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根据短文回答 36～40 题。 Life in the Universe Many scientists today are convinced that

根据短文回答 36～40 题。

Life in the Universe

Many scientists today are convinced that life exists elsewhere in the universe － life probably much like that on our own planet. They reason in the folio, wing way.

As far as astronomers (天文学家) can determine, the entire universe is built of the same matter. They have no reason to doubt that matter obeys the same laws in every part of the universe. Therefore, it is reasonable to guess that other stars, with their own planets, were born in the same way as our own solar system. What we know of life on earth suggests that life will arise wherever the proper conditions exist.

Life requires the right amount and kind of atmosphere. This .eliminates all those planets in the universe that are not about the same size and weight as the earth. A smaller planet would lose its atmosphere; a larger one would hold too much of it.

Life also requires a steady supply of heat and light. This eliminates double stars, or tars that flare up (闪耀) suddenly. Only single stab that are steady sources of heat and light like our sun would qualify.

Finally, life could evolve only if the planet is just the right distance from its sun. With a weaker sun than our own, the planet would have to be closer to it. With a stronger sun, it would have to be farther away.

If we suppose that every star in the universe has a family of planets, then how many planets might support life？ First, eliminate those stars that are not like our sun. Next, eliminate most of their planets; they are either too far from or too close to their suns. Then eliminate all those planets which are not the same size and weight as the earth. Finally, remember that the proper conditions do not necessarily mean that life actually does exist on a planet. It may not have begun yet, or it may have already died out.

This process of elimination seems to leave very few planets on which earthlike life might be found. However, even if life could exist on only one planet in a million, there are so many billions of planets that this would still leave a vast number on which life could exist.

第 36 题 Astronomers believe that matter in different parts of the universe（）

A．obeys different laws

B．obeys one common law

C．obeys the same laws

D．obeys no common law

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第1题
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第2题
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第6题
根据下列材料请回答 36～40 题: 第 36 题 Since 1 955，life expectancy rates in the U．S．

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第7题
根据短文回答 36～40 题。 Dancing in the Streets If there is one thing certain to get B

根据短文回答 36～40 题。

Dancing in the Streets

If there is one thing certain to get Brazilians on their feet, it is the Rio Carnival (狂欢节). Held in Rio de Janeiro, the country's biggest city, the carnival began on February 20 when the mayor gave key of the city to Rei Momo -- the Lord of Misrule (无序之皇).

On his orders, each year people turn the city into a paradise of dance and music. The following six days are so full of parades, street dancing, fantastic clothes and partying (聚 会) that many people forget about eating and sleeping.

"It was the passion of the carnival that attracted me to Brazil and made me settle down in Rio," said Bob Nadkarni, a British man who has lived in the city for several years. For many Brazilians, the centrepiece of the carnival is samba (桑巴舞), a typical Brazilian dance. Every year, tens of thousands of visitors and locals show off their passion and energy in the streets, following the beat (节拍) of the Latin music.

The climax to this street party is the float (彩车) parade, in which floats decorated with tons of fresh flowers by various samba schools and local communities move through the city. On the top of each float stands the candidate for the Drum Queen, who is chosen at the end of the party.

While most people are free to enjoy the celebrations, Rio's police officers have to keep a clear head. Following the murder of three officers in a gunfight early last week, the Brazilian Government has tightened security in Rio. The street fighting, robbery and sex crimes that accompany the carnival are very difficult to police.

Carnivals began in ancient Rome as a celebration at which people fed wild wolves, in honors of the city's founder who was said to have been raised by a she-wolf. Brazil gave new life to this tradition and so, despite the troubles, the carnival will remain a symbol of the country's culture.

第 36 题 According to the passage, during the Carnival people in Rio did all of the following EXCEPT（）.

A．dancing in the streets

B．putting on colorful clothes

C．eating a lot of food

D．holding exciting parades

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第8题
根据短文回答 36～40 题。 New Foods and the New World In the last 500 years, nothing ab

根据短文回答 36～40 题。

New Foods and the New World

In the last 500 years, nothing about people -- not their clothes, ideas, or languages! Has changed as much as what they eat. The original chocolate drink was made from the seeds of the cocoa tree (可可树) by South American Indians. The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the world during the 1500's. And although it was very expensive, it quickly became fashionable. In London, shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still exist today,

The potato is also from the New World. Around 1600, the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe, where it soon was widely grown. Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the "Potato Famine (饥荒)" of 1845 -- 1846, and thousands more were forced to leave their homeland and move to America.

There are many other foods that have traveled from South America to the Old world. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the world's largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries. w But it is native to Ethiopia, a country in Africa. It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400's.

According to an Arabic legend, coffee was discovered when a person named Kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee bush. He tried one and experienced the "wide-awake" feeling that one-third of the world's population now starts the day with.

第 36 题 According to the passage, which of the following has changed the most in the last？

500 years？（）

A．Food

B．Clothing

C．Ideology

D．Language

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第9题
根据短文回答 36～40 题。 The Cherokee Nation Long before the white man came to America

根据短文回答 36～40 题。

The Cherokee Nation

Long before the white man came to America,the land belonged to the American Indian nations.The nation of the Cherokees lived in what is now the southeastern part of the United States.

After the white man came,the Cherokees copied many of their ways.One Cherokee named Sequoyah saw how important reading and writing were to the white man.He decided to invent a way to write down the spoken Cherokee language.He began by making word pictures.For each word he drew a picture.But that proved impossible-there were just too many words.Then he took the 85 sounds that made up the language.Using his own imagination and an English spelling book,Sequoyah invented a sign for each sound.His alphabet proved amazingly easy to learn.Before long,many Cherokees knew how to read and write in their own language.By 1828,they were even printing their own newspaper.

In 1830.the U.S.Congress passed a law.It allowed the government to remove Indians from their lands.The Cherokees refused to go.They had lived on their lands for centuries.It belonged to them.Why should they go to a strange land far beyond the Mississippi River？

The army was sent to drive the Cherokees out.Soldiers surrounded their villages and marched them at gunpoint(在枪口的威胁下)into the western territory.The sick,the old and the small children went in carts,along with their belongings.The rest of the people marched on foot or rode on horseback.It was November,yet many of them still wore their summer clothes.Cold and hungry, the Cherokees were quickly exhausted by the hardships of the journey.Many dropped dead and were buried by the roadside. When the last group arrived in their new home in March 1839,more than 4,000 had died.It was indeed a march of death.

第 36 题 The Cherokees used to live（）

A．by the roadside.

B．in the southeastern part of the US.

C．beyond the Mississippi River.

D．in the western territory.

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第10题
根据短文回答 36～40 题。 Valuing Childhood The value of childhood is easily blurred（模

根据短文回答 36～40 题。

Valuing Childhood

The value of childhood is easily blurred(模糊)in today's world.Consider some recent developments：The child。murderers in the Jonesboro。Ark.schoolyard shooting case were convicted and sentenced.Two boys,7 and 8.were charged in the murder of an 11-year-old girl in Chic ago.

Children who commit horrible crimes appear to act of their own will.Yet,as legal proceedings in Jonesboro showed,the one boy who was able to address the court couldn't begin to explain his acts。though he tried to apologize.There may have been a motive-"youthful jealousy and resentment.But a deeper question remains：Why did these boys and others in similar trouble apparently lack any inner, moral restraint？

That question echoes for the accused in Chicago,young as they are.They wanted

the girl's bicycle,a selfish impulse common enough among kids.

Redemption(拯救)is a practical necessity。How can value be restored to young lives？ Distorted by acts of violence？ The boys in Jonesboro and in Chicago will be confined in institutions for a relatively short time.Despite horror at what was done,children are not—cannot be—dealt with as adults,not if a people wants to consider itself civilized.That's why politicians' cries for adult treatment of youthful criminals ultimately miss the point.

But the moral void(真空)that invites violence has many sources.Family instability contributes.So does economic stress.That void,however, can be filled.The work starts with parents,who have to ask themselves whether they're doing enough to give their children a firm sense of right and wrong.Are they really monitoring their activities.s and their developing processes of thought？

Schools,too,have a role in building character.So do youth organizations.So*do law enforcement agencies,which can do more to inform. the young about laws,their meaning,and their observance(遵守).

第 36 题 The two boys in Chicago were（）

A．shot

B．murdered

C．accused

D．set free

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