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更多“Japanese trains leave and arri…”相关的问题
What do we learn about Japanese trains？
A．People tend to be asleep on the trains.
B．People usually read newspapers there.
C．They always leave and arrive on time.
D．There are always not enough trains.
Maglev Trains
If you've been to an airport lately, you've probably noticed that air travel is becoming more and more congested. Despite frequent delays, airplanes still provide the fastest way to travel hundreds or thousands of miles. Passenger air travel revolutionized the transportation industry in the last century, letting people traverse great distances in a matter of hours instead of days or weeks.
The only alternatives to airplanes—feet, ears, buses, boats and conventional trains—are just too slow for today's fast-paced society. However, there is a new form. of transportation that could revolutionize transportation of the 21st century the way airplanes did in the 20th century.
A few countries are using powerful electromagnets to develop high-speed trains, called maglev trains. Maglev is short for magnetic levitation, which means that these trains will float over a guideway using the basic principles of magnets to replace the old steel wheel and track trains. In this article, you will learn how electromagnetic propulsion(电磁推进) works, how three specific types of maglev trains work and where you can ride one of these trains.
Electromagnetic Suspension(EMS)
If you've ever played with magnets, you know that opposite poles attract and like poles repel each other. This is the basic principle behind electromagnetic propulsion. Electromagnets are similar to other magnets in that they attract metal objects, but the magnetic pull is temporary. As you can read about in How Electromagnets Work, you can easily create a small electromagnet yourself by connecting the ends of a copper wire to the positive and negative ends of an AA, C or D-cell battery. This creates a small magnetic field. If you disconnect either end of the wire from the battery, the magnetic field is taken away.
The magnetic field created in this wire-and-battery experiment is the simple idea behind a maglev train rail system. There are three components to this system:
- A large electrical power source
- Metal coils lining a guideway or track
- Large guidance magnets attached to the underside of the train
The big difference between a maglev train and a conventional train is that maglev trains do not have an engine—at least not the kind of engine used to pull typical train cars along steel tracks. The engine for maglev trains is rather unnoticeable. Instead of using fossil fuels, the magnetic field created by the electrified coils in the guideway walls and the track combine to propel the train.
Maglev trains float on a cushion of air, eliminating friction. This lack of friction and the trains' aerodynamic(空气动力学的) designs allow these trains to reach unprecedented ground transportation speeds of more than 310 mph(500 kph), or twice as fast as Amtrak's fastest commuter train. In comparison, a Boeing-777 commercial airplane used for long-range flights can reach a top speed of about 562 mph (905 kph). Developers say that maglev trains will eventually link cities that are up to 1,000 miles (1,609 kin) apart. At 310 mph, you could travel from Paris to Rome in just over two hours.
Electrodynamic Suspension (EDS)
Japanese engineers are developing a competing version of maglev trains that use an electro- dynamic suspension (EDS) system, which is based on the repelling force of magnets. The key difference between Japanese and German maglev trains is that the Japanese trains use super-cooled, superconducting electromagnets. This kind of electromagnet can conduct electricity even after the power supply has been shut off. In the EMS system, which uses standard electromagnets, the coils only conduct electricity when a power supply is present. By chilling the coils at frigid temperatures, Japan's system saves energy. However, the cryogenic(低温学的) system used to cool the coils can be expensive.
Another di
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
听力原文： Tokyo is one of those places that you can love and hate at the same time.In Tokyo there are always too many people in the places where I want to be.Of course there are too many cars.The Japanese drive very fast when they can.But in Tokyo they often spend a long time in traffic jams.Tokyo is not different when one wants to walk.At certain times of the day there are a lot of people on foot in London's Oxford Street.But the streets near Ginza in Tokyo always have a lot of people on foot,and sometimes it is really difficult to walk.People are very polite;there are just too many of them.The worst time to be in the street is at 11:30 at night.That is when the night-clubs are closing and everybody wants to go home.There are 35,000 night-clubs in Tokyo,and you do not often see one that is empty.Most people travel to and from work by train.Tokyo people buy six million train tickets every day.At most stations,trains arrive every two or three minutes,but at certain hours there do not seem to be enough trains.Although they are usually crowded,Japanese trains are very good.They always leave and arrive on time.On a London train you would see everybody reading a newspaper.In Tokyo trains everybody in a seat seems to be asleep,whether his joumey is long or short.
How does the speaker feel about Tokyo？
A．Convenient.
B．Clean.
C．Crowded.
D．Lovely.
听力原文： What does maglev look like？ Japanese engineers designed a vehicle that runs in a cradle-like track or guideway. Magnetic attraction and repulsion pull and push maglev forward. To stop the trains, the magnetic force is reversed, much like airplanes are stopped by reversing the force of the engines. Both types of maglev are quiet, fast, and save. Since maglev rides on air, there is no friction between wheels and rails to make noise or to slow it down. If the external power fails, there is a battery-operated system on the train itself that takes over and brings the cars to a smooth stop.
Maglev could be the answer to our problems. It could become the typical short and middle-distance mass transportation system of the twenty-first century. If it does, we will enjoy many benefits. We will ride in save, fast, quiet trains between cities up to about 500 miles apart in less time than it takes to fly if you include the time for ground transportation. We will conserve precious land because maglev can be built where railroads run, down the middle of existing super-highways or elevated above existing streets and roads. And we will probably save money, too. According to a German estimate, a mile of two-way track will cost about nine million dollars whereas a mile of interstate highway costs about 25 million dollars in the United States.
(30)
A．Because it is designed like a cradle.
B．Because it is pulled and pushed by magnetic attraction and repulsion.
C．Because it runs on air.
D．Because there's no friction between wheels and rails.
Some shops, cafes or department stores provide plastic covers for umbrellas. Make sure not to enter with a dripping wet umbrella without one.
Refrain (节制，避免，制止) from blowing your nose in front of other people. Japanese only use paper tissue for this. Like in other Asian countries, it is considered rude to blow you nose in a handkerchief and stuff it in your pocket afterward. Japanese are usually aware of this Western practice, although that might make them feel uncomfortable.
You should not eat while standing or walking in the street. Even inside a house, you should sit down to eat. The only exceptions are for eating at a counter or for eating an ice-cream in the street. This custom is tine of the most difficult to adapt to for many non-Japanese, as it doesn't seem to make much sense.
Do not point your finger, feet or chopsticks at people. If you have to indicate an object or direction to someone, Wave your fingers with the palm(手掌) downwards.
Avoid interrupting people when they are speaking or thinking about an answer. Japanese do not mind short periods of silence in the middle of a discussion.
Do not use your mobile phone in trains unless it is clearly allowed to do so. Using emails or SMS is fine though.
Money should be given in an envelope, but only about half the Japanese really take the trouble. Most men do not seem to care, except for formal situations. Never forget this rule for weddings. In addition, the number of banknotes given to the married couple should be a odd number, as superstitious(迷信的) people believe that the couple might separate if the number can be divided in two.
If you are a Frenchman and you are going to visit a Japanese family what does the writer strongly suggest you to bring with you？
A．Some small presents.
B．Some specialties of your family.
C．Only a small gift.
D．Some specialties from France.
To make food, plants need a lot except ______.
A．the air
B．the soil
C．green leaves
D．dead leaves
Germany is facing a crisis as low birth rates combine with a growingpopulation of citizens who are living longer.About 20 percent of thepopulation is over the age of 65, and that percentage is expected to continuerising.
This is a problem Japan also faces.Later this year, 150 Vietnamesecandidates will go to Japan for two years of training at the country'shospitals, after that they are expected to take the national nursing exam.Japanalready trains nurses from the Philippines and Indonesia, but the health caresystem has been criticized for being too harsh.All candidates must take thesame exam, but it is very difficult for foreign applicants because few canspeak the Japanese language.
Even with an aging population, many Japanese are opposed toforeigners working in some industries.Critics say foreign labor could lead tohigher unemployment, but there is little opposition to foreign nurses.
In Vietnam, the situation is very different.60 percent of thepopulation was born after the Vietnam war ended in 1985.There are not enoughjobs for everyone who wants one in Vietnam, but learning the nursing skills canhelp them find jobs overseas.
16.The overseas Vietnamese nurses mustcomplete the following EXCEPT().
A.a culture course
B.a health care exam
C.a language training
D.a driving test
17.A Vietnamese youngster will spend at least()in Germany before working there as a geriatricnurse.
A.six months
B.one and a half years
C.two and a half years
D.five years
18.It is inferred from the passage that()inJapan.
A.the health care system is much more strict than that in Germany
B.the majority of nurses are from Vietnam,Indonesia and the Philippines
C.the Vietnamese who pass the national exams will be trained at hospitals
D.foreigners find it hard to pass nursing exams because few can speak Japanese
19.Faced with the aging population, manyJapanese().
A.welcome foreign nurses working in Japan
B.oppose foreign labor working in most places
C.criticize the government for being tooharsh
D.blame the government for highunemployment
20.The last paragraph indicates that().
A.the Vietnamese also face the agingproblem
B.over half of the Vietnamese are underthe age of 45
C.sixty percent people cannot find jobs inVietnam
D.more and more Vietnamese have found jobs abroad
Since she ______ the following day, she went to bed earlier that night.
A．had left
B．is leaving
C．left
D．was to leave
The boss told him " ____ wasting time! Fish or cut bait.
A) Resign
B) Block
C)Quit
D) Leav
