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更多“The Japanese culture is a typi…”相关的问题
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not mentioned
According to Paragraph 4 we may say that ______.
A．a certain pattern of behavior. can work well only in a given culture
B．the American concept about a job is superior to that of the Japanese
C．the Japanese concept about a job is superior to that of the American
D．a particular pattern of management behavior. results in unique cultural factors
The Japanese were able to take Deming's ideas on board readily because ______ .
A．they needed to rebuild their country
B．they had been defeated and needed new ideas
C．their own culture made it easy to identify with his ideas
D．they were a cultural nation
？Read the following article about culture in business negotiation and the questions.
？For each question (15-20), mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet.
Negotiation is a common and necessary process in concluding an international transaction. Businesspeople from different cultures may sometimes find themselves in an awkward position owing to the cultural conflict. As a matter of fact, when two parties of different cultures sit at the negotiation table, two cultures are conflicting. Cultural conflict may result in a failure of a deal or loss of opportunity or loss of profits. For example, foreigners with some knowledge about Chinese culture will avoid making an appointment with Chinese businesspeople to negotiate during the traditional Chinese Spring Festival, especially on the New Year's Eve and in the following three days, as Chinese people think that it is not the time to make money during the Festival. On the other hand, they need relaxation after a whole year's hard work.
Cultural elements influence the style, method, pace, and goals of the negotiators. The negotiators must remain alert to not only the culture of the society represented but the personal views and outlook of the negotiator across the negotiation table and even across wire (talking on the phone).
Negotiation between businesspeople is an activity of cross-cultural communication, and closely linked with communication is the accommodation of differences in negotiating styles. Some cultures are more formal than others, others more confrontational; some will be understated, others inclined to exaggeration; some more conscious of status and far less egalitarian than Americans, others so circumspect (to save face and preserve harmony as to leave a typical Western businessman baffled in trying to find out the intent).
Understanding manners and customs is especially important in negotiations because misunderstanding manners or customs of another culture may result in poor outcomes or even disasters.
To negotiate effectively in cross-culture negotiation, all types of communication should be read correctly. For example, Americans often interpret inaction and silence as negative sign. Japanese managers tend to expect that their silence can get Americans to lower prices or sweeten a deal. Even a simple agreement may take days to negotiate in the Middle East because the Arab party may want to talk about unrelated issues or do something else for a while. The aggressive style. of Russian negotiators and their usual last-minute change requests may cause astonishment and concern on the part of ill-prepared negotiators. The following examples may further show how culture conflicts damage international trade transactions.
At the negotiation table, Western business negotiation group leader found the Japanese negotiation leader nodding his head after he made his offer to the Japanese negotiator, so he thought the Japanese business counterpart agreed to their offer, and he took out the contract, hoping to conclude the negotiation by signing the sales contract. But, to his great astonishment, the Japanese counterpart did not show any sign of signing the contract. The Western business negotiation group leader, however, felt offended. He thought the Japanese counterpart was not serious. The negotiation then ended resultless.
The process of decision making is varied. The time taken to make one decision will depend on whether such authority is centralized, assigned to a committee of technical people, routed through a network within the organization, or entirely delegated to the negotiator. For example, again it is concerned with the negotiation between the Japanese businesspeople and an American group. After being offered the price, The Japanese negotiators habitually remained silent f
A．negotiation is very important in international business.
B．differences in culture in negotiation cannot be neglected.
C．businesspeople must negotiate carefully.
D．culture is very important.
In order to fully understand Hoshin Kanri and Kaizen ______ .
A．you need to understand Japanese culture
B．you will have to read about experiments
C．you must read practical case studies about them
D．you need to see how they are applied in practice in addition to reading about them
Otaku (御宅族) is a Japanese term used to refer to people, most commonly young people, who spend almost all their time indoors watching television, surfing the Internet and playing games. Nowadays, many otaku turn up in universities. Some people assert it is a fashion while others consider it as escaping reality. Whats your opinion？ Write a composition of about 200 words on the following topic: "Otaku Culture" , a Kind of Fashion or Escaping Reality？
•For each Question 15-20, mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet for the answer you choose.
Negotiation is a common and necessary process in concluding an international transaction. Businesspeople from different cultures may sometimes find themselves in an awkward position owing to the cultural conflict. As a matter of fact, when two parties of different cultures sit at the negotiation table, two cultures are conflicting. Cultural conflict may result in a failure of a deal or loss of opportunity or loss of profits. For example, foreigners with some knowledge about Chinese culture will avoid making an appointment with Chinese businesspeople to negotiate during the traditional Chinese Spring Festival, especially on the New Year's Eve and in the following three days, as Chinese people think that it is not the time to make money during the Festival. On the other hand, they need relaxation after a whole year's hard work.
Cultural elements influence the style, method, pace, and goals of the negotiators. The negotiators must remain alert to not only the culture of the society represented hut the personal views and outlook of the negotiator across the negotiation table and even across wire (talking on the phone).
Negotiation between businesspeople is an activity of cross cultural communication, and closely linked with communication is the accommodation of differences in negotiating styles. Some cultures are more formal than others, others more confrontational; some will be understated. others inclined to exaggeration; some more conscious of status and far less egalitarian than Americans, others so circumspect (to save face and preserve harmony as to leave a typical Western businessman baffled in trying to find out the intent).
Understanding manners and customs is especially important in negotiations because misunderstanding manners or customs of another culture may result in poor outcomes or even disasters.
To negotiate effectively in cross-culture negotiation, all types of communication should be read correctly. For example, Americans often interpret inaction and silence as negative sign. Japanese managers tend to expect that their silence can get Americans to lower prices or sweeten a deal. Even a simple agreement may take days to negotiate in the Middle East because the Arab party may want to talk about unrelated issues or do something else for a while. The aggressive style. of Russian negotiators and their usual last-minute change requests may cause astonishment and concern on the part of ill-prepared negotiators. The following examples may further show how culture conflicts damage international trade transactions.
At the negotiation table, Western business negotiation group leader found the Japanese negotiation leader nodding his head after he made his offer to the Japanese negotiator, so he thought the Japanese business counterpart agreed to their offer, and he took out the contract, hoping to conclude the negotiation by signing the sales contract. But, to his great astonishment, the Japanese counterpart did not show any sign of signing the contract. The Western business negotiation group leader, however, felt offended. He thought the Japanese counterpart was not serious. The negotiation then ended resultless.
The process of decision making is varied. The time taken to make one decision will depend on whether such authority is centralized, assigned to a committee of technical people, routed through a network within the organization, or entirely delegated to the negotiator. For example, again it is concerned with the negotiation between the Japanese businesspeople and an American group. After being offered the price, the Japanese negotiators habitually remained silent for some time. The Am
A．negotiation is very important in international business
B．differences in culture in negotiation cannot be neglected
C．businesspeople must negotiate carefully
D．culture is very important
It can be inferred from the first paragraph that？？？______.
A．American auto plants have lower efficiency because they often have fewer workers
B．American auto plants cannot improve their efficiency by hiring Japanese workers
C．Japanese auto makers achieve higher productivity because of their unique culture
D．Japanese auto makers will see a lower efficiency if they hire American workers
听力原文：M: Say, Lisa, what are you watching？
W: An old Japanese film. I'm going to spend next year there, so I'd better start familiarizing myself with the culture (23) .
M: You mean you are accepted into the program？
W: Sure was.
M: That's wonderful. You must be very-excited.
W: Excited and nervous. You know I owe a lot to Professor Whitehead. He wrote a letter of recommendation for me and he bought me some tapes and books so I can work on my basic conversation skills (24) .
M: How much Japanese can you understand？
W: Not a lot right now. But I signed up for Intensive Japanese this semester.
M: I wish I were as talented as you are in foreign languages. I'd love to study abroad.
W: Then why don't you？ The university has lots of overseas programs that don't require mastery of a foreign language. The tuition is about the same. You just have to be the kind of person who is willing to accept new culture and who can also adapt to a different kind of life style. (25) .
M: Really？ I might check into this.
W: You won't regret it.
(20)
A．Taping some music.
B．Watching a film.
C．Making a video recording.
D．Writing a letter.
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇
31 Which statement is NOT true of Yamamoto Mika？
A She has never been to China
B She is a Japanese student
C She loves Chinese culture
D She wants you to understand her life
Passage Two
Questions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.
听力原文
Passage Two While Gail Opp-Kemp, an American artist, was giving a speech on the art of
Japanese brush painting to an audience that included visitors from Japan, she was confused
to see that many of her Japanese listeners had their eyes closed. Were they turned off
because an American had the nerve to instruct Japanese in their own art form？ Were they
deliberately trying to signal their rejection of her？ Opp-Kemp later found out that her
listeners were not being disrespectful. Japanese listeners sometimes close their eyes to
enhance concentration. Her listeners were showing their respect for her by chewing on her
words. Someday you may be either a speaker or a listener in a situation involving people
from other countries or members of a minority group in North America. Learning how
different cultures signal respect can help you avoid misunderstandings. Here are some
examples: In the deaf culture of North America, many listeners show applause not by
clapping their hands but by waving them in the air. In some cultures, both overseas and in
some minority groups in North America, listeners are considered disrespectful if they look
directly at the speaker. Respect is shown by looking in the general direction but avoiding
direct eye contact. In some countries, whistling by listeners is a sign of approval, while
in other countries, it is a form. of insult.
Questions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.
20. What did Opp-Kemp’s speech focus on？
A.The art of Japanese brush painting.
B.Some features of Japanese culture.
C.Characteristics of Japanese artists.
D.The uniqueness of Japanese art.
