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For many senior citizens, the year after 65 is not enjoyable. They feel unproductive when they no longer work. They lives losing meaning. In addition, they may feel lonely being away from their families and the contacts they had in their work. Moreover, they become more concerned with their health as they grow older, If they live in big cities, they often worry about their safety. Other senior citizens enjoy their lives. They feel free to do things they were not able to do when they were working and raising families.
The number of senior citizens in the U. S. is increasing rapidly because people are living longer than before. Because of their large numbers and more active life Styles, senior citizens are gaining social influence in the country, both politically and economically. Their concerns are receiving a wider audience than ever before. The time may come when all Americans will look forward to becoming senior citizens.
(30)
A．People of 65 years old.
B．People over 65 years old.
C．People between 60 and 65 years old.
D．Retired people.
听力原文： People over the age of 65 in the U.S.A. are called senior citizens. Life for these people is different from that for younger Americans. Most senior citizens retire, or no longer work full time. Also it is unusual for people of this age to live with their children and grandchildren. Grandparents tend to live in their own houses or apartments away from their families.
For many senior citizens, the year after 65 is not enjoyable. They feel unproductive when they no longer work. Their lives lose meaning. In addition, they may feel lonely being away from their families and the contacts they had in their work. Moreover, they become more concerned with their health as they grow olden If they live in big cities, they often worry about their safety.
Other senior citizens enjoy their lives. They feel free to do things they were not able to do when they were working and raising families. They now have time to enjoy hobbies and sports and travel. They associate with their fellow senior citizens who have common interests and equal free time. Many senior citizens move to retirement communities located in warm climates. Some senior citizens continue to work beyond retirement age. Many find new careers and professional opportunities after they retire.
The number of senior citizens in the U.S. is increasing rapidly because people are living longer than before. The average life span for Americans is now more than 74 years. Because of their larger numbers and more active life styles, senior citizens are gaining social influence in the country, both politically and economically. Their concerns are receiving a wider audience than ever before. The time may come when all Americans will look forward to becoming senior citizens.
How old are senior citizens？
A．People of 65 years old.
B．People over 65 years of age.
C．People between 60 and 65 years old.
D．Retired people.
As an example of how this worked, when facial tissues (面巾纸) were first put on the market in 1924, they were made in limited quantities and sold at 65 cents per box of 200. People like these facial tissues immediately and began asking for them when they went into different stores. Because there was such a demand for the product, manufacturers began making tissues in larger and larger quantities. Because the manufacturers were making tissues in greater quantities, their production costs were lowered, so that the price of tissues went down. (80) In the meanwhile, the quality of facial tissues was constantly improving, because more manufacturers went into the business of making tissues, and each manufacturer strove to make his product better than his competitors’. Today, instead of costing 65 cents, a box of 200 tissues costs around one—third of that price, and they are both softer and stronger.
When people are free to compete—when they are free to make more things and make them better—everyone benefits.
In regard to the production of goods in greater quantities, the author states that ______.
A．the price of the goods should drop
B．the quality of the goods should improve
C．the price and the quality should both rise
D．the quality and the price should both drop
根据材料请回答 51～65 题
Most people would be 51 by the high quality of medicine 52 to most Americans.
There is a great deal of attention to the individual, a 53 amount of advanced technical e-quipment, and intense efforts not to make mistakes because of the financial risk which doc-tors and hospitals must face in the courts if they 54 things badly.
But the Americans are in a mess.The problem is the way in 55 health care is organ-ized and financed. 56 to public belief it is not just a free competition system.To the pri-vate system has been joined a large public system, because private care was simply not__57 the less fortunate and the elderly.
But even with this huge public part of the system, 58 this year will eat up 84.5 bil-lion dollars more than 10 per cent of the U.S, budget large numbers of Americans are left 59 .These include about half the 11 million unemployed and those who fail to meet the strict limits 60 income fixed by a government trying to make savings where it can.
The basic problem, however, is that there is no central control 61 the health sys-tem.There is no 62 to what doctors and hospitals charge for their services, other than what the public is able to pay. The number of doctors has shot up and prices have climbed.When faced with toothache, a sick child, or a heart attack, all the unfortunate person concerned can do is pay up.
Two-thirds of the population 63 covered by medical insurance.Doctors charge as much as they want, 64 that the insurance company will pay the bill.The rising cost of medicine in the U.S.
A is among the most worrying problems fa-cing the country.In 1981 the country's health bill climbed 15.9 per cent about twice as fast as prices 65 general.
第 51 题
A．compressed
B．impressed
C．obsessed
D．repressed
根据短文回答 51～65 题。
The White House
We got up early is morning and___________ (51)a long walk after breakfast.We walked through the business section of the city.I told you yesterday that the city is larger___________(52)I thought it would be.___________ (53) the business section is smaller than thought it would be.I suppose that' ___________ (54) Washington is a special kind f city___________(55)the people in Washington work for the government.About 9:30 e went to the White House.It's___________ (56)to the public from 10 till 12,and there as a long line of people waiting to get in.We didn't have to wait very long,because the line moved___________ (57)quickly.
The White House is really white.It is painted every year.And it seems very white,because it's got beautiful lawns all around it,___________ (58)many trees and shrubs.The grounds___________(59)about four square blocks.I mean.They're about two blocks long___________ (60)each side.Of course,we didn't see the whole building.The part___________(61)the President lives and works is not open to the public.But the part we saw was beautiful.We went through five of the main rooms.One of them was the library, on the ground floor.On the next floor, there are three rooms named_______(62)the colors that are used in them:the Red Room,the Blue Room,and the Green Room.The___________ (63)are covered with silk cloth.___________ (64)are many pieces of old furniture,from the time___________ (65)the White House was first built.And everywhere there are paintings and statues of former presidents and other famous people from history.
第 51 题
A．made
B．ran
C．took
D．jumped
Part B
Directions:
Read the texts from a book in which five people talked about climate. For questions 61 to 65, match the name of each person (61 to 65) to one of the statements (A to G) given below. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET 1.
Jennifer:
The greenhouse effect might be causing the change, but it's a cycle that's been tracked for about a hundred years and in the past 20 years or so it just stopped cycling. And this is only affecting a small part of the world. People talk about greenhouse effect because they want to show how much concern they have about the future of the world. Don't be as silly as them.
Kac:
Spring just hits here, too. It's so nice—windows open, the fresh air of changing seasons just lights me up. When I was younger this was the season for walking through the melting snow and ice, across roadsides, through square acre forests among the fields, I got so excited to be out in the wild. It's tough to be in the city this time of year. Maybe I'll go camping soon!
Soscia:
In the city you don't have seasons. Spring rain does not make man-made structure grow, and wet roads are not inconvenient for you because you can move around in your car. Summer's heat is no longer a problem and air-conditioning makes your rooms cool as autumn. The colors of the city don't change because nature is not powerful enough to change them as she changes the color of woods. Winter snow leaves nothing white but muddy roads.
Harno:
Snow in Georgia is a funny thing. We have been having 24 hours weather news on the TV for the past week, just because there is a threat of snow. Schools have closed based on these predictions, and all we got was rain. But the rule is that if it sticks to the ground, school is canceled. It would be a great excuse to get the day off. People rush to the grocery store to buy milk and bread—I don't know why, but they do. When I was growing up here we used to get one or two big snowfalls a year, but there has not been any for the last few. Damn global warming.
Macland:
It's been so nice. I am of the firm belief that in February we get the day like cool autumn season in November…In February it's like a warm period that's been getting stronger and longer every year since my boyhood, and it gets defeated by the final blowing snowstorm of March at least once, but anyone can survive (生存)those snowstorms, since we all know they'll be gone in a few days.
Now match each of the people (61 to 65) to the appropriate statement.
Note: there are two extra statements.
Statements
[A] Future is bright.
[B] Man conquers nature.
[C] We can see the effect of the pollution on the climate.
[D] Human beings have to struggle hard against weather.
[E] The call of nature is there.
[F] He hates spring.
[G] Sometimes we worry too much about nothing.
Jennifer
For many senior citizens, the years after 65 are not enjoyable. They feel unproductive when they no longer work. Their lives lose meaning. In addition, they may feel lonely being away from their families and the contacts they bed in their work. Moreover, they become more concerned with their health as they grow older. If they live in big cities they often worry about their safety.
Other senior citizens enjoy their lives. They feel free to do things they were not able to do when they were working and raising families. They now have time to enjoy hobbies and sports and travel. They associate with their fellow senior citizens who have common interests and equal free time. Many senior citizens move to retirement communities located in warm climates. Some senior citizens continue to work beyond retirement age. Many find new careers and professional opportunities after they retire.
The number of senior citizens in the U.S. is increasing rapidly because people are living longer than before. The average life span for Americans is now more than 74 years. Because of their larger numbers and more active life styles, senior citizens are gaining social influence in the country, both politically and economically. Their concerns are receiving a wider audience than ever before. The time may come when all Americans will look forward to becoming senior citizens.
(33)
A．The influence of old people in the U.S.
B．Citizens and life in the U. S.
C．Changes in American families.
D．The old people in the U. S.
根据下面材料请回答 51～65 题
Less Is More
It sounds all wrong--drilling holes in a piece of wood to make it more resistant to knocks.But it works because the energy from the blow gets distributed throughout the wood rather than focusing on one weak spot.The discovery should lead to more effective and lighter packaging materials.
Carpenters have known________ (1)centuries that some woods are tougher than others.Hickory(山核桃木),for example,was turned into axe handles and cartwheel spokes(轮辐)because it can absorb shocks without breakin9.White oak,for example,is much more easily damaged,________ (2)it is almost as dense.Julian Vincent at Bathe University and his team were convinced the wood'S internal structure could explain the differences.
Many trees have tubular(管的)vessels that run________ (3)the trunk and carry water to the leaves.In oak they are large,and arranged in narrow bands,but.Il hickory they are smaller, and more evenly distributed.The researchers________ (4)this layout might distribute a blow's energy throughout the wood,soaking up a bigger hit.To test time idea,they drilled holes 0.65 millimeters across into a block of spruce(云杉),a wood with________ (5)vessels,and found that________ (6)withstood a harder knock.________ (7) when there were more than about 30 holes per square centimeter did the wood。S performance drop off.
A uniform. substance doesn‘t cope well with knocks because only a small proportion of the material is actually________ (8).All the energy from the blow goes towards breaking the material in one or two places,but often the pieces left________ (9)are pristine(未经破坏的).
But instead of the energy being concentrated in one place,the holes provide many weak spots that all absorb energy as they break,says Vincent."You are controlling the places________ (10)the wood breaks,and it can then absorb more________ (11),more safely."
The researchers believe the principle could be applied to any material________ (12)example,to manufacture lighter and more protective packaging.It could ________ (13)be used in car bumpers,crash barriers and armour for military vehicles,
says Ulrike Wegst________ (14) the Max Plank Institute for Mental Research in Stuttgart.But she emphasizes that you________ (15)to design the substance with the direction of force in mind."The direction of loading is crucial,"she says.
第 51 题
A．in
B．since
C．for
D．at
In the case of man, the difficulties with the environmental concept are even more complicated because we have to deal with man as an animal and with man as a bearer (持有者) of culture. If we look at man as an animal and try to analyze the environmental forces that are acting on the organism, we find that we have to deal with things like climate, soil, plants and such-like factors common to all biological situations; but we also find, always, very important environmental influences that we can only class as “cultural”, which modify the physical and biological factors. But man, as we know him, is always a bearer of culture; and if we study human culture, we find that it, in turn, is modified by the environmental factors of climate and geography. We thus easily get into great difficulties from the necessity of viewing culture, at one moment, as a part of the man and, at another moment, as a part of the environment.
第61题：Which of the following words can best describe the popular understanding of “environment” as the author sees it？
A) Elaborate.
B) Prejudiced.
C) Faultless.
D) Oversimplified.
