Little Tips for Law-breaking Motorists in CourtEven a careful motorist may have the misfor

第1题

When Thomas Keller, one of America's foremost chefs, announced that on Sept. 1 he would ab

olish the practice of tipping at Per Se, his luxury restaurant in New York City, and replace it with a European-style. service charge, I knew three groups would be opposed: customers, servers and restaurant owners. These three groups are all committed to tipping—as they quickly made clear on Web sites. To oppose tipping, it seems, is to be ant capitalist, and maybe even a little French.

But Mr. Keller is right to move away from tipping—and it's worth exploring why just about everyone else in the restaurant world is wrong to stick with the practice.

Customers believe in tipping because they think it makes economic sense. "Waiters know that they won't get paid if they don't do a good job" is how most advocates of the system would put it. To be sure, this is a tempting, apparently rational statement about economic theory, but it appears to have little applicability to the real world of restaurants.

Michael Lynn, an associate professor of consumer behavior. and marketing at Cornell's School of Hotel Administration, has conducted dozens of studies of tipping and has concluded that consumers' assessments of the quality of service correlate weakly to the amount they tip.

Rather, customers are likely to tip more in response to servers touching them lightly and leaning forward next to the table to make conversation than to how often their water glass is refilled—in other words, customers tip more when they like the server, not when the service is good. Mr. Lynn's studies also indicate that male customers increase their tips for female servers while female customers increase their tips for male servers.

What's more, consumers seem to forget that the tip increases as the bill increases. Thus, the tipping system is an open invitation to what restaurant professionals call "upselling": every bottle of imported water, every espresso and every cocktail is extra money in the server's pocket. Aggressive upselling for tips is often rewarded while low-key, quality service often goes unrecognized.

In addition, the practice of tip pooling, which is the norm in fine-dining restaurants and is becoming more common in every kind of restaurant above the level of a greasy spoon, has ruined whatever effect voting with your tip might have had on an individual waiter. In an unreasonable outcome, you are punishing the good waiters in the restaurant by not tipping the bad one. Indeed, there appears to be little connection between tipping and good service.

It may be inferred that a European-style. service ______.

A．is tipping-free

B．charges little tip

C．is the author's initiative

D．is offered at Per Se

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第2题

Little Tips for Law-breaking Motorists in CourtEven a careful motorist may have the misfor

Little Tips for Law-breaking Motorists in Court

Even a careful motorist may have the misfortune to commit a motoring __ (1). In due course, __ (2) a summons(传票), he will appear in a police court. In the court,the motorist hears his name called by the clerk of the court, and comes forward to identify himself. The magistrate(地方法官)then calls for the policeman who charged the offender and asks him to give evidence. The officer takes the oath to tell the truth, the whole truth, and__ (3) the truth. He also is expected to give an account __ (4) what happened when the offence was committed and to mention any special circumstances. For instance, the offence__ (5) partly due to the foolishness of another motorist. It would he unwise for the accused motorist to exaggerate this. It will not help his case to try to blame__ (6) for his own mistake. The magistrate, __ (7) hearing that some other motorist is involved, will doubtless say："What is being done about this man？" "Case

coming up later this afternoon," may__ (8) be the answer.

(9) you are guilty, it is of course wise to plead guilty and apologize for committing the'offence and__ (10) the court's time. magistrates.are not heartless and a motorist may be lucky enough to hear one-say. "There are mitigating circumstances,(11) you have broken the law and I am obliged to__ (12) a fine. Pay five pounds. Next case. " For many offences, if you wish to plead gui!ty.~you may do so by po.st and-avoid

(13) the court at all.

Some short-tempered people forget that both policemen and magistrates have a public duty to perform. and are rude to them. This does not pay and rightly so! A magistrate will not let off an offender__(14) because he is__(15), but the courteous(有礼貌的)lawbreakers may certainly hope that the magistrate will extend to him what tolerance the law permits.

第 51 题

A． offence

B．crime

C．mistake

D．accident

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第3题

Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.As a person who writes ab

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

As a person who writes about food and drink for a living, I couldn’t tell you the first thing about Bill Perry or whether the beers he sells are that great. But I can tell you that I like this guy. That’s because he plans to ban tipping in favor of paying his servers an actual living wage.

I hate tipping.

I hate it because it’s an obligation disguised as an option. I hate it for the post-dinner math it requires of me. But mostly, I hate tipping because I believe I would be in a better place if pay decisions regarding employees were simply left up to their employers, as is the custom in virtually every other industry.

Most of you probably think that you hate tipping, too. Research suggests otherwise. You actually love tipping! You like to feel that you have a voice in how much money your server makes. No matter how the math works out, you persistently view restaurants with voluntary tipping systems as being a better value, which makes it extremely difficult for restaurants and bars to do away with the tipping system.

One argument that you tend to hear a lot from the pro-tipping crowd seems logical enough: the service is better when waiters depend on tips, presumably because they see a benefit to successfully veiling their contempt for you. Well, if this were true, we would all be slipping a few 100-dollar bills to our doctors on the way out their doors, too. But as it turns out, waiters see only a tiny bump in tips when they do an exceptional job compared to a passable one. Waiters, keen observers of humanity that they are, are catching on to this; in one poll, a full 30% said they didn’t believe the job they did had any impact on the tips they received.

So come on, folks: get on board with ditching the outdated tip system. Pay a little more up-front for your beer or burger. Support Bill Perry’s pub, and any other bar or restaurant that doesn’t ask you to do drunken math.

46.What can we learn about Bill Perry from the passage？

A.He runs a pub that serves excellent beer.

B.He intends to get rid of the tipping practice.

C.He gives his staff a considerable sum for tips.

D.He lives comfortably without getting any tips.

47.What is the main reason why the author hates tipping？A.It sets a bad example for other industries.

B.It adds to the burden of ordinary customers.

C.It forces the customer to compensate the waiter.

D.It poses a great challenge for customers to do math.

48.Why do many people love tipping according to the author？A.They help improve the quality of the restaurants they dine in.

B.They believe waiters deserve such rewards for good service.

C.They want to preserve a wonderful tradition of the industry.

D.They can have some say in how much their servers earn.

49.What have some waiters come to realize according to a survey？A.Service quality has little effect on tip size.

B.It is in human nature to try to save on tips.

C.Tips make it more difficult to please customers.

D.Tips benefit the boss rather than the employees.

50.What does the author argue for in the passage？A.Restaurants should calculate the tips for customers.

B.Customers should pay more tips to help improve service.

C.Waiters deserve better than just relying on tips for a living.

D.Waiters should be paid by employers instead of customers.

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

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第4题

We went fishing the first morning. I fell the same damp moss covering the worms in the bai

t can, and saw the dragonfly alight on the tip of my rod as it hovered a few inches from the surface of water. It was the arrival of this fly that convinced me beyond any doubt that everything was as it always had been, that the years were a mirage and that there had been no years. The small waves were the same chucking the rowboat under the chin as we fished at anchor, and the boat was the same boat, the same color green and the ribs broken in the same places, and under the floorboards the same freshwater leavings and debris—the wisps of moss, the rusty discarded fishhook, the dried blood from yesterdays catch. We stared silently at the tips of our rods, at the dragonflies that came and went. I lowered the tip of mine into the water, tentatively, pensively dislodging the fly, which darted two feet away, poised, darted two feet back, and came to rest again a little farther up the rod. We would be tired at night and lie down in the accumulated heat of the bedrooms after the long hot day and the breeze would stir almost imperceptibly outside and the smell of the swamp drift in through the rusty screens. Sleep would come easily and in the morning the red squirrel would be on the roof, tapping out his gay routine.

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第5题

听力原文：M: Hello! You seem worried. Can I help you？W: Oh, I feel so strange with my feet

听力原文：M: Hello! You seem worried. Can I help you？

W: Oh, I feel so strange with my feet in the skis.

M: So you don’t know how to ski. Is it the first time you come here skiing？

W: It’s even the first time I have seen the real white snow.

M: No kidding! Where are you from, young lady？

W: My family and I live in Hainan Province, China. We do not have snow in winter. It’s always sunshine.

M: No wonder. I guess you must be a good swimmer, then.

W: You’re right. Swimming is my favorite hobby. But I simply don’t know what to do with these skis.

M: Don’t worry. I’m sure you will learn it very soon. Now walk as I do, all right？ ...Good! Let’s go up the hill and try once, shall we？ When you want to go up the slope, you should stand sideways and go up step by step, just like a crab!

W: Oh, it’s really funny. I’ve never walked in this way, but it’s interesting.

M: Let’s move to the gentle slope, shall we？ It will make things easier.

W: I guess I’m a little nervous.

M: Take it easy. Trust yourself. Now, keep leaning forward while going down. Remember the tips mustn’t cross or you’ll fall down. If you want to stop, you should point the tips together, got it？

W: I see. Oh, I have done it! Thank you. You are so kind!

(20)

A．Skiing.

B．Skating.

C．Swimming.

D．Jogging.

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第6题

Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by s

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

As a person who writes about food and drink for a living. I couldn’t tell you the first thing about Bill Perry or whether the beers he sells are that great. But I can tell you that I like this guy. That’s because he plans to ban tipping in favor of paying his servers an actual living wage.

I hate tipping.

I hate it because it’s an obligation disguised as an option. I hate it for the post-dinner math it requires of me. But mostly, I hate tipping because I believe I would be in a better place if pay decisions regarding employees were simply left up to their employers, as is the custom in virtually every other industry.

Most of you probably think that you hate tipping, too. Research suggests otherwise. You actually love tipping! You like to feel that you have a voice in how much money your server makes. No matter how the math works out, you persistently view restaurants with voluntary tipping systems as being a better value, which makes it extremely difficult for restaurants and bars to do away with the tipping system.

One argument that you tend to hear a lot from the pro-tipping crowd seems logical enough: the service is better when waiters depend on tips, presumably because they see a benefit to successfully veiling their contempt for you. Well, if this were true, we would all be slipping a few 100-dollar bills to our doctors on the way out their doors, too. But as it turns out, waiters see only a tiny bump in tips when they do an exceptional job compared to a passable one. Waiters, keen observers of humanity that they are, are catching on to this; in one poll, a full 30% said they didn’t believe the job they did had any impact on the tips they received.

So come on, folks: get on board with ditching the outdated tip system. Pay a little more upfront for your beer or burger. Support Bill Perry’s pub, and any other bar or restaurant that doesn’t ask you to do drunken math.

What can we learn about Bill Perry from the passage？

A.He runs a pub that serves excellent beer.

B.He intends to get rid of the tipping practice.

C.He gives his staff a considerable sum for tips.

D.He lives comfortably without getting any tips.

点击查看答案

第7题

Help Your Child Become a Reader Encouraging early reading skills can build a path to a lif

Help Your Child Become a Reader

Encouraging early reading skills can build a path to a lifelong (终身的) love of reading and can help your child get a head start in school. While reading to your child is still the most important thing you can do to build reading skills, there are many techniques that can help.

Make reading fun. Play games with your child as you read. Many traditional children’s games can be adapted to encourage reading skills.

While reading or during play, tell your child, “I spy with my little eye, something that begins with the letter b.” Help the child find something on the page or in the room that begins with that letter. For example. “I see a barn.” This can also be used to teach beginning letter sounds. “I spy with my little eye, something that begins with the sound‘s’.” Help the child find a word that begins with the “s” sound.

In this variation on the popular game, instruct the child that, “Simon says, ‘point to something that starts with the letter n.’” The child can then find an object in the room or a body part, such as the nose, that starts with the letter presented. This can also be used to teach beginning sounds.

Make a game out of rhyming (押韵) words by making up silly words to rhyme with the child’s name of favorite toys. This sets the stage for rhyming real words by showing the child the similarities of sounds. As the child masters making up the words, begin rhyming real words to one another.

Tips to raise a successful reader:

Put books in places where the child plays. If books are easily accessible, children are more likely to pick them up.

Let children “read to you” by looking at pictures. Making up stories to go along with illustrations helps children discover how words relate to pictures.

Take books along on trips or even short visits to the doctor’s office or grocery store.

Have children help you shop. Reading grocery lists and looking for specific items helps build sight vocabulary.

A good reading habit can help your child do well at school.

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

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第8题

Help Your Child Become a ReaderEncouraging early reading skills can build a path to a life

Help Your Child Become a Reader

Encouraging early reading skills can build a path to a lifelong (终身的) love of reading and can help your child get a head start in school. While reading to your child is still the most important thing you can do to build reading skills, there are many techniques that can help.

Make reading fun. Play games with your child as you read. Many traditional children's games can be adapted to encourage reading skill.

While reading or during play, tell your child, "I spy with my little eye, something that begins with the letter b. "Help the child find something on the page or in the room that begins with that letter. For example, "I see a barn". This can also be used to teach beginning letter sounds. "I spy with my little eye, something that begins with the sounds. "Help the child find a word that begins with the "s" sound. In this variation on the popular game, instruct the child that, "Simon says, point to something that starts with the letter ' n. ' "The child can then find an object in the room or a body part, such as the nose, that starts with the letter presented. This can also be used to teach beginning sounds.

Make a game out of rhyming (押韵) words by making up silly words to rhyme with the child's name or favorite toys. This sets the stage for rhyming real words by showing the child the similarities of sounds. As the child masters making up the words, begin rhyming real words to one another. Tips to raise a successful reader.

Put books in places where the child plays. If books are easily accessible, children are more likely to pick them up.

Let children "read to you" by looking at pictures. Making up stories to go along with illustrations helps children discover how words relate to pictures.

Take books along on trips or even short visits to the doctor's office or grocery store.

Have children help you shop. Reading grocery lists and looking for specific items helps build sight vocabulary.

A good reading habit can help your child do well at school.

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

点击查看答案

第9题

请根据短文的内容，回答题。 Help Your Child Become a ReaderEncouraging early reading skills c

请根据短文的内容，回答题。

Help Your Child Become a Reader

Encouraging early reading skills can build a path to a lifelong (终身的 ) love of reading and can help your child get a head start in school. While reading to your child is still the most important thing you can do to build reading skills, there are many techniques that can help.＜br＞

Make reading fun. Play games with your child as you read. Many traditional children&39;s games can be adapted to encourage reading skills.＜br＞

While reading or during play, tell your child, "I spy with my little eye, something that begins with the letter b." Help the child find something on the page or in the room that begins with that letter. For example, "I see a barn." This can also be used to teach beginning letter sounds. "I spy with my little eye.＜br＞

Something that begins with the sounds." Help the child find a word that begins with the "s" sound.＜br＞

In this variation on the popular game, instruct the child that, "Simon says, &39;point to something that starts with the letter n&39;." The child can then find an object in the room or a body part, such as the nose,that starts with the letter presented. This can also be used to teach beginning sounds.＜br＞

Make a game out of rhyming (押韵) words by making up silly words to rhyme with the child&39;s name or favorite toys. This sets the stage for rhyming real words by showing the child the similarities of sounds. As the child masters making up the words, begin rhyming real words to one another.＜br＞

Tips to raise a successful reader:＜br＞

Put books in places where the child plays. If books are easily accessible, children are more likely to pick them up.＜br＞

Let children "read to you" by looking at pictures. Making up stories to go along with illustrations helps children discover how words relate to pictures.＜br＞

Take books along on trips or even short visits to the doctor&39;s office or grocery store.＜br＞

Have children help you shop. Reading grocery lists and looking for specific items help build sight vocabulary.

A good reading habit can help your child do well at school. 查看材料

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

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第10题

根据短文回答 16～22 题。 Help Your Child Become a Reader Encouraging early reading ski

根据短文回答 16～22 题。

Help Your Child Become a Reader

Encouraging early reading skills can build a path to a lifelong (终身的)love of reading and can help your child get a head start in school. While reading to your child is still the most important thing you can do to build reading skills, there are many techniques that can help.

Make reading fun. Play games with your child as you read. Many traditional children's games can be adapted to encourage reading skills.

While reading or during play, tell your child, "i spy with my little eye, something that begins with the letter b." Help the child find something on the page or in the room that begins with that letter. For example, "i see a barn." This can also be used to teach, beginning letter sounds. "i spy with my little eye, something that begins with the sound's'." Help the child find a word that begins with the "s" sound.

In this variation on the popular game, instruct the child that, "Simon says, 'point to something that starts with the letter n.'" The child can then find an object in the room or a body part, such as the nose, that starts with the letter presented. This can also be used to teach beginning sounds.

Make a game out of rhyming (押韵) words by making up silly words to rhyme with the child's name or favorite toys. This sets the stage for rhyming real words by showing the child the similarities of sounds. As the child masters making up the words, begin rhyming real words to one another.

Tips to raise a successful reader:

Put books in places where the child plays. If books are easily accessible, children are more likely to pick them up.

Let children "read to you" by looking at pictures. Making up stories to go along with illustrations helps children discover how words relate to pictures.

Take books along on trips or even short visits to the doctor's office or grocery store Have children help you shop. Reading grocery lists and looking for specific items helps build sight vocabulary.

第 16 题 A good reading habit can help your child do well at school.（）

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

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第11题

&8226;Read the text below about time management.&8226;In most of the lines （41-52) there i

&8226;Read the text below about time management.

&8226;In most of the lines (41-52) there is one extra word. It is either grammatically incorrect or does not fit in with the sense of the text. Some lines, however, are correct.

&8226;If a line is correct, write CORRECT on your Answer Sheet.

&8226;If there is an extra word in the line, write the extra word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your Answer Sheet.

EFFECTIVE TIME MANAGEMENT

All too often, work seems like to take over a disproportionate part of our lives,with the result that we are not able to see our friends or families as often as

41 we would like and we have little time for relaxation. Although one of the

42 consequences of poor time management for many of us is that it tips over our

43 lives out of balance so that we don't pay enough attention to the things that

44 are really important to achieve them. But the paradox is that when work

45 dominates on the horizon to such an overwhelming extent, we are probably

46 being neither as efficient nor as effective at work as we could be with a

47 better organised lifestyle. If we constantly feel under the pressure and are

48 always rushing to meet deadlines, we should take up a look at the way we

49 are organising our work. We all have limits on the amount of time and within

50 which we can do a good job; it's more important to make use that time well than

51 to work more hours. There are various techniques, such as delegating to each

52 others and by reducing interruptions, that are commonly used for managing time, and when we put these into practice, we will soon notice the difference.

(41)

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