish some formal procedures and make some decisions before you begin. Even if your company already has a scheme, you need to consider what you want to achieve and how you are going to do this.
First of all, you need to decide on your key objectives and the real purpose of your scheme. (8) A scheme should never be introduced at a time of redundancies, or simply for profit or competitive edge, because this will create fear and alienate staff. The next step is to decide how the scheme can most successfully be managed. It is essential that all senior staff are committed to the process and willing to make a positive contribution.
The person given responsibility for designing the scheme and the appraisal forms needs to have knowledge of all roles within the organisation. He or she must also be aware of employees' potential needs. (9) It should be someone who is trusted and whom staff will turn to if they are concerned about their appointed appraiser or the appraisal interview. The design of the scheme should indicate who will be appraising whom. This needs great tact and sensitivity. First, remember that no manager can effectively appraise more than seven or eight people. It is equally important to remember that, if significant numbers of staff are appraised by someone they dislike, or by a person whose values they do not share, the success of your scheme may be threatened. (10) So bear this in mind from the beginning and, if necessary, establish an appeals procedure.
Having decided on your policy and who will appraise which members of staff, you need to communicate this in the simplest possible way. Avoid lengthy documents - few people will read them. (11) Host organisations choose a person's line manager to be the appraiser. This can be seen as an opportunity or a threat, so be ready to consider alternatives if necessary. Once you have established the appraisal process, make sure that appraisal interviews take place at a convenient time, and ideally on neutral ground. It should be borne in mind that some appraisals may involve the disclosure of confidential information. (12) These will show the decisions that were taken during the interview and will also indicate any new performance targets that have been agreed.
A It is important to select a manager who can deal effectively with any suspicions staff may have about appraisals.
B Such a measure can also reduce insecurity and unite staff in recognising the positive elements of appraisal.
C Having even one staff member in such a position may affect how others respond to the process.
D Ideally, this should be to provide a supportive framework that aids staff development.
E Simply make sure that staff know who will appraise them and why, and what form. the interview will take.
F It is therefore important to decide who will have access to written records of the appraisal.
G They can also be a means of getting the best out of staff, both as individuals, and as team members.
(8)
？Read the article about goods and services.
？For each Question 31-40, write one word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your Answer Sheet.
Most of the activity of our economic system is connected with the production and consumption of goods and services. A commodity is anything that (31) human needs. The bread that I eat, the shoes that I wear, the house that I live in are all goods. Individual (32) will differ, of course. I do not happen to care for roses, but as long as someone does, they are a good. Two conditions are (33) for the existence of a good: a human need and a means to meet that need.
Goods may be divided into two main (34) : free goods and economic goods. Free goods are those that are so much supplied by nature that no human effort is (35) to get them. Economic goods are those that are so scarce and relative to human wants that human effort is required to get them. It will be (36) to the reader that whether a commodity falls in the part of free goods or economic goods will depend upon the (37) . On a small island, coconuts might be considered a free good. But when we consider the effort necessary to gather and (38) them, coconuts in New York City are an economic good. Probably the only goods that are free goods under nearly all circumstances are (39) air and sunshine.
A service is any nonmaterial good. The acts of the barber who cuts my hair, and of the railroad that carries me to Chicago are services. Since (40) are generally consumed at the same time that they are produced, it is sometimes convenient to draw a distinction between them.
(31)
【C6】______, scientists have concluded that people throughout the world experience six basic emotions: anger, fear, disgust, happiness, surprise, and sadness. Moreover, people everywhere can easily【C7】______ these emotions in the facial expressions. This apparent【C8】______ means that much of our emotional life is universal—rather than culturally variable—and that the display of emotion is biologically programmed【C9】______ determined by our environment.
But even if the reality of emotions is rooted【C10】______ our biology, there are three ways【C11】______ emotional life differs throughout the world. First,【C12】______ causes a specific emotion varies from one society to another.【C13】______ people define a particular situation as an insult (causing anger), a loss (calling forth sadness), or a mystical event (causing surprise) depends on the cultural surroundings of the individual.
Second, people conform【C14】______ the norms of their culture when displaying emotion. Every society has rules about when, where, and【C15】______ an individual may show certain emotions.【C16】______, people in the United States typically expect children to express emotions to parents, though adults are taught to guard their emotions in front of children.
Third, a society affects how people cope with emotions. Some societies encourage the expression of feelings,【C17】______ others require a calmer style. of behaviour. For example, in America, when someone【C18】______ an old friend after a long period of time, the two may hug each other. In other countries, they may only shake hands. Societies also display【C19】______ male/female differences in this regard. In England, most people consider emotional expression as a sign of weakness in men. In other societies,【C20】______, this emotional expression is even respected.
【C1】
A．grow
B．like
C．become
D．expect
Privacy Worry May Keep HIV Patients from Therapy
Patients infected with HIV are often concerned about the confidentiality of their HIV-positive status. In fact, some patients are so worried that they will actually give up treatment to prevent the release of this information, according to a report published in the August issue of AIDS Care.
Dr. Kathryn Whetten-Goldstein and colleagues from Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, studied the confidentiality issues of 15 HIV-infected patients from rural North Carolina locations. They were divided into groups designed to explore their attitudes toward, and experiences with, breaches in confidentiality.
"The fear of a breach in confidentiality is definitely affecting the care that HIV-infected patients receive," Whetten-Goldstein said. "Most studied patients had experienced or knew someone who had experienced a breach in confidentiality."
"Two types of breaches occurred," Whetten-Goldstein noted. "The first was a more obvious type of breach. One example was a nurse who told her child that her patient was HIV-positive out of concern that her child would play with the patient's child."
"The other type of breach was more subtle, one that providers might not consider breaches," Whetten-Goldstein explained. "This type of breach involves providers talking about a patient's HIV status without the patient's knowledge of the interaction."
"The law allows the sharing of information between providers within the same institution, but patient's consent must be obtained before providers at different institutions can share information," she pointed out.
"Patients in the study wanted providers to tell them when they are going to share information with other providers and why it is being done," Whetten-Goldstein said. "They also felt that providers should be punished when a breach occurs."
"However, because patients are often reluctant to seek legal action which may further expose their status, they felt that the system should regulate itself," she added.
All patients in the study refuse to receive any treatment because of the possibility to expose their HIV status.
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not mentioned
